2023年名校版高考英语阅读理解冲刺训练题库含答案

2023年名校版高考英语阅读理解

冲刺精选训练题库含答案

Childrenaren1ttheonlyoneswhocanbenefitfrom

naps.Afterhoursofworking,manyadultsfeelsleepyatnoon

andfindthemselvesindesperateneedofarecharge.Butinstead

ofgrabbingacupofcoffee,itmaybemoreworthwhileto

combatsleepinesswithsleep.

Apowernapcan"providetherefreshmentyouneedifyou'

restrugglingtostayalertorhaven,thadagoodnight1ssleep

explainsRebeccaRobbins,asleepscientist.Apowernap"gives

peoplethechancetorestforashortperiodoftimetoboost

workplaceproductivityJshesays,buttheyareonlybeneficial

whentheyaredonecorrectly.

Howlongshouldapowernapbe?Sleepexpertssaythat

powernapsshouldbequickandrefreshingtoincreasealertness

throughouttheday.HYoudon,thavetogotosleepfully,"says

JamesMaas,aformerprofessorandchairofpsychologyat

CornellUniversitywhocoinedthetermpowernap"morethan

50yearsago."It'sanopportunitytoshutyoureyes,breathe

slowlyandrecharge."Formostpeople,15minutesshouldbe

enoughtopowerthroughtherestoftheworkday.However,

Maascautionsthatlengthiernapsarecounterproductive（适得其

反的）andevenharmful,"Nevernapfor60minutes.Ifyou

power-napanytimelongerthan40minutes,youzregoingto

wakeupfeelingdizzyforanotherhourorso."

ShelbyHarris,aclinicalpsychologist,addsthatthebesttime

tohaveyourpowernapisbetween1p.m.and3p.m.,because

nappinganylaterintheday“caninterferewithyoursleepat

night."

Incontrasttocoffeeorsoda,whichislikelyto"damageyour

sleepatnightandonlyoffershorttermenergyforabout30

minutes,"Robbinssaysapowernapisahealthieralternativeto

improveworkplaceperformance,strengthenmemoryandboost

creativity.Harrisaddsnapshavelong-termhealthbenefitstoo,

suchasimprovingyourmoodandaidinginstressmanagement.

MPowernapscanreduceaccidentsandmistakeswhilealso

improvingattention,alertness,concentrationand

performance.Theycanevenbeusedeffectivelytocombat

drowsydrivingwhenashortnapistakenjustbeforegetting

behindthewheel,"shesays.

28.Howcanwefightsleepinessafterhoursofworkingatnoon?

A.Bydrinkingacupofcoffee.

B.Byhavingapowernap.

C.Bygettingagoodnight*ssleep.

D.Bylisteningtomusic.

29.Whichisthebestchoiceforapowernap?

A.15minutesbetween1a.m.and3a.m.

B.15minutesbetween2p.m.and3p.m.

C.40minutesbetween1a.m.and3a.m.

D.40minutesbetween2p.m.and3p.m.

30.WhatdoRobbinsandHarrismainlyconvey?

A.Thebenefitsofpowernaps.

B.Thedamagecoffeeandsodadotoyou.

C.Meansofreducingaccidentsandmistakes.

D.Waystoimproveworkplaceperformance.

31.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.PowerNaps1Cons

B.TheBenefitsofCoffee

C.WhenWeShouldTakeaPowerNap

D.HowtoBenefitfromaPowerNap

BBAD

NewresearchsuggeststhatpollutionfromtheIndustrial

Revolutiontraveledover6,000milesfromLondontoa

Himalayanmountain.

Researchersstudiedanicecore（冰芯）thatwasfromthe

highestpeakeverdrilled.ThesiteonMountShishapangmasits

at23,600feetabovesealevel.Theirgoalwastofindiftherewas

effectofhumanactivities.Whenanalyzinganddatingtheice,

theyfoundunnaturallyhighlevelsofmetals,whichstartedinthe

1780sduringtheIndustrialRevolution.Thepollutantsarelikely

ashfromLondonfactories,orfromforestfiressettoclearland

foragrowingpopulation.

Theobviousquestionishowtheashfounditswayintothis

glacier（冰HI）.PaoloGabrielli,thestudy'sleadauthor,thinksthe

ashenteredtheupperatmosphere.Fromthere,windsthattravel

aroundtheglobefromWesttoEastblewitallthewaytothe

Himalayas.

Icecoreslikethisare"frozenarchives（档案）ofthepast"and

containahistoryofthetemperatureoftheplanet."Wecount

annuallayersbetween1500CEand1992.Atthebeginningofour

record,wedidn'tobserveanykindofhumancontributioninour

ice.Andthislasteduntilabouttheyear1780Gabrielliexplained.

“Theicesamplestellstoriesthathaveeffectcoveringthewhole

world,becauseregionswherewetookthesesamplesaresofar

fromlocalpollutant-producingareaslikevillages,industriesand

forests/*

Thisfindingisnotthefirsttimeicecoreshaverevealedsigns

ofhumanactivitiesfromthepast.Apreviousstudyshowedthata

glacierintheAndesMountainsofSouthAmericaborethings

likeleadandarsenic.depositedinthe16thcentury.Also,oneice

corefromtheAlpsrevealedEuropeansmass-producingsilver

between640CEand660,releasingleadasasideeffect.

"Wehaveharmedeventhemostremoteareasofthe

world.Andso,atthistime,there1smostlikelynoglacieronearth

thatdoesn,tshowourpresenceJsaidGabrielli.

32.Whydidresearchersbegintoanalyzetheicecore?

A.Tofindwhaticecoreshadgonethrough.

B.TodatewhentheHimalayaswaspolluted.

C.Toseewhetherhumanshadaffectedtheice.

D.Toexplorehowtheashgotintotheglacier.

33.WhatdothepollutedicecoresshowaccordingtoGabrielli?

A.Pollutionhasaglobalinfluence.

B.Glaciershavebeenpollutedsince1500.

C.Temperatureishigheryearbyyear.

D.Pollutantswerefromfactoriesandfires.

34.Howdoestheauthorprovehispointinparagraph5?

A.Bymakingasummary.

B.Byprovidingexamples.

C.Bydrawingcomparisons.

D.Byexplainingaphenomenon.

35.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.IceCores:FrozenArchivesofGlaciers'Past

B.HumansHavingInfluenceonAllGlaciersonEarth

C.IndustrialRevolutionPollutionFoundinHimalayanIce

D.AncientAsh:WitnesstotheIndustrialRevolution

cABc

Alittlekidislookingatanewpicturebook.Suddenlyitpoints

toapictureandshouts“chair”.Thekidmakestherightcall,

butthatdoesnotseemparticularlyinterestingtous.We

recognizeallkindsofchairsas“chair"withoutanydifficulty.For

akid,however,thisisahugelearningprocess.ltmustassociate

thechairpicturedinthebookwiththechairsithasalready

known-eventhoughtheymayhavedifferentshapesor

colors.Howdoesthechilddothat?

Theansweriscategorization.Everytimeachildmeetsachair,

itstorestheexperience.Basedonsimilaritiesbetweenthechairs,

thechild1sbrainwillabstractthecharacteristicsandfunctionsof

chairsbyformingthecategory“chair”.Thisallowsthechildto

laterquicklylinknewchairstothecategoryandtheknowledgeit

contains.

Ourbraincategorizescontinuously."Withoutcategorization,

wewouldnotbeabletointeractwithourenvironmentas

efficientlyaswedo,"PieterGoltstein,aseniorprofessorsays.In

otherwords:Wewouldhavetolearnforeverynewchairwe

meetthatwecansitonit."Butthegeneralprocessesof

categorizationinthebrainarelargelyunknown,"headds.

Somescientiststestedwhethermicecategorizeinaway

similartous.Todoso,theyshowedmicedifferentpicturesof

differentpatternsandgavethemasortingrule.Themicewere

abletolearntheruleandreliablysortedthegivenpatternsinto

thecorrectcategory.Theyevenputpatternstheyhadnotseen

beforeintothecorrectcategories.Therefore,thestudy

demonstratesforthefirsttimehowwellmicecategorizeand

approachourabilityforabstraction.

Theresearchersfoundthatcertainneurons（神经元）inabrain

areabecameactivewhenthemicesortedthe

patterns.Interestingly,differentgroupsofneuronsreacted

selectivelytoindividualcategories.Afterobservingtheactivityof

suchneuronsfromthebeginningtotheendofcategory

learning,theresearchersfoundthattheneuronsdidn,tacquire

theirselectivit