适航专业飞操-飞机飞行操纵系统与液压系统

适航专业------飞机飞行操纵系统与液压系统Fromtheviewof

powerEnergyoccursindifferentforms

in

an aircraft.Themajor amountofpowerisrequiredinform

of

thrust toovercometheaircraftweightanddragwhileflyinga

specificmission.1，简介--飞机飞行原理Fromtheviewof

controlStability–Controllability-

SafetyPerformance:longdistance,heavyload,highspeed,highaltitude,lesspowerloss(saving-power),environmentalfriendly,andso

onSystem

engineeringPilot--Flightcontrol

system--AircraftPilot instruments

+subsystems(incockpit--

interface)Human-machine:closed-loop

systemPilot-in-the-loop airplaneplaneAutomationparts+airplane==equivalent

airplaneSubsystems:such

asEnginesystem,fuelsystem,hydraulicandpneumaticsystem,electricalsystem,Landinggearsystem,Environmentcontrolsystem,Iceandrainprotectionsystem,Flightcontrol

systemPrimarycontrolsystemandsecondarycontrol

system2，飞行操纵系统介绍飞机飞行操纵系统重要性Flightcontrolsystem-thosecomponents

andelementsthatinteracttoprovidepilotwithabilitytocontrolaircraftduringtakeoff,flight,landing,and

taxiing–Includescockpitcontrols,transmittingelements,controlsurfaceactivatingdevices,andfeedbackelements即:

座舱控制,操纵传动,可控舵面驱动机构以及反馈部件液压系统座舱驾驶盘人感机构液压系统传动机构舵机飞操发展Mechanical

Controls(机械操纵)Hydraulic-Assisted

&Power-Control(助力操纵)Regulationsupdatedtoaccommodatechanges适航条例与时俱进Fly-by-Wire

(FBW)(电传操纵)Stabilityand

ControlAugmentation

Controls(增益操纵)简单机械操纵系统助力机械操纵系统增稳操纵系统电信号电传操纵系统Thepilotmovesthecockpitcontrol,whichisconnectedtocontrolvalve.Dependingontheamountofvalvemovement,hydraulicfluidunderpressuremovestotheappropriatesideoftheoperatingjackwhichisconnectedtothecontrolsurface.全权限的“电信号系统+控制增稳”的飞行操纵系统。Reliabilityand

redundancySchematicofFly-by-lightflightcontrol

systemLight-wiremixed

FCS飞行控制计算机指令光导纤维O/E舵机驾驶杆/脚蹬力变换器计算机

E/O接口伺服放大器光位移传感器O/E光导纤维Evolutionofflightcontrolsystems

(Signaling)与飞操交叉的系统工程Systems

engineer:Mechanical,hydraulicand

electricalportionsofflightcontrol

systemAirframe

engineer:StructuralportionsofFCS,

includingstructuralaspectsofhydraulicparts(e.g.,strengthof

actuators)Flightcontrol

interfaces:--Autopilot,FMS,navigation,

displays3，飞机液压系统Hydraulicsystemsand

componentsThecommoncomponentsofhydraulicsystems

are:comprisedoftwo

parts:thepowersystem,

andtheactuatingsystempartoftheoverallhydraulicsystem.Reservoir:closed-loop,storingthe

oilPumps:generatethehydraulicenergyfrommechanical

typePressureregulator:hydraulicpressurerateand

stableAccumulator:make-up,damper

(shock-absorber)Checkvalve:fluidflow

directionReliefvalve:protecttheworkingpressurewithinthe

suitablerangeSelector,controltheoilflowinoroutfromthetwo

chambersActuator,activatethesurfacebyoutputforceconverted

fromhydraulic

energy.Q:Ifanelectricalsystemwereusedinsteadofahydraulicsystem,Howto

configurate?Ageneratorwouldtaketheplaceofthe

pump,andamotorwouldtaketheplaceoftheactuatingcylinder.Accumulator-battery;Voltageregulator-pressure

regulatorValve-switchReservoir-earth

point飞操设计规则1, Redundancy,reliability,

detectability2, Primary

control

systems主操纵系统特点–Rapidandlargechangesinaircraft

attitude余度,

可靠性,

可检测性Secondary

control

systems辅助操纵特点–Sloworsmallchangesinaircraft

controls3, Considerstructuralload&systemdesign

requirementstogether 结构载荷与系统性能4, Automatic

control

systems

–

自动控制Flight

control

systems–人工操纵5, Moderncontrol

synthesis现代飞行控制综合: 增稳与自动驾驶综合 飞控与飞行管理综合Poweredcontrol

failure-redundancyIntheeventofafailureofthepowercontrolsystemsome

formofbackupmustbe

provided.1,backup-components+2,

backup-systemsThereisredundancytothesystembyhavingmultiple

hydraulicjacksdrivenfromseparatehydraulicsystems,eachhydraulicsystemhavingitsownpower

source.Someaircraftswhichareapprovedforextendedrangeoperation(EROPS),suchastheB

767-300

ER, havethreeseparatehydraulicsystemsfortheprimaryflightcontrols

toprovidemultiple

redundancy.在适航条例中,避免灾难性的单体故障是重要的,基本的针对飞行操纵系统的设计规定2套液压系统2套电气系统Flightcontrolactuationalsomovestowarda"moreelectricaircraft“or“all-electricaircraft”.TheAirbusA380isthefirstcommercialaircrafttouseelectricallysuppliedactuatorsforprimaryflightcontrolactuation.(EHAor

EMA)Incombinationwiththe2H-2Epower

distributionarchitecture,followingfigurethese

actuatorsareusedasbackupandallowtocanceloneof

thethreehydraulic

circuits.CCAR-25

我国运输类飞机适航标准中:A

分部:

总则B

分部:

飞行-

操纵性与机动性C

分部:

结构-操纵面和操纵系统载荷,地