主谓一致讲解专练 公开课教学设计

主谓一致一、主谓一致的原则1.语法一致原则。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式：主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。2.意义一致原则。(1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people,police,audience等。(2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数或不可数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单(不可数)的词有：news,maths,physics等。3.就近原则谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语，如therebe句型或用连词either...or...，neither...nor...,notonly...butalso等。二、要注意的一些问题。1.如果主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数.

Smokingisnotagoodhabit.

Tolivehappilyneedsalotofthings.

WhatIsaidistrue.

2.如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词.

Thesingerandsongwriterisdead.

ThescienceandtechnologyplaysanimportantpartinChina.

Breadandbutter(=butteredbread)isagoodfoodforpatients.

“WarandPeace”isthebestbookIhaveeverread.

如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each,every,manya/an,no的时候用单数名词.

Everyboyandgirlintheclassworksveryhard.

Eachminuteandsecondisvaluabletous.

3.主语是单数,后面跟有with,alongwith,togetherwith,besides,aswellas,but,except,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,like,including,inadditionto的时候,谓语动词用单数.

JackwithhisfamilywantstogotoChina.

He,aswellasyou,isveryhonest.

NoonebutIisastudent.

Herbrother,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,waskilledintheaccident.

Thefather,ratherthanthebrothers,isresponsible.

4.由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词(sb,sth---)和each,either,neither,one,theother,another,little,alittle,much,noone,nothing做主语的时候,谓语动词用单数.

Eachofyouisclevererthanme.

Neitherstudenthaspassedtheexam.

Isanybodyhere?

5.both,few,afew,several,many以及others做主语的时候,永远用复数动词.

Severalfriendswereinvitedtotheparty.

Bothbooksaresoldout.

6.all,none,any,some,more和most要是修饰单数名词,谓语动词用单数;若是修饰复数名词,就用复数动词.

Mostoftheappleisbad.

Mostoftheapplesarebad.

Noneofthismoneyisyours.

Noneofthepeoplehereareteachers.

7.由or连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最接近的主语一致.

Youorheiswrong.

Areyouorhewrong?

由either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最近的主语一致.

Eitherheoryouhavetotellthetruth.

Neithermybrothernorhisfriendsareover18yearsold.

Notonlythebasketballplayersbutalsothecoachwasverynervous.

8.若主语的复数名词表示的是”一段时间”,“一笔钱”,“一段距离”,“一个数量”,“一个面积”的时候用单数谓语动词.

Twoweeksistoenoughformetofinishit.

Fivethousanddollarsistoomuch.

Tenkilometersistoolongformetorun.

9.people(人民),police,cattle(牛群)等常用复数动词.有一些集体名词,如果表示的是整体就用单数动词,如果表示的是其中的个体就用复数谓语动词.这样的词常见的有family,class,audience,public,team等等.

Hisfamilyareallsingers.

Hisfamilyisverylarge.

10.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词与先行词一致。

Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.

11.一些名词只有复数形式，如clothes,scissors,trousers,shorts,scales等，作主语时谓语用复数形式

Thescales天平aremine.

但是成双的东西前面有apairof要用单数。

Thispairofscissorsbelongstothetailor.

12.如果主语是由“aseriesof,akindof,aportionof,oneof+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。Aseriesofpre-recordedtapshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.但avarietyof,anumberof+名词复数，动词要用复数形式;.而thenumberof+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis50.AnumberofstudentsarelearningJapanesenow.Onexhibitionthereareagreatvarietyofconsumergoods.Thenumberofthestudentsisover800Thiskindofmenisdangerous.

如果是多种，谓语动词要用复数。

Therearemanykindsofapples.

13.算术式通常用单数。Twotimestwoisfour.14.ics结尾的学科用单数谓语动词。

15.书名，剧名，报纸名，国名的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Theunitedstatesisacapitalistcountry.

“TheArabianNights”isaveryinterestingstory-book.

16.“the+形容词（分词）“指人谓语动词用复数形式。

TheEnglishspeakEnglish.

Theoldaregoingtobelookedafterwell.

17.who,what,which,all,more,mostsome,any,none,

half,therest,theremainder等作主语要看各自的情况。

18.oneandahalf加复数名词作主语谓语动词用单数。

Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.19.名词性物主代词后的动词单复数，取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：ours(=OurParty)isagreatparty.Yourshoesareblack,mine(=myshoes)arebrown.20.以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.21.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致Behindthehousearesometrees.22.几分之几/halfof/partof/therestof+n/pron.作主语，谓语动词由后面的n/pron决定。而oneof+n/pron作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Twothirdsofthebreadwaseaten.23.名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：Thedoctor'sisontheothersideofthestreet.24.morethanone+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。25.主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每个男人和女人都在工作。26.a/an+单数名词+ortwo作主语，谓语动词用单数。Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一两个学生考试不及格。27.以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：news,maths,physics等。例如：Nonewsisgoodnews.没有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass.在我们班数学很受欢迎。注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。MywifelikeclassicmusicverymuchandsodoI.Shedoesn'tlikejazzandneitherdoI.【典型例题解析】例1Therich________notalways.areB.isC.hasD.have解析the+adj.表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，故选A。例2TheOlympicGames_______heldevery______.is，fourB.are，fourC.is，fiveD.are，five解析每四年一次的奥林匹克往往看作复数。故选B。例3Noonebutherclassmates.knowB.knowsC.isknowingD.areknowing解析当主语后跟有but引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按but前面部分的单复数而定。故选B。例4解析表示一些钱的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，故选D。例5Nobirdandnobeast_______onthelonely.areseenB.isseenC.seeD.sees解析No...andno...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选B。【选讲例题】例6Look,herecomesome.dogB.horseC.deerD.cow解析some后的复数名词只有deer,故选C。例7Thenumberofstudentsofthisschool______.areB.havenotC.isn'tD.aren't解析Thenumberof+...，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选C。【课内追踪练习】单项选择singerandpianist_____askedtomakeaspeechatthemeetingyesterday.A.isB.wasC.areD.werelargenumberofstudentsinourclass_____girls.A.areB.wasC.isD.bepaperforbooksandnewpapers______madeofwood.A.areB.isC.hasD.haveweneed_____goodtextbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasofthe______intheship.A.passengerhashisownroomB.passengershavetheirownroomC.passengerhavetheirownroomD.passengershashisownroomyousaid______thematterwearediscussing.A.havesomethingtodoatB.hassomethingtodowithC.hadsomethingtodowithD.hasbeensomethingtodowithonlymybrotherbutalsoI_____goodatpainting.Bothofus_____goodpainters.A.are...areB.am...areC.is...isD.are...is【课外巩固练习】一、单项选择ofthehomework______today.A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished9Manypeoplesay10,000_______alotofmoney.A.dollarisB.dollarsareC.dollarsisD.dollararebuttwostudents______leftintheclassroom.A.isB.areC.hasD.havepolice_______soon.A.iscomingB.arecomingC.hascomeD.havecomethan60percentofworld'sradioprograms_______inEnglish.A.isB.wasC.areD.be二、用所给词的适当形式填空andI________(be)goingtoseeafilmthisevening.doctorandwriter_________(have)beenherefortwoyears.(be)apenandthreebooksonthedesk.family_________(like)towatchTV.orshe__________(have)gonethere.news_____________(be)veryinteresting.days______________(be)notenoughforus.ofus_______________(enjoy)climbingthetree.doorandeverywindow______________(be)tobecleaned.'snewtrousers__________(be)blue.___________(be)lateforschoolyesterday.cartandhorse__________(be)coming.，likeMaryandRose,_______________(have)aninterestingbook.ofthewindows____________(be)closed.ofmyhope____________(be)gone.(go)wellwithme.morningexercises________________(be)goodforyourhealth.hesaid________________sound)reasonable.(有理的)theboat______________(be)threeyoungmen.32.“I”______________(be)theninthletter.JaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow.A.wereB.isC.wasD.aredays_______enoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday.A.isn’tB.isC.are’tD.are35.—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveraday?—Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthem_____45minutes.A.lastB.lastsC.haveD.areLipingnorI_______abasketballplayer.A.amB.isC.beD.are______manynewwordsinlessonone,Itisveryeasy.A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.arenumberofthestudentsinourschool____1200.A.isB.areC.hasD.have_______myfavouritesubject.A.beB.isC.amD.areboywiththetwodogs_____whentheearthquakerockedthecity.A.weresleepingB.issleepingC.wassleepingD.areasleexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.areB.isC.wereD.wasplaceisnotinterestingatall,____ofuswantstogothere.A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.SomebutJane_____thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknowD.is44.—What’sontheplate?someeggsandcakesonit?—There_____someeggsandcakesonit.A.isB.areC.wasD.werepairofglasses______mine.A.areB.beC.isD.willbeLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday.A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.hadinvitedD.wereinvirted47.—Twomonths______quitealongtime.—Yes,I’mafraidthathewillmisslotsofhislessons.A.isB.areC.wasD.werethecitytheold_______.A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareofC.istakengoodcareofD.arebeentakengoodcareoffamily_____allverykindandfriendly,Hisfamily______ahappyone.A.are,isB.is,isC.are,areD.is,aresingerandthedancer_____cometoBeijing.A.hasB.haveC.areD.ischildreninthisclasseach_____newschoolbag.A.haveB.hasC.hasgotD.arehavingbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.wereBob'swifewon'tagreetogoonholidayinwinter,.hewillB.neitherwon'theC.