2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题·外刊阅读理解训练 (65)（含答案）

2024届高考英语三轮复习•冲刺押题

外刊阅读理解训练65

----改编自Kidsthesedaysonlyseemdumbifyouthinkyou'reagenius

【文章】

ArecentstudyinScienceAdvanceshasshownthatnegativeopinions

aboutmodernchildrenheldbyoldergenerationsarenotalwaysbasedon

actualevidence.ThestudywasconductedbyJohnProtzko,acognitive

scientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whowasinspired

whilestudyingdelayedgratificationinchildren.Protzkofoundthat

expertsbelievedchildrentodaywereweakeratcontrollingthemselves

aroundrewardslikecandycomparedto50yearsago.However,hisresearch

provedthisbelieftobeincorrect.

Protzko,slatestresearchfocusedonthreetraits:respectforelders

orauthoritarianism,intelligence,andenjoymentofreading.Heasked

participantswhethertheythoughtmodernchildrensharedthesequalities

andfoundthatadultswhotestedstronglyinoneofthecategoriestended

toviewmodernchildrenasweakinit.Forexample,ifsomeoneidentified

asintelligent,theyweremorelikelytoseemodernchildrenasless

intelligentthanchildrenofthepast.Protzkobelievesthisisbecause

peopleremembertheiryoungerselvesassmarterorbetterbehavedthan

theyactuallywere.Inanotherpartofthestudy,theresearcherstricked

participantsintothinkingtheyweremorewell-readthantheyactually

were,leadingmanytochangetheiropinionsonchildren，sreading

abilities.

Protzkoexplainedthatbiasesoccurduetofalliblememoriesanda

lackofobjectiveknowledgeaboutchildhood.Peoplewhoarehighintraits

suchasrespectforeldersorauthoritymaybelievethatallchildrenwere

likethemwhentheywereyoung.Overtime,thisbiasmakesitseemlike

childrenarefailingmoreandmore.Furthermore,thebiasisstronger

amongolderparticipants.Protzko,sstudysuggeststhatpeopleshouldbe

awareoftheirbiasesandnotbasetheiropinionsonfalseassumptions.

【重点词汇&词组】

1.study(n.)-研究、调查

2.ScienceAdvances-科学进步杂志

3.negative(adj.)-消极的、负面的

4.opinion(n.)-意见、看法

5.modern(adj.)-现代的、现代化的

6.generation(n.)一一彳弋、彳弋人

7.evidence(n.)-证据、证明

8.cognitive(adj.)-认知的、认识的

9.scientist(n.)-科学家

10.UniversityofCalifornia-加州大学

11.SantaBarbara-圣巴巴拉

12.delayedgratification-推迟满足感

13.control(v.)-控制、掌控

14.reward(n.)-奖励、报酬

15.candy(n.)-糖果、甜食

16.research(n.)-研究、调查

17.belief(n.)-信仰、信念

18.incorrect(adj.)-错误的、不正确的

19.trait(n.)-特征、特点

20.respect(n.)-尊重、敬重

21.authoritarianism(n.)-专制主义、独裁主义

22.intelligence(n.)-智力、聪明

23.enjoyment(n.)-快乐、享受

24.participant(n.)-参与者、参加者

25.category(n.)-类别、种类

26.view(v.)-视为、看待

27.memory(n.)-记忆、回忆

28.objective(adj.)-客观的、目标的

29.bias(n.)-偏见、偏爱

30.childhood(n.)-童年、幼年

31.elder(n.)-长者、长辈

32.authority(n.)-权威、权力

33.fallible(adj.)-易错的、有过失的

34.knowledge(n.)-知识、学问

35.high(adj.)-高的、强的

36.failing(n.)-失败、缺陷

37.older(adj.)-年长的、老年的

38.suggest(v.)-建议、提议

39.aware(adj.)-意识到的、知道的

40.false(adj.)-错误的、虚假的

41.assumption(n.)-假设、设想

42.trick(v.)-欺骗、哄骗

43.well-read(adj.)-博览群书的

44.opinion(n.)-意见、看法

45.change(v.)-改变、变换

46.bias(n.)-偏见、偏爱

47.strong(adj.)-强烈的、坚定的

48.younger(adj.)-年轻的、年幼的

49.self(n.)-自我、自身

50.behaved(adj.)-行为乖巧的、表现好的

【阅读理解习题】

1.WhatinspiredJohnProtzkotoconducthisstudy?

A.Abeliefheldbyexpertsaboutmodernchildren.

B.AdesiretostudycognitivescienceattheUniversityofCalifornia,

SantaBarbara.

C.Aloveofcandyanddelayedgratification.

D.Aneedtoexploreopinionsaboutchildrenheldbydifferent

generations.

Answer:A

中文解析：JohnProtzko在研究儿童延迟满足感时受到了启发，想要探究

的是专家们对现代儿童的一种看法。

2.WhichofthefollowingthreetraitswasNOTstudiedbyProtzko?

A.Respectforeldersorauthoritarianism.

B.Intelligence.

C.Enjoymentofreading.

D.Delayedgratification.

Answer:D

中文解析：Protzko关注的三个特质是：尊重长辈或者权威、智力和阅读兴

趣，与改变的情况有关系。

3.Whydidadultswhotestedstronglyinonecategorytendtoview

modernchildrenasweakinit?

A.Becausemodernchildrenareactuallyweakerinthoseareasthan

childrenofthepast.

B.Becausepeopleremembertheiryoungerselvesassmarterorbetter

behavedthantheyactuallywere.

C.Becauserespectforeldersorauthorityisatraitthatdoesn，t

changeovertime.

D.Becauseintelligenceislinkedtogenetics,andmodernchildren

havelessintelligentparents.

Answer:B

中文解析：如果某人自认为聪明，他们更可能认为现代孩子比过去的孩子更

没有智慧。因为人们回忆自己年轻时比实际上更聪明或者表现更好。

4.Whatdidtheresearchersdoinanotherpartofthestudy?

A.Theyaskedparticipantsabouttheiropinionsondelayed

gratificationinchildren.

B.Theytestedparticipants'readingabilitiesusingastandardized

test.

C.Theytrickedparticipantsintothinkingtheyweremorewell-read

thantheyactuallywere.

D.Theyaskedparticipantsabouttheiropinionsonauthoritarianism.

Answer:C

中文解析：在研究的另一部分中，研究人员欺骗了参与者，让他们认为自己

读得比实际情况要多，导致许多人改变了对儿童阅读能力的看法。

5.Whymightpeoplebelievethatallchildrenwerelikethemwhenthey

wereyoung?

A.Becausepeopletendtohavefalliblememoriesandalackof

objectiveknowledgeaboutchildhood.

B.Becausepeoplewhoarehighinrespectforeldersorauthority

struggletounderstandhowchildrenhavechangedovertime.

C.Becausepeoplehavelesscontactwithchildrenastheygetolder.

D.Becausemodernchildrenarelessuniquethanchildrenofthepast.

Answer:A

中文解析：人们可能认为所有年轻时的孩子都像他们那样，因为他们记忆不

可靠且缺乏关于童年的客观知识。

6.AccordingtoProtzko,sresearch,whichparticipantsweremore

likelytoviewmodernchildrenasweakerinacertaintrait?

A.Olderparticipants.

B.Youngerparticipants.

C.Participantswithchildren.

D.Participantswithoutchildren.

Answer:A

中文解析•：Protzko的研究表明，具有尊重长辈或权威等特质的人对现代孩

子的看法更可能出现偏差，老年参与者更容易出现这种失误。

7.WhatisthekeylessonpeopleshouldlearnfromProtzko,sresearch?

A.Peopleshouldbeawareoftheirbiasesandavoidmakingfalse

assumptionsaboutmodernchildren.

B.Peopleshouldbelievethatchildrenaregettingweakerandfailing

more.

C.Peopleshouldtrusttheopinionsofexpertsratherthantheirown

experiences.

D.Peopleshouldnotworryaboutcontrollingthemselvesaround

rewardslikecandy.

Answer:A

中文解析：Protzk。的研究让人们应该意识到他们心理上的偏见，而不是基

于错误的假设去评价现代孩子。

8.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromProtzko,sresearch?

A.Modernchildrenarestrongeratcontrollingthemselvesaround

rewardslikecandycomparedto50yearsago.

B.Theopinionsofoldergenerationsaboutmodernchildrenarealways

basedonactualevidence.

C.Biasesoccurduetoobjectiveknowledgeaboutchildhood.

D.Peopleshouldbasetheiropinionsonfalseassumptionsinorder

tounderstandmodernchildrenbetter.

Answer:A

中文解析：据Protzk。的研究，专家认为现代孩子控制自己不吃糖果等待时

的能力比50年前的孩子弱，但他的研究证明了专家的这种想法并不正确。

【全文逐句对照翻译】

《科学进展》杂志最近的一项研究表明，老一辈人对现代儿童的负面看法并

不总是基于实际证据。

ArecentstudyinScienceAdvanceshasshownthatnegativeopinions

aboutmodernchildrenheldbyoldergenerationsarenotalwaysbasedon

actualevidence.

这项研究是由加州大学圣巴巴拉分校(UniversityofCalifornia,Santa

Barbara)的认知科学家约翰•普罗茨科(JohnProtzko)进行的，他在研究儿童的

延迟满足时受到启发。

ThestudywasconductedbyJohnProtzko,acognitivescientistatthe

UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whowasinspiredwhilestudying

delayedgratificationinchildren.

普罗茨科发现，专家认为，与50年前相比，如今的孩子在糖果等奖励方面

的自控能力较弱。

Protzkofoundthatexpertsbelievedchildrentodaywereweakerat

controllingthemselvesaroundrewardslikecandycomparedto50yearsago.

然而，他的研究证明这种想法是不正确的。

However,hisresearchprovedthisbelieftobeincorrect.

普罗茨科的最新研究集中在三个特征上:尊敬长者或威权主义、智力和阅读

的乐趣。

Protzko'slatestresearchfocusedonthreetraits:respectforelders

orauthoritarianism,intelligence,andenjoymentofreading.

他问参与者，他们是否认为现代儿童也有这些品质，结果发现，在其中一项

测试中表现优异的成年人往往认为现代儿童在这一项上表现较弱。

Heaskedparticipantswhethertheythoughtmodernchildrenshared

thesequalitiesandfoundthatadultswhotestedstronglyinoneofthe

categoriestendedtoviewmodernchildrenasweakinit.

例如，如果有人认为自己聪明，他们更有可能认为现代的孩子不如过去的孩

子聪明。

Forexample,ifsomeoneidentifiedasintelligent,theyweremore

likelytoseemodernchildrenaslessintelligentthanchildrenofthe

past.

普罗茨科认为，这是因为人们记得年轻时的自己比实际的自己更聪明或表现

得更好。

Protzkobelievesthisisbecausepeopleremembertheiryoungerselves

assmarterorbetterbehavedthantheyactual