Unit+3+Grammar+and+usage+定语从句 高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册

Unit3GettingalongwithothersGrammarandusage定语从句英语的定语（attribute/modifier)一.什么是定语？定义：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。二、什么可以充当定语？通常由形容词、代词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或定语从句等担任。ObservingforrulesLead-inSheisabeautifulgirl.Amyisawomanteacher.Thegirlinredismysister.Ihavesomethingtosay.Theboymakingfaceismyson.Japanisadevelopedcountry.形容词名词介词短语不定式现在分词过去分词定语Whatisattributive(定语)?修饰、限定和说明名词或代词的词是定语。除了形容词可以充当定语之外，名词，代词，数词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等也可充当定语。5中文的定语位置？如：美丽的花园；采蘑菇的小姑娘；来自高一1班的学生；那个打篮球很棒的孩子；英语的定语位置？AbeautifulgardenAlittlegirlpickingupmushroomThestudentfromClassOneSenior1Thekidwhoisgoodatplayingbasketball一般前置Beforeorafter?整理ppt6三、定语的位置：定语的位置一般有两种：单词(adj.pron;n)作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语（介词短语和动词短语）、副词和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。friendlyThe

girlismyfriend.The

girlwhoisfriendlyismyfriend.跟在一个名词或代词后进行修饰限定的句子，就叫做定语从句。单词句子可以相互转换Theman

wholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行词定语从句所修饰的名词或代词关系词引导定语从句代替先行词在定语从句中担当一个成分(主、宾、定语)定语从句的结构定语从句修饰名词或代词紧跟在先行词后定语从句定义结构定语从句关系词修饰名词或代词的句子先行词关系词被修饰的名词或代词引导定语从句的关联词关系代词关系副词who/whom/that/whichwhosewhen/where/whyExploretherulesFindthesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesinthearticleonpage34.Arealfriendissomeonewhowalksin…

Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancount

on.Arealfriendissomeonewhoseesourtrueself……notjustthefacethatweshowtotheworld.…themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnected……thefriendswhomwelove.…thevalueswhichmattermosttous.…theconnectionwhichweshare.Haveatry指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语

定语宾语TheboywhobrokethewindowisTom.Heisthemanwhowearewaitingfor.Thisistheteacherwhomwelikebest.Observeandthink--whoandwhomwho指人，充当从句主语和宾语，whom指人，只充当从句宾语(可以省略)。宾语主语宾语whom用于指人，作宾语。Sheisthegirlwho/whomIwillgotoShanghaiwith.她就是要和我一起去上海的那个女孩。Theperson

towhomyoujusttalkedisMiss.Deng.刚刚和你谈话的人是邓女士。做宾语时可以用who替代，但是！但介词在关系代词前时，只能用介词+whomObserveandthink--thatandwhichAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.HeisthemanthatItoldyouabout.Heisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?that

指人或物，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）which指物，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略，若介词提前则不可省）主语宾语主语宾语注意：that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：Thecitythatshelives

inisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。thatObserveandthink--whoseThisisthebook

whosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.ThegirlwhosehairisgoldenisAmy.Thegirlofwhomthehairisgolden

isAmy.whose

表示先行词与whose后的名词为所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。可指人或物，可与ofwhich/whom互换。主句从句=thebook’s从句=thegirl’s指代内容所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法人；物物人人(人/物)的主语,宾语主语,宾语主语,宾语宾语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省不可省先行词被不定代词修饰或先行词是不定代词本身。All

thatcanbedonehasbeendone.先行词被形容词最高级修饰或先行词是形容词最高级本身。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Attention1.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般只用that而不用which。先行词被序数词修饰或先行词是序数词本身。。Thefirstthing

thatweshoulddoistoworkharderandharder.先行词既有人，又有物Wetalkedaboutthepersonandthings

thatweremembered.句中已有疑问词who或者which时，避免重复。Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech.先行词被表示特指的词修饰，如theonly,thesame,thevery等。ThenecklaceisnottheonlythingthatIlost.关系代词前有介词时。I’mlookingforaboxinwhichIcanputalltheseeggs.在非限制性定语从句中。MybrotherwenttoTsinghuaUniversity,whichweareallproudof.

先行词就是that时。Idon’tlikethat

whichhedid.关系代词后有插入语时。HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.2.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般只用which而不用that。1.Thisisall__________Iknowabouttheaccident.2.Heistheonlyman__________Icanfindforthework.3.Youmustwatcheverythingcarefully__________theteacherdoesinclass.4.Isthehouse___________hewantedtosellverybig?5.Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames__________Ihaveeverseen.6.Isawadeskon__________therewasabook.小试牛刀thatthatthatthat∕whichthatwhich当先行词为人称代词he，she，they或one,ones,anyone，nobody等指人的不定代词时。Hewhoplaysatrickmustbepreparedtotakeajoke.耍花招的人必定会受到戏弄。Thereisnobody

whohasnoshortcomings.没有缺点的人是没有的。One

whoputhisheartintoitissuretosucceed.专心致志的人一定会成功。3.that和who在指人的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般只用who而不用that。当指人的先行词是those，或者被those修饰的时候。Those

whoworkhardaresuretoearnmoremoney.工作努力的人一定挣更多钱。Heisoneofthosemen

whoalwaysmaketheworstoftheirtrouble.他是那些老是把困难往最坏处想的人之一。当指人的先行词是序数词或者被序数词修饰时。Heisthethirdman

whowitnessedthemurder.他是这起谋杀案第三位见证者。Therebe结构中先行词指人时。Thereisabeautifulgirl

whowantstoseeyou.有位漂亮的女孩想见你。如果开头的疑问代词是who，为了避免重复，定语从句用that引导。（在特殊疑问句中）Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate？当先行词为疑问代词who，which时。Who

thatknowshismisfortunecanhelpfeelinganinterestinhim？凡是了解她的不幸的人，谁能不关心他呢？4.that和who在指人的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般只用that而不用who。当关系代词在定语从句中作表语或者宾语补足语的时候，要用thatHeisnolongerthemanthat

hewas.他已经不是过去的他了。当先行词同时包含人和物的时候。Thebikeanditsrider

thathadrunover（撞倒）anoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.撞倒老人的自行车和车主已经被带到警察局。如何选用定语从句的关系词1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词代回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。Arestrictiverelativeclausemodifiesanoun,pronounornounphrasebeforeit.Weuserelativepronounsorrelativeadverbstointroducerestrictiverelativeclauses.Weuse(1)________forthings,and(2)________andwhomforpeople.Wecanuse(3)_______forboththingsandpeople.Weuse(4)_________toshowpossession.whichwhothatwhoseWorkingouttherules1.Thehospital__________wasbuiltfiveyearsagohasbeenmodernized.2.Thisistheboy_______fatherdiedthreeyearsago.3.Thefilm__________wesawthedaybeforeyesterdayisveryinteresting.4.Doyouknowthestudent________waspraisedatthemeeting?5.HereareplayersfromJapan,someof_______areouroldfriends.Practicemakesperfectwhich/thatwhosewhich/thatwho/thatwhom6.Isatnexttoagirl________namewasDiana.7.Ilovedthelessons__________shegaveinEnglishLiterature.8.SomeofthecitiesinChina_________helikesmostareBeijing,Shanghai,HarbinandNanjing.9.Mostofthestudents______hetaughthavebecomehisfriends.10.NeilArmstrongistheperson

______madepeoplearound

theworldrealizethatspaceexplorationwastrulypossible.whose(which/that)(which/that)whomwhoTheplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Theplaneisamachinethatcanfly.定语从句先行词ObservingandSummarizing关系词ObservingandSummarizingPeppaPigisacartoon.Itispopularwithchildrenworldwide.PeppaPigisacartoonwhichispopularwithchildren.定语从句ObservingandSummarizingHeisapopularsinger.Hissongispopularamongyoungpeople.He

isapopularsingerwhosesongispopularamongyoungpeople.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingrestrictiverelativeclauses.1.Commoninterestsproviderichground.Manyfriendshipsgrowfromrichground.Commoninterestsproviderichground______________________________________.2.Whenfriends’communicationiswarmandopen,friendshipsgrowbest.Friendshipsgrowbestbetweenfriends_____________________________________.fromwhichmanyfriendshipsgrowwhosecommunicationiswarmandopen3.Friendshipsarelikeflowers.Theseflowersneedtobetakengoodcareof.Friendshipsarelikeflowers

_______________________________________.4.Arelationshipwithatruefriendwillsurelyproducefruit.Youcancountonatruefriend.Arelationshipwithatruefriend_______________________________willsurelyproducefruit.which/thatneedtobetakengoodcareof(whom/that/who)youcancounton5.Youhavebeenhelpedbyothers.Tomakefriends,youshouldhelpothersinthesameway.Tomakefriends,youshouldhelpotherstheway_________________________________.thatyouhavebeenhelpedbyothersB2Thepassagebelowisaboutfriendshipinagreatnovel.Completethepassagewithcorrectrelativepronounswherenecessary.that/whichwhosewho/thatwhich/that/省略whichwho/that/whom/省略who/that1、Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfather?A.whoseB.whoC.which2、Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom选择题4.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom5.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.

Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that7.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose8.Thisbookisforthestudents___native(本国的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose9.Theboy___compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that10、Hepreferstoeattherice___inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.

whichisgrownC.whenisgrown11、Theknife___Icuttheapplewithcan’tbefound.A.whichB.whoC.what12、Theroomin___therearemanybooksismine.A.thatB.whoC.which13、Thisisthepen____heboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.when14.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.thatC.what15.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.that16.It’sthemostboringfilm___Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whose17.Thisisthefirstcar___arrivedthismorning.A.whichB.whoC.that18.Iknowallpeople___arefromthatvillage.A.whoB.thatC.whose19.Thereisnowater___isneededbadly.A.whichB.whoC.that20.Pleasetakeanyseat___isfree.A.whichB.thatC.inwhich21.Thatistheverybook___Iwaslookingfor.A.whoB.thatC.which22.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything___heowns.A.whoB.thatC.which23.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks___werepopularthen.A.whoB.thatC.which24.Whoistheworker___tooksomepicturesofthefactory.A.whoB.thatC.which做题一般步骤：1.确定先行词：空格之前的单词或词组2.将先行词带入定语从句，还原从句为完整句子3.根据先行词在还原句中的成分确定引导词步骤二步骤三Thegirl做主语=who/that步骤一先行词thegirl，带入从句Sheisthegirl____likessinging.whoThegirllikessinging.填空题1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Jo