不定式to用法详解

动词不定式详解课件设计：课件制作：总体方案：1.

一不定式的句子功能2.主语1.TobehereatChristmastimeismydream.2.Togoabroadishisdream.3.Tosayiseasy,todoisdifficult.〔这时可将其用形式主语it来替换〕ItismydreamtobehereatChristmastime.Itishisdreamtogoabroad.Itiseasytosay,itisdifficulttodo.

It’softendifficultformetodecidedwhattodo.3.宾语

Iwanttobuyacomputer.Shehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.Doyouconsideritbetternottogo?4.宾语补足语Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.Edison’smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.

wantsbtodo wishsbtodo

getsbtodo ordersbtodo

findsbtobe likesbtodo

wouldlikesbtodo helpsbtodo5.作宾语补足语不带to的情况:感觉动词、使役动词后面的to常省略，但是被动语态中的to不能省略Letmedoit.Isawhimcrossthestreet.常见动词有：使役动词:let,make,have感官动词:see,watch,hear,feel,listento,notice,observe比较：Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.Iheardhersinginthenextroom.6.状语(adverbial)HecametoshowmehisnewCDplayer.Iwenttheretoseemyteacher.ShecamebacktogetherEnglishbook.Theboywastoofrightenedtomove.(目的)(目的)(目的)〔结果〕7.表语Hisworkistofeedtheanimals.Herjobistolookafterthepatients.Mywishistobeascientist.8.定语Givemesomethingtodrink.Ihavetwobookstoread.Theyhavemuchfoodtoeat.Heaskedforaroomtolivein.Idon’thaveapentowritewith.Theiceishardenoughtoskateon.Heboughtatoytoplaywith.9.疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how加todo可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.Idon’tknowwhattodo.Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.Thequestioniswho(m)toask.(主语)(宾语)(宾语补足语)(表语)10.比较〔Compare〕Idon’tknowwhattodo.Idon’tknowhowtodoit.Idon’tknowwhattodoaboutit.11.Exercises:1.--You’vedoneverywellthistime. --It’sreallykind________. A.foryoutosaysoB.foryousayingso C.ofyoutosaysoD.ofyousayingso2.Itisbettertoloseone’slifethan_______. A.ifyouloseyourspirit B.losinghisspirit C.toloseone’sspirit D.yourspiritgettinglostCC12.3.–Ican’tworkinthisway. --Whynot_______itinsomeotherway? A.trytodo B.trydoing C.tryingtodo D.tryingdoing4.Sinceyoufinditdifficult_______adecision,you’dbetteradiscussion(讨论)withyourparents. A.reach;have B.reaching;have C.reach;having D.toreach;haveBD13.5.Myfatherhates(痛恨)_______.Heneverallowsme_______. A.tosmoke;tosmoke B.smoking;smoking C.smoke;smoking D.smoking;tosmoke6.Thegirlwasbeginning_______. A.getangry B.togetangry C.gettingangry D.angryDB14.7.Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow________. A.wheretochoose B.whichtochoose C.whattochoose D.tochoosewhich8.Thebagistooheavyforme_______. A.tocarryit B.nottocarryit C.tocarry D.nottocarry9.Theteacherwillteachhim_______. A.touse B.useit C.howtouseit D.uses BCC15.找出句子中的不定式，并说出作用：Ittakesyoutenminutestogetthere.Ihopetoseehimsoon.Hiswishistobecomeanartist.Peopleeattolive,butnotlivetoeat.Ihavealottotellyou.It’snotrighttobealwaysthinkingofoneself.Weoftenseehimplayfootball.定语主语状语表语宾语主语宾语补足语16.二不定式的两种性质a)回返性(不定式修饰的词是不定式动作逻辑上的宾语)

Doyouhaveanythingmoretosay?Thereisnothing

toworryabout.Let’sfindaroom

toputthebikein.Wehaven’tachair

tobeseatedin.Ihavealetter

towrite.Ihaveapen

towritewith.Ihavenoink

towritein.Ihavenopaper

towriteon.〔注意观察和思考〕17.b)时间性动词不定式与谓语动作同时发生:tobedoing

They’resaidtobebuildingabridge.Wedidn’texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.不定式后发生:todosthTheyinvitedustogotherenextweek.动词不定式先于谓语动作发生:tohavedoneHe’ssaidtohavewrittenanewnovel.I’msorrynottohavecomeonWednesday.18.三特殊的动词19.1).只能后接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词,常见的有：avoid防止，miss错过，putoff,delay,postpone[pə'sp-]推迟防止错过莫推迟suggest建议,practice练习，finish,complete建议练习早完成keep保持，imagine想像,can`tstand,can`thelp禁不住保持想象禁不住admit成认,deny否认,mind介意成认否认勿介意escape逃避,risk,excuse原谅逃避冒险可原谅giveup,quit放弃,envy妒忌,fancy,appreciate,enjoy喜欢放弃妒忌皆喜欢如：Ican’tavoidgoing．我不能不去。a)只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词20.

b)只能接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有1)manage尽量,prepare准备,fail失败尽量准备免失败2)choose,decide决定,determine决定,arrange安排早做选定好安排3)plan方案,seem看起来,refuse,decline拒绝方案看来又遭拒4),promise承诺,afford承诺无价却能买5)pretend,agree,expect假装同意共期待6)offer提供,demand要求,hope希望要求提供望不再

21.

四

注意几个容易混淆的短语1〕havesbdosth使某人做某事havesbdoingsth使某人不断做某事nothavesbdoingsth不允许某人做某事havesthtodosth有事情要做havesthdone2〕getsbtodosth使某人做某事getsbdoingsth使某人不停地做某事情getsthdone(vt)Hecouldn`tgethiscarstartedjustnow.getdoing(vi)Onceshegetstalking,it`shardtostopher.22.3)cease,start,begin,continue/deserve(值得,应得)todo=cease等+doing4)sb+need/wanttodosthsth+need/wantdoing5)consider(考虑)doing6)consider(认为)sb/sth+todosth7)feellikedoingsthdislikedoingsthwouldliketodosthlikedoing/todosthhatedoing/todosth8)beworthdoing=beworthytobedone/ofbeingdone

23.9)regrettodosthregretdoingsthstoptodosthstopdoingsthforgettodosthforgetdoingsthremembertodosthrememberdoingsthtrytodosthtrydoingsthgoontodosthgoondoingsth24.五“TO〞的省略(1)两个动词不定式由and、or、but、than、except等连接在一起时，第二个不定式常常省略toI’dliketoliedownandgotosleep.I’lldoanythingbutworkonafarm.Doyouwanttohavelunchnoworwaittilllater?It’seasiertopersuadepeoplethan(to)forcethem.25.(2)口语中，在come、go、run、hurryup等动词后，可用and代替表示目的的动词不定式

Come

andhaveadrink.Wouldyougo

andtellthemtoshutup?hadbetter(not)dosth.wouldratherdosth(thandosth)He’dratherwatchTVthangotoseeafilm.prefertodosthratherthandosth

Ratherthanwait,hepreferstogohomeonfoot.Why(not)dosth?

26.

(3)1)情感动词后:like,love,hate,expect,hope,wish,want,prefer,refuse,agree,try,mean等

2)接不定式做宾补:ask,tell,permit,allow,advise,warn,persuade等3)情感adj后:glad,happy,delighted,pleased等4).在haveto,oughtto,begoingto,usedto等后27.A:Wouldyouliketocometotheparty?B:I’dloveto(cometheparty)A:Wouldyoumindprintingthereportforme,MissGao?B:Notatall.I`d

begladto(printthereport).Shewantstogoalonebutherfatherwontallowherto.Ireallydidn’twanttogotherewithhim,butIhadto(gotherewithhim).28.但:不定式是"tobe..."或者"tohavedone时,那么be或者have要保存A:Areyoutheboss?B:No,andIdon`twanttobe(theboss.)Hehasntfinishedhishomeworkyetthoughheissupposedtohave(finishedhishomework.)--Areyouateacher?—No,butIusedtobe(ateacher).Johndidn’tcome,butheoughttohave(come).29.六动词不定式的复合结构forsbtodosthIt’samistakeforusnottohelpthem.Thecoffeewastoohotformetodrink.

It’s+adj.+ofsbtodosth(kind,nice,brave,stupid,clever,etc.)It’skin