华东师范大学外语学院244二外英语历年考研真题及详解

目录

2003年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解

2004年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解

2005年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解

2006年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解

2007年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解

2008年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解

2009年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解

2010年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解

2011年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解

2012年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解

2003年华东师范大学244二外英语

考研真题及详解

Ⅰ.Vocabulary(10%)

Directions:ChoosethebestONEanswertofillintheblankwithor

replacetheunderlinedpartineachofthesentences.

1.Muchtoourdelight,fruitsaresoabundantthatthepricesofthemno

longer_____greatly.

A.modify

B.fluctuate

C.convert

D.flourish

【答案】B

【解析】句意：令我们高兴的是，水果是如此的丰富，其价格不会

再大幅度地波动。fluctuate波动。modify修改。convert改变。flourish繁

荣。

2.Ourcompany_____afterlongnegotiationstobuildadouble-purpose

bridgeacrosstheriver.

A.contacted

B.consulted

C.contracted

D.constructed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：经过漫长的谈判，我们公司承包建一座双用桥。

contract承包；订约。contact联系。consult请教；商议。construct建造。

3.WhenIreturnedverylateatmidnight,Ifoundtheliftinourbuilding

outof_____again.

A.order

B.function

C.work

D.practice

【答案】A

【解析】句意：当我深夜回来的时候，我发现我们楼里的电梯又出

了故障。outoforder出故障，为固定搭配。

4.Theoldmanhasaseriousheartattackandisdying,_____.

A.withoutbreath

B.underbreath

C.shortofbreath

D.belowbreath

【答案】C

【解析】句意：这位老人心脏病发作，奄奄一息，呼吸困难。short

ofbreath呼吸困难；呼吸急促。

5.Tomwasgreatlydisturbedbythebadnews,sothesentenceshewas

readingmadeno_____tohimthoughhewastryinghardtocompose

himself.

A.feeling

B.sense

C.message

D.meaning

【答案】B

【解析】句意：汤姆被听到的坏消息打断了思路，所以他正在读的

句子对他来说没有任何意义，尽管他努力地使自己镇定下来。makeno

sense毫无意义，为固定搭配。

6.Youcanbe_____thatyoursonwillattainhisgoalthroughhishard

working.

A.ensured

B.assured

C.insured

D.confirmed

【答案】B

【解析】句意：你放心，你的儿子一定会努力学习，达成目标。be

assuredthat...放心，为固定搭配。ensure确保。insure确保；给……保

险。confirm证实。

7.Therewasathicksnowinthestreet,butwhenthesuncameout,the

snowbeganto_____.

A.dissolve

B.melt

C.vanish

D.disappear

【答案】B

【解析】句意：街上雪很厚，但太阳出来时，雪就开始融化了。

melt融化。dissolve溶解。vanish消失。disappear消失。

8.Marytriedinvainto_____herbossintolettingherhaveaholiday.

A.tempt

B.convince

C.impose

D.reason

【答案】D

【解析】句意：玛丽努力劝说老板让她去度假，没有成功。reason

sb.intodoingsth.说服某人做某事。tempt诱惑。convince使信服。impose

把……强加于。

9.It’simpossibleforthetwocompaniestoco-operatewitheachother

becausethereisabasic_____ofinterestbetweenthem.

A.conflict

B.contradiction

C.contest

D.competition

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这两家公司不可能相互合作，因为他们之间有根本

的利益冲突。conflictofinterest利益冲突，为固定搭配。

10.Thecommitteelearnedalessonfromthedisturbancethat_____

decisionsoftenledtobitterregrets.

A.instant

B.urgent

C.hasty

D.prompt

【答案】C

【解析】句意：委员会从这次混乱中吸取到了教训：草率的决定会

导致痛苦的懊悔。hastydecision草率的决定，为固定搭配。hasty草率

的。instant立即的。urgent紧急的。prompt迅速的。

11.Oneoftheconsequencesofadvancedcognitiveabilityhasbeenthe

emergenceofculturallife.

A.pertinent

B.perceptive

C.compiling

D.commendable

【答案】B

【解析】句意：高级认知能力的一个后果就是文化生活的产生。

cognitive认知的。perceptive感知的。pertinent相关的。compiling编译。

commendable值得赞美的。

12.Inthatperiod,thesuperiorityofvirginityandsexualabstinenceover

marriagewasgenerallytakenforgranted.

A.restriction

B.desire

C.temptation

D.prohibition

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在那个时期，贞洁和节制性欲的优越性通常被认为

是理所当然的。abstinence节制。restriction限制；约束。desire欲望。

temptation引诱。prohibition禁止。

13.Thegiftedboyhaswonthebigprize,ashehasagreatfacultyfor

playingthepiano.

A.teachingstaff

B.naturalability

C.unsatisfiableambition

D.proficientskill

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这个有天赋的小男孩赢得了大奖，因为他有弹钢琴

的才能。faculty强调人天生就有的才能。naturalability天生的能力。

teachingstaff教职人员。unsatisfiableambition不可满足的野心。proficient

skill熟练的技能。

14.Whenthebombexplodedinthesquare,crowdsofpeoplefledfrom

thereandseveralwomenandchildrenweretrampledtodeath.

A.squeezed

B.crashed

C.stamped

D.squashed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：当炸弹在广场爆炸时，人们从那里逃了出来，有几

个妇女和儿童被踩踏致死。trample踩；践踏。stamp用脚踩踏。squeeze

挤；压榨。crash撞碎；坠毁。squash压碎；挤压。

15.I’mquitehesitantaboutwhethertoacceptthejob.Isupposemy

decisionwilltoalargedegreedependonthesentimentIhaveformyfamily

here.

A.feeling

B.conception

C.idea

D.fascination

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我很犹豫是否要接受这份工作，我想我的决定很大

程度上取决于我对我家人的感情。sentiment感情；情绪。feeling感觉；

感情。conception设想；概念。idea想法。fascination魅力。

16.Chinawilllaunchamannedsatellitewithinthreeorfouryearsto

makeaprobeofthemoon.

A.invasion

B.examination

C.explanation

D.exploration

【答案】D

【解析】句意：中国将在三、四年内发射一颗载人卫星，对月球进

行探测。probe探测。exploration探测。invasion入侵。explanation解释。

17.IfyourIDcardexpired,you’llhavetogetanewone.

A.isoverdue

B.comestoanend

C.isvalid

D.getslost

【答案】A

【解析】句意：如果你的身份证过期了，你就必须去办一张新的。

expire期满；终止。beoverdue过期的。cometoanend结束。bevalid有效

的。getlost丢失。

18.Mostofusdon’tthinkthattheelderlypresidentwillbeinaugurated

forhisthirdterm.

A.putintooffice

B.reelected

C.terminated

D.usheredin

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我们大多数人认为这个年迈的总统不会迎来他的第

三个任期。inaugurate使正式就任。getreelected获得连任。terminate终

止。usherin开辟。

19.Dirtaccumulatesveryfastifonedoesn’tcleanthehouseeveryday.

A.evaporates

B.absorbs

C.heapsup

D.concentrates

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果每天不打扫房子，那么很快就会积尘。

accumulate积累。heapup堆积。evaporate蒸发。absorb吸收。concentrate

集中。

20.Inthestudyof3,250depressedpatients,only2.4percent

experiencedsideeffects.Thoseincluderestlessness,gastrointestinal

irritationsandmildallergicreactions.

A.sentimental

B.sensational

C.sensitive

D.sentiment

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在对3250名抑郁症患者的调查中，只有2.4%的患者

有过副作用，包括坐立不安、肠胃不适以及轻微的过敏反应。allergic

对……过敏的。sensitive易受伤害的；易受影响的。sentimental多愁善感

的。sensational轰动的；耸人听闻的。sentiment感情。

Ⅱ.Structure(10%)

Directions:Choosethebestoneanswertoeachofthesentences.

21.Theschoolauthorities_____,therewouldbeanopenairpartywith

livemusicsoon.

A.permit

B.permits

C.permitted

D.permitting

【答案】D

【解析】句意：学校当局允许的话，那么很快就会举办一次有现场

音乐的露天派对。独立主格结构作条件状语，且表主动，故选D。

22.Thepopulationofmanywesterncitieshas_____doubledinthepast

tenyears.

A.largerthan

B.morethan

C.asgreatas

D.asmuchas

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在过去的十年里，西方人口增长了一倍多。more

than表示“多于；超出”，在这里做副词，修饰double。

23.Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult,_____heislikelyto

smileandreachouttoanotherinfant.

A.if

B.whereas

C.sowhat

D.whenever

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一个婴儿可能会表现出对一个不熟悉的成年人的恐

惧，然而他会微笑并与另一个婴儿接触。whereas然而，表转折。

24.Mr.Smithisquitecertainthat_____todothisinperson,hewould

finditdifficulttoexpresshimselfwithoutlosinghispatience.

A.werehetotry

B.wouldhetry

C.washetrying

D.ifhetries

【答案】A

【解析】句意：史密斯先生十分确定，如果他努力亲自去做这件

事，他会发现自己很难在不失去耐心的情况下表达自己。此句为虚拟语

气，省略if，将were提前，表示和现在相反的事实。

25._____sherealizeditwasnecessaryforhertoreturnhome.

A.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan

B.Hardlyitgrewdarkwhen

C.Itwasnotuntildarkthat

D.Itwasuntildarkthat

【答案】C

【解析】句意：一直到天黑，她才意识到她该回家了。Itwas...that...

为强调句型，与notuntil的搭配一般为：Itwas/is+notuntil+被强调的部

分+that从句，意为“直到……才……”。

26.Wecouldseethevalley_____inthesunshine.

A.lyingpeaceful

B.layingpeaceful

C.lyingpeacefully

D.layingpeacefully

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我们可以看到山谷静静地躺在阳光下。seesb./sth.

doingsth.看见某人某物正在做某事。lie的现在进行时为lying。

27.Mr.Blackisn’tascapableapersonasisexpected,so_____willhe

beabletoregaincontroloftheboard.

A.withhardwork

B.muchhardwork

C.onlyifheworkshard

D.ifonlyheworkshard

【答案】C

【解析】句意：布莱克先生的能力不如预期，所以只有努力工作，

他才能重新获得董事会的控制权。onlyif只有，表条件关系，放在句

首，从句用倒装。

28.Whatheusuallydoesandsays_____witheachother.

A.don’tagree

B.doesn’tagree

C.didn’tagree

D.isn’tagreeing

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他通常做的和说的不一致。what引导主语从句，但

表示“做的”和“说的”两个方面，为复数意义，故谓语动词用复数。

29.Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects_____inboththe

UnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1990.

A.havebeenconducting

B.wereconducting

C.hadbeenconducted

D.wasconducted

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在1990年之前，美国和欧洲都进行了关于移动物体

摄影的实验。实验应该是被做，故用被动语态，且事情发生在1990年之

前，是过去的过去，故用过去完成时的被动语态。

30.Theyleftthemeetingroom,_____thattherewouldbenogood

result.

A.convincing

B.convinced

C.believed

D.believedin

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他们离开会议室，确信不会有好的结果发生。

convince使确信，因此当人做主语时，应用被动语态convinced，做伴随

状语。

31.It’sabitexpensive,butyouget_____.

A.yourmoneyworth

B.yourworthmoney

C.yourmoney’sworth

D.yourworthofmoney

【答案】C

【解析】句意：这个是贵了点，但你这钱花的值。getyourmoney’s

worth钱花得值，为固定搭配。

32.Isthis_____voicethatwehear?

A.aboyoragirl’s

B.aboy’soragirl’s

C.aboy’soragirl

D.ofaboyoragirl

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这是我们听到的男孩或者女孩的声音吗？在符合名

词或短语中，所有格加在最后一个名词词尾。

33.Thegirltoldme_____wouldcometotheparty,butonlyafew

showedup.

A.manyJanefriends

B.manyJane’sfriend

C.manyofJane’sfriends

D.manyfriendsofJane

【答案】C

【句意】句意：那个女孩告诉我，简的许多朋友都会来派对，但只

来了几个。此处为双重所有格，of+名词’s所有格，为固定搭配。

34.TheVanguardisa_____,isn’tit?

A.Sundaypaper

B.Sunday’spaper

C.paperofSunday

D.paperSunday

【答案】A

【解析】句意：《先锋》是周日刊，不是吗？Sundaypaper周日刊，

为固定搭配。

35.Itsuddenlydawned_____methatIhadbeenmadefunof.

A.upon

B.to

C.for

D.at

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我突然意识到我被取笑了。Itdawnsuponsb.that...某

人开始明白，为固定搭配。

36.Therewassilenceforafewmoments,thenLiHua,mycolleague,

cameout_____amostvaluableproposal.

A.for

B.with

C.of

D.on

【答案】B

【解析】句意：沉默了一会，然后我的同事李华提出了一条最有价

值的建议。comeoutwith表示“说出；提出”，为固定搭配。

37.AsIamheradviser,IthinkI_____tellherthenews.

A.need

B.will

C.may

D.oughtto

【答案】D

【解析】句意：因为我是她的顾问，我想我应该告诉她这个消息。

oughtto意为“应该”，一般出于法令规则、行为准则和道德责任等客观情

况。

38.They_____,buttheyfailedintheend.

A.hopedtosucceed

B.hopedtohavesuccess

C.hopedtobesucceeded

D.hopedtohavesucceeded

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他们希望能成功，但最终还是失败了。hopedtohave

done=hadhopedtodosth.表示过去未曾实现的希望，为固定用法。

39._____thepitontheroad,thebuswashalted.

A.Havingspotted

B.Thedriverspotting

C.Afterspotting

D.Thedriverspotted

【答案】B

【解析】句意：司机发现了路上的一个坑，停下了公共汽车。此处

为独立主格结构，因为是司机发现情况，是主动语态，故选B。

40.Sincethereissomethingwrongwithhislungs,hedecidestolimit

himself_____5cigarsaday.

A.tosmoke

B.onsmoke

C.tosmoking

D.onsmoking

【答案】C

【解析】句意：因为他的肺出了问题，所以他决定限制自己每天只

抽5根雪茄。limitoneselftodoingsth.表示“限制自己在做某事的范围

内”，为固定搭配。

Ⅲ.Cloze(10%)

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblank

thereareFOURchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDontherightsideofthepaper.

YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkthe

correspondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthe

center.

Adictionarysaysthatagreenhouseisa“temperateconservatoryfor

growingplants”andthataconservatoryisa“glasshouse”.Agreenhouseisa

buildingmadealmostentirelyofglass.Which(41)_____heatandisusedfor

growingplants.Theleavesoftheplantsgivethebuildingagenerally(42)

_____appearanceinside,andthis,presumably,givesrisetoitsname.Ican

onlyassumethatwedonotcallita“glasshouse”thesedaysasthisisthe(43)

_____giventoanarmyprison.Thename“conservatory”isnowgiventoa

glassbuilding(44)_____totheoutsidewallofahouse,andforgrowing

indoorplantsorasawarm,relaxing(45)_____roomtothehome.Itiswarm

becauseglassallowstheraysofthesuntopassthrough,but(46)_____the

heattryingtoescape.

Perhapsyouhavenoticedhowhotitbecomesina(47)_____carona

sunnyday,evenwhenthetemperatureoutsideislow.Thesun’srayspass

throughthewindscreenandare(48)_____bytheseatsofthecar.Theserays

warmtheseats,which(49)_____radiatetheheatbackintothecar.Theheat

reachesthewindscreenandthewindows(50)_____cannotescapethrough

theglass.Thustheinsideofthe(51)_____warmsup.Thisisthewaythat

greenhousesheatup.

Theshort-waveradiationofthesunpassesthroughthe(52)_____walls

androofofthegreenhouseand(53)_____thefloor,shelves,plantpotsand

(54)_____elseinside.Thesewarmedobjectspassback(55)_____long-

waveradiationtheheattheyhavegained,andasthistriesto(56)_____most

ofitisblockedbytheglass.Sotheheatinside(57)_____.Atnight,withno

extrasunentering,theheat(58)_____escapes,throughtheglass,orthrough

thevarious(59)_____aroundthedoorandwindows,orbybeingabsorbed

intothe(60)_____ofthebuilding.

41.A.conserves

B.confuses

C.controls

D.converts

42.A.glorious

B.gloomy

C.green

D.golden

43.A.order

B.title

C.right

D.name

44.A.attached

B.responded

C.devoted

D.contributed

45.A.inner

B.extra

C.mutual

D.magic

46.A.violates

B.blocks

C.upsets

D.reflects

47.A.parking

B.parked

C.coating

D.coated

48.A.absorbed

B.attracted

C.abandoned

D.aroused

49.A.aboveall

B.ofcourse

C.inturn

D.atonce

50.A.but

B.even

C.and

D.so

51.A.greenhouse

B.vehicle

C.glasshouse

D.conservatory

52.A.rubber

B.fabric

C.glass

D.metal

53.A.heat

B.heated

C.heating

D.heats

54.A.somewhere

B.something

C.everywhere

D.everything

55.A.as

B.like

C.for

D.such

56.A.evolve

B.emerge

C.escape

D.exhaust

57.A.shutsoff

B.buildsup

C.goesout

D.moveson

58.A.finally

B.eventually

C.particularly

D.invisibly

59.A.mats

B.sprays

C.gaps

D.spots

60.A.foundation

B.property

C.establishment

D.operation

【答案与解析】

41.A温室由玻璃制成的主要目的是储存热量，用于植物生长。

42.C“greenhouse”名字的由来，就是因为植物的叶子使温室里呈现

一片绿色。

43.D温室不再被成为“玻璃房”的原因是：军队中的监狱被称为玻

璃房，即这是监狱的名字。

44.A温室是指一种贴着房子外部的由玻璃制成的建筑。attachto

贴；连接；依附。

45.B温室还可以作为一个温暖的、令人放松的额外空间。

46.B温室玻璃会阻挡住想要跑出去的热量。

47.B这里指停着的车在太阳下内部温度会很高，这样才能够长时

间的吸收太阳光，使温度升高。

48.A车的座位会吸收太阳光的射线，使温度升高。

49.Cinturn反过来。指车座吸收的热量会反过来释放到车内部。

50.A热量会触及车窗及挡风玻璃，但是不能扩散出去。

51.B这里指车内部变得温暖起来。vehicle车辆；交通工具。

52.C温室的原理和车内部温度升高一样，太阳射线穿过玻璃墙和

温室顶部。

53.D穿进去的太阳射线使地面、架子和花盆等变热。heat和前面

的passes为并列关系，故时态应该一致。

54.D穿进去的太阳射线也使其他别的东西温度升高。

55.A这些温度升高了的物体会以长波辐射的形式释放出它们获得

的热量。as作为……。

56.C这些释放出的热量会想要扩散出去，但是会受到玻璃墙的阻

挡。escape逃跑。

57.B这些扩散不出去的热量就开始积聚起来，使温度升高。build

up增进；加强。

58.D到了晚上，这些热量会悄悄地跑出去，而这是不可见的。

invisibly看不见地；看不出地。

59.C到了晚上，这些热量会从门窗的缝隙扩散出去。

60.C这些热量除了扩散出去，还会被建筑当中的各种设施吸收。

establishment设施；建立的东西。

Ⅳ.Readingcomprehension(30%)

Directions:Thereare6readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageis

followedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthere

arefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice

andmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingleline

throughthecentre.

PassageOne

Amongthemostspectacularvisionsintheskyistheglowingtrailofa

balloffrozengasescommonlyknownascomet.Cometsarecomprisedof

water,ammonia,methane,andcarbondioxideandareheldtogetherbysmall

fragmentsofrockandmetallicmaterials.Theyarecreatedinouterspace,

beyondthereachesofoursolarsystem.Theyareseenfairlyinfrequentlybut

arenonethelessplentiful-inwhattimeperiod.

Cometsappearsmallbutareinfactenormous.Somearelargerthanthe

sun,butmostareapproximatelythesizeofJupiter.Manycometsfollow

elongatedorbitsandarevisibleonlywhentheyarewithinSaturn’sorbit.As

cometstravelthroughthesolarsystemtowardthesun,solarenergyvaporizes

theirgases,producingablazinghead,calledthecoma.Somecometsalso

developatail,whichcanextendmillionsofmiles.Despitetheirlargescale,

cometsarebelievedtoweighrelativelylittleprobablylessthanone-billionth

theearth’smass.

Earlyastronomersfoundthatascometsorbitedthesun,atailwas

createdassolarenergyforcedthecoma’sparticlesout.Today’sscientists

haveconfirmedthesebeliefs,andhavefurtheridentifiedtwosolarforcesat

workinthecreationofacometstail,radiationpressureisresponsiblefor

pushingthedustparticlesawayfromthecoma,andsolarwindmovesthe

coma’sionizedgases.

Asthecomettravelsawayfromthesun,thetailbeginstodisappeardue

tocondensationofthegases.Oncethesegasesarcseparatedfromthecornet,

theyarelostforever.Asaresult,mostcometssurviveonly100timesclose

orbitsofthesun.Whenallthecomet’sgaseshavebeenreleased,allthatis

leftofthecometisabundleofstoneandmetalparticles,whichcontinuesto

orbitwithoutacomaortail.

PerhapsthemostfamouscometisHalley’scomet,whichappearsonce

every76years.TheChinesehaverecordedallofHalley’sappearancessince

240B.C.thecomets1910sightingwasremarkableforitsclearvisibility;it

couldbeseenindaylight,andwasobservedtohavedevelopedatailnearly

onemillionmileslong.The1986appearanceofHalleyscometwas

disappointingbecauseitwasextremelydifficulttoseefromtheNorthern

hemisphere.However,Halley’snextsightingisexpectedtobespectacularin

theyear2062.

61.Theauthorwillprobablyagreetowhichofthefollowing

statements?

A.Cometsarenotoftenseenbecausethereareonlyafewinthespace.

B.Thecomponentsofacometcomefromtheparticlesofthesolar

system.

C.NotallofthecometscanbeobservednearSaturn’sorbit.

D.Mostofthecometsareseenonceevery76years.

62.Thecomet’scomaisdevelopedwhen_____.

A.thecometisbetweenJupiterandSaturn

B.thecomet’sorbittravelsthroughthesolarsystem

C.thecomet’sgasesaresteamedintovapor

D.thecometisintheSaturn’sorbit

63.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthecreationofthetailof

thecomet?

A.Thetailiscreatedoutofthecoma’sparticles.

B.Oneconditionofthecreationofthetailisthecometorbitsthesun.

C.Thecometmusttraveltowardsthesun.

D.Thefunctioningsolarforceincreatingthetailisgravitation.

64.Whenthecomethasfinisheditstravelthroughthesolarsystem,

_____.

A.itwillnevercomebackagain

B.itwillnotbecalledacomet

C.itscomaandtailwillbelost

D.allthatisleftwillbecomeameteor

65.Itcanbesuggestedthat_____.

A.theappearanceofHalley’scometcanonlybeobservedinoneplace

B.peoplemustobservecometsonlyatnight

C.observingHalley’scomethadlonginterestedtheChinese

astronomers

D.theappearanceofacometisalwayssatisfactory

【答案与解析】

61.C文章第二段第三句提到“Manycometsfollowelongatedorbits

andarevisibleonlywhentheyarewithinSaturn’sorbit.”可知，许多彗星只

有在土星轨道内运转时，才会被看到，但并不是指所有的彗星都能被看

到，而且在土星轨道附近并没有明确表示在轨道内，因此可能不会被看

到。

62.B文章第二段提到“Ascometstravelthroughthesolarsystem

towardthesun,solarenergyvaporizestheirgases,producingablazinghead,

calledthecoma.”可知，只有当彗星在太阳系内运动时，才会产生彗发。

63.D文章第三段提到“Today’sscientistshaveconfirmedthese

beliefs,andhavefurtheridentifiedtwosolarforcesatworkinthecreationof

acometstail,radiationpressureisresponsibleforpushingthedustparticles

awayfromthecoma,andsolarwindmovesthecoma’sionizedgases.”可

知，太阳能的力量主要是两个：一个是辐射压力，一个是太阳风，并不

是万有引力。

64.C文章第四段提到“Asthecomettravelsawayfromthesun,the

tailbeginstodisappearduetocondensationofthegases.”可知，当彗星开始

远离太阳时，彗星尾会开始消失。

65.C文章最后一段提到“TheChinesehaverecordedallofHalley’s

appearancessince240B.C.”可知，中国天文学家对于观察彗星一直以来

都有极大的兴趣。

PassageTwo

Whatdocats’eyesandhighwayreflectorsignshaveincommon?They

bothactsasretro-reflectors.

Almosteveryonehasnoticedtheeerie,frighteningappearanceof

animalsatnight,astheireyesseemtoglowinreflectedlight.Onemay

speculatethatjustasreflectivehighwaysignsalertthemotoristtomanyroad

hazards,soearlymanwasoftenwarnedofdangerbylightfromhiscampfire

reflectedintheeyesoflurkingpredators.Inbothcases,thelightisretro-

reflected,givingitaparticularlybrightappearance.

Theprinciplesofretro-reflectionhavebeenunderstoodforcenturies.

However,ithasonlybeenwithinthelastsixtyorseventyyears,withthe

widespreaduseoftheautomobile,thatthisareaofopticshasreceived

importantcommercialapplication.Today,therearemanyusesforretro-

reflectivematerials.Theyarepurchasedinverylargequantitiesby

governmentagenciesforuseonhighways.Theyareappliedtobicyclesand

motorvehiclestomakethemmorevisibleatnight.Andtheyassistpilotsby

improvingthevisibilityofrunwaymarkers.

Someusersforretro-reflectivematerialsarenotrelatedtosafety.For

example,thesematerialsplayakeyroleinhelpingrailroadslocateandmake

maximumuseoftheirrollingstock.Color-codedretro-reflectivenumerals,

strips,ordotsappliedtothesideofrailwayscarsidentifythecarsbytheir

individualinventorynumbersandbytheparticulartypeofcar.Optical

scanners“read”andrecordthisinformationasthetrainpassesby,thus

makingitpossibleforrailroadmanagementtolocateanindividualcarorto

determinethedistributionofboxcarsthroughouttherailnet-work.

Largesumsarespentonretro-reflectivematerials,butpurchasershave

oftenhadtroubledecidingwhichspecificmaterialswillgivetheoptimal

performance.Performanceisofconcernnotonlyfromthestandpointofthe

brightnessofreflectedlight,butalsofromthestandpointofitscolor.Itis

important,forexample,thattheyellowhuesusedinwarningsignalsbeof

consistentcolorqualityonallroadsignssothedrivercanrelyoncolor,as

wellasshape,todiscernthesign’smeanings.

Sevencolors—silver,blue,yellow,red,green,brown,andorange—are

currentlyusedformarkingtheinterstatehighwaysystem.Since1971,the

NationalBureauofStandardshasbeenworkingtodevelopinstrumentaltest

methodsthatcouldbeusedtoevaluatetheperformanceofretro-reflective

materialsandaidinthepreparationofspecificationsfortheirpurchase.

66.Thisarticleismainlyabout_____.

A.technologyinphotoelectriccells

B.retro-reflectionandtropisminanimalsandinsects

C.naturalandman-maderetro-reflection

D.howtomanufactureretro-reflectivematerials

67.WhichcanNOTbeprovedbytheauthoraccordingtothe

descriptionoftheretro-reflection?

A.Retro-reflectivematerialsareusedmainlytoavoidtrafficaccidents.

B.Retro-reflectivematerialsareabundantlyusedintrafficand

transportation.

C.Theimportantvalueofretro-reflectionowestotheinventionof

motorvehicles.

D.Themoreadvancedscienceandtechnologyis,themorecanbe

learnedfromnature.

68.Thearticlesuggeststhat_____.

A.thegovernmentagenciesaredevelopinginexpensiveretro-reflectors

B.thegovernmentmanufacturesretro-reflectivedevices

C.thegovernmentbuysretro-reflectivematerialsinlargenumbers

D.thegovernmentagenciesexportlargequantitiesofretro-reflective

materials

69.Wecanconcludefromthisarticlethat_____.

A.retro-reflectivematerialscanbepurchasedatmosthardwarestores

B.retro-reflectivematerialsgiveofflightinthedark

C.retro-reflectivematerialswillbeusedupsoon

D.theuseofretro-reflectivematerialsisbecomingwiderandwider

70.Accordingtothepassage,adifficulttaskfacingtheNationalBureau

ofStandardsprobablyis_____.

A.howtoexaminethepropertiesoftheretro-reflectivematerials

B.howtobudgetforthepurchaseofthefollowingyear

C.howtointegratethewarningsignalsintooneconsistentcolor

D.howtodifferentiatethesignals’meanings

【答案与解析】

66.C文章主要讲的是利用猫和其他一些动物的眼睛能反射光而发

明了一种应用于交通中的后反射材料。

67.D文章主要讲的是后反射材料如今被广泛应用于交通当中，并

不能推断出科技越发达，从自然当中学到的越多。

68.C文章第三段提到“Theyarepurchasedinverylargequantitiesby

governmentagenciesforuseonhighways.”可知，政府大量购买了这种后

反射材料。

69.D文章第三段提到“However,ithasonlybeenwithinthelastsixty

orseventyyears,withthewidespreaduseoftheautomobile,thatthisareaof

opticshasreceivedimportantcommercialapplication.Today,therearemany

usesforretro-reflectivematerials.”可知，由于车辆的增多，这种后反射材

料应用越来越广。

70.A文章第五段提到“Largesumsarespentonretro-reflective

materials,butpurchasershaveoftenhadtroubledecidingwhichspecific

materialswillgivetheoptimalperformance.Performanceisofconcernnot

onlyfromthestandpointofthebrightnessofreflectedlight,butalsofromthe

standpointofitscolor.”可知，美国国家标准局面临的难题是如何检验这

种材料的性能，从而达到最佳效果。

PassageThree

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandfor

luxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland.

McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm’sremarkablesuccessin

marketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationof

provincialtheater,musicalfestivals,andchildren’stoysandbooks.Whilethe

factofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestions

remain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatwere

theeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughit

hasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproduced

whatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,

onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswill

provideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhow

largethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscalethe

consumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislast

question,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoring

laboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,has

probablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsof

capitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeoplein

eighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brew