北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试卷

(考试时间90分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)offeringencouragement.WithlessthantensecO'Donnell.Withshoutsof"2it!”acrossthefield,MickeytookroundmethecrowderuptedHowever,everyonerealizedForamomenttherewastotal,5.Theairsaconditioninwhichapersonisbornwithlearhad,6beenknowntohugtheopposingplayerswhentheywonNotknowingwhatwashappening,MickeyraMickey!"WithinmomentsbothteamssurroundedMickey,joiningmysonto.91.A.way4.A.clearB.wrongC.specific5.A.silenceB.angerC.whisper6.A.ratherB.hardly7.A.admitB.reactC.guess8.A.drewbackB.putdown9.A.congratulateB.comfortC.consult第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提“A”.BGatheracoupleoffriendsandtakealeisurelyenjoydoingwhentheyvisitanewcity.Tothefollowadistinctiveurbanroute,15.(famous16(spot)andbigcrowds,theyprefertogainamoreinclCTechnologyisconstantlyadvancing..17development.Inthepast,autonomousvehicleswerejustapartofmovies,18thesetechnologiesarenfunctionsrelatedtoeverydaydrivingandparking.Itisthedestination,20(find)itswa第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ahearingaidisasmallelectronicdevdhasthreebasicparts:amicrophone,ofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.Therearethtsomepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedoesnotsound"pluggedup".telecoilthatallowsuserstoreceivesouconsideration.However,justbecauseonehearingaidismoreexpensivethananotherdoesnotitwillbettersuityourneeds.Otherfeaturestoconsiderincludepartsorservicecostsforrepair,andthehearingaidcompany'sreputFormoreinformation,contact:nidcdinfo21.WhathelpsstrengthenthepowerofelectricalsignalsinahearingaA.Themicrophone.B.Theamplifier.C.Thespeaker.22.Ifpreferringahearingaidthatkeepstheearcanalopen,youcanchoose.A.“Mini”BTEC.In-the-canalaidsD.CompletelyA.increaseyourestimatedcostsB.C.giveintotheafter-saleservicesBBrianPetersonhadjustmovedtoCalifornia.Outsidehisapartment,ahomelessmanwasoftenshoutingonthereetcorner,sometimeskeepinghimawakeatnight.PetersonwouldpasstheguyonhiswrOneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoandintroducehimself.ThehomelessmanwasMa“Itwasthestrangestthingtome"Petersonrecalled."Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn'tshavedorhadn'tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris'sphisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anon-profitorganizdpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.Petersonsellstheportraits,putaccount"forhismodel.HethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeManyofPeterson'snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessities—medicalcare,hotelrooms,subject,Sondoval,whohadneverbeenabletofinanciallysupportherdaughter,usedthemonSinceFacesofSantaAnawasestablished,Petersonhaspainted41ofallfinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybrinhaveotherwisestereotyped(持固有观念)oroverlooked.“Peopleoftentestreet.ButIseehomelessp24.HowdidPetersonfeelaboutthehomelessmanafterreadingthebook?A.Annoyed.B.Amazed.C.Concerned.25.AftertalkingwithA.payforhisrentC.gotoanartschool26.HowdidPetersonhelpthehomeless?A.Hefoundedanon-profitorganization.B.HeboughtimmediateneceC.Hedonatedmoneytorelatedorganizations.D.Hetaughtthemhowtorealizet27.WhatcanwelearnfromA.Prejudiceblocksdreams.B.Wealthcanmakepeoplewise.C.Sympathycanbreakstereotypes.D.ActioC“WhenIstoppedinatourlocaltourismofficeinMontrealtoaskwheretheywouldrecommendvisitorstotosmell,taste,andlistentothecity,Ijustreceivedblacity'sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmegrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas“sensoryurbanism”oundtheworld,researcherslikeHowrofacityandaffectsitsli(clothingorglassesthatcontaincomputertechnology),andvirtua“JustbeingabletocloseyoureyÖner,anacademicandmusician.Hehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalkscouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealAlthoughhisfindingshavenotbeenconsideredintolocalurbanplansyet,thiskindofindividualfeedback(反馈)aboutthesensoryenvironmentisalreadyafreemobileapphavebeenincludedinthecity'thefield.Howesandhiscolleaguesareusingobservatsensorydesigninpublicspaces.Otherresearchersaregoingmorehigh-tech,usingwearabllikeheart-ratevariabilitytorevealdifferentsensorAsdatacollectionaboutpeople'ssensoryexperiencesbethatconcernsaboutprivacyandsurveillance(监视)needtobetakenintoaccount.Issalsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiesocially,”saysMonicbytrendycafes.“Itusedtosmelllikefriedchicken,”sthanwelcoming.“NowitsmellslikethepopularItaliancoffee,cappuccinos.”C.thetourismofficersobjecttoseD.therearetoomanytouristattractionstorecomme29.WhatcanwelearnfromA.Manymethodsareusedtolimitthevisualpreference.C.PeoplemayfailtonoticesoundattractionsevenD.Individualfeedbackrestrictsthedevelopmentofsensory30.WhatcanbeinferredfromA.People'sperceptionsoftheirsensorysurB.SensoryurbanismneedstofocusondevC.SensoryexperienceisdominantinshapingthecD.ChoicesofsensoryattractionsinurbanplanningdepDInthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener'ssoncowpox(牛痘)andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox(天花)totesthisassumptionthatpecowpox,asimilarbutlessseverewashighlyeffective.“Vaccination”,fromtheLatinwordforcow,soonbecamecommonChallengetrialsareformsofresearchwhereexposesomeonetoadiseaseinsinceJenner'stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotuncommonforthere'sthecontinuoussensethatthere'ssomethingimmoButthisshouldn'tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofcimportantweaponsinthemedicalreseardiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.Muchhasbeendonetoreducetherisksofchallengetrials.Likerespiratvaccinecandidates.Withtheirhelp,theworldwillsoonthousandsofnewbornbabieseachyear.Butnotavolunteersmightface;wedWecould,ofcourse,justavoidthesequestionsentirely,andrelyonothertypesalwayswork:sometimes,animaltestingistrickyanduninformative,becausethedvolunteers.Andthebenefitscanbesurprisinglyhigh.Takethelatestpandemic.Attheendoflastyear,asthenumbervaccines.Intheyearstocome,theywillhopefullysavemillionsmore.tomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofallwouldbetomakesurepathemwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillionsoflives.31.TheauthortellsthestoryofEdwardJennermainlytoA.giveadefinitionofchB.introducethetopicofchallengetrialsC.highlighttheeffectivenessofhisvaccineD.explaintheoriginoftheword“vaccination”32.WhatcanweinferfrA.TheissuesbehindchallengetrialscanB.Thedangersofchallengetrialsoutweighthebenefitstheybring.C.Challengetrialscanbenefitnumerouslivesinspiteoftheirrisks.D.Challengetrialscansetbackthedevelopmentofvaccinetechnologies.33WhatdoestheauthoA.PeopleshouldstillbecarefulaB.AmoreopenattitudeshouldbetakentowardschalC.Challengetrialsguaranteeparticipantsprotectionagainstthreats.D.Morevolunteersinvolvedcanimprovetheaccuracyofchallengetrials.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ShouldweusechallengetrialstofiB.Canchallengetrialsbeablocktomedicalprogress?C.CanchallengetrialsbetheendofinfeD.Shouldwereplaceanimaltestingwithchallengetrials?第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)realizeourgoals.35_Thereisaway,though,tohelpaddrepsychologicalstrategycalledcognitive(认知的)offlourintentions.Thebiggestbenefwewillworktowardsthegoalsweneedtoreach.37“ThemoreweoffloadunimportantinfosaidSamGilbert,professoratthe 38Stilltherearepotentialnegativepartsforit.Wearemorelikmostwanttoremember.Inasurprisetestwheretheirreminderswerewipedclean,theparticipantswetoforgettheimportantremember,themorelikelywearetooffloadWe'dbettertendtocreatereminderswhenwethinkweneedthem,butnotnecessarilywhenwedoneedthem. 39“Ifourunderstandingofourmeunderusereminders,”Gilbertsaid.“Wecanlearnbynoticingthetimesthatwecouldhaveusedreminderstohelp."A.Cognitiveoffloadinghasnoticeablebenefits.B.OnecommonreasonisthatwesimD.AgoodexamplecanbedocumentsoE.Theprocessofcognitiveoffloadinghelpsusidentifyfalseinformation.F.OurbeliefsabouthowgoodourmemoryisdirectlyinfluencewG.Otherexpertssayit'stoosoontounderstandh第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)drivesustopursueagoal,includingthedesiretocontinuepursuingmeaning,purcompetitionandboostssocialconnection.ItsPeopleoftenhavemultiplmeansapersonisinspiredbyoutsideforces—otherpeopleorrewards.Anythingpromiorreceivedasaresultofcompletingthetaskareextrinsicmotivators.Extrinsicmotivationcaintheshortterm,butovertiMotivationcanalsobeintrinsic.Intrinsicdeadline,oroutsidepressure.Forexample,peoplewhoareintrinsicallymotivafeelingofrunningitself.Comparedtoextrinsicmotivation,intrinsicmotivationtendstopushpeoplemoreforcefully,TounderstandmotivationAbrahamMaslowintroducedtheconceptofhierarchyofneAccordingtoMaslow,humansareintrbelonging,andself-respect,andfinallymovetowardexbecomethemostthatonecanAlthoughthegeneralityofMaslow'stheoryhasbeenchallenged,manybeabouthumanmotivation.Nomatterwheremotivationbegins,therearealwayswaystoincreaseit—whetheyourownmotivationorsomeoneelse's.Sometimesyoumightfeelcompletelyunmosituation,allowyourselftofeelthedisc41.Whyisintrinsicmotivationmorepowerful?42.PleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstAccordingtoMaslow,wearemotivatedbydifferentlevelsofneeds,startingatthelowestandthemostbasiclevelknownasself-actualization43.Inwhatway(s)doyou第二节(20分)注意：1.词数100左右；(考试时间90分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)offeringencouragement.WithlesstO'Donnell.Withshoutsof"2it!”acrossthefield,MickeyroundmethecrowderuptedForamomenttherewastotal,5.Theairsaconditioninwhichapersonisbornwithlearnhad,6beenknowntohugtheopposingplayerswhentheywonNotknowingwhatwashappening,MickeyraForamomentIheldmybrMickey!"WithinmomentsbothteamssurroundedMickey,joiningmysonto.91.A.way4.A.clearB.wrongC.specific5.A.silenceB.angerC.whisper6.A.ratherB.hardly7.A.admitB.react8.A.drewbackB.putdown9.A.congratulateB.comfortC.consult【解析】【1题详解】领先。故选C。【2题详解】“Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolledinfrontofmyson'steammate,Mick知，球到了米奇·奥唐纳的脚下，所以所有人都喊他踢球。故选D。【3题详解】倒。根据“However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,but【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，每个人都立刻意识到，米奇做到了，但是错误adraw.”可知，米奇把球踢进错误的球门了。故选B。【5题详解】laughter笑声。根据“Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.”可知，全场都很惊讶，所以沉【6题详解】personisbornwithlearningdifficulties,andforhimallgo【7题详解】这种情况的反应，故选B。【8题详解】根据“hishandintheclassichigh-【9题详解】handintheclassichigh队伍都加入儿子的欢呼，祝贺米奇进球。故选A。【10题详解】终。故选C。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提fromit,soI.13(“A”.【解析】把“F”改为“B”,被抓住后作者吸取教训，积极地学习，成绩慢慢变好了。【11题详解】考查副词。句意：有时候我会得个“F”,这让我很害怕。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词scared,因此应用real的副词形式really,意为“很，十分”。故填really。【12题详解】表示“为了”,因此应用please的不定式形式。故填toplease。【13题详解】B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提Gatheracoupleoffriendsandtakealeisurelyenjoydoingwhentheyvisitanewcity.Tothem,citywalkmeanswafollowadistinctivefamous16(spot)andbigcrowds,theyprefertogainamoreinclusiveexpe【答案】14.what【解析】【14题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：约上几个朋友，在街上悠闲地散步——这是许多年轻人在做的事情。分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句。从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填【15题详解】【16题详解】名词spot为可数名词，泛指许多景点，用复数形式。故填spoC阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提lyfdevelopment.Inthepast,autonomousvehicleswerejustapartofmovies,.18thesetechnologiesarenowfunctionsrelatedtoeverydaydrivingandparking.Itisathedestination,20(find)itswaywi【解析】【17题详解】【18题详解】构成转折，空处应用意为“但是”的并列连词but。故填but。【19题详解】【20题详解】第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AaidsfitbehindtheeaIn-the-ear(ITE)aidsfitcompletelyinsiThehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyoudependsonyoA.“Mini”BTEB.In-the-earaidsC.In-the-canalaidsA.increaseyourestimatedcostsB.findtheonewC.giveintotheafter-saleservic【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thehearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchangesthesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsendsthemtoanamplifier.Theamplisendsthemtotheearth到放大器。放大器增加信号的功率，并通过扬声器将它们送到耳朵)”可信号的强度。故选B项。细节理解题。根据第二段““Mini”BTEisanewkind.Thesesmalcompletely,withanarrowtu备完全适合耳后，有一个狭窄的管进入耳道，使耳道保持开放。因此，有些人【23题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyo的需求和生活方式。故选D项。BBrianPetersonhadjustmovedtoCalifornia.Outsidehisapartment,ahomelessmanwasoftenshoutingontstreetcorner,sometimeskeepinghimawakeatnight.PetersonwouldpasstheguyonhiswaOneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoandintroducehimself.ThehomelessmanwasMa“Itwasthestrangestthingtome,”Petersonrecalled.“Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn'tshavedorhadn'tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecohisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anon-profitorganizdpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.Petersonsellstheportaccount"forhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeet.ManyofPeterson'snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessities—medicalcarehotelrooms,subject,Sondoval,whohadneverbeenabletofinanciallysupportherdaughter,usedthemonSinceFacesofSantaAnawasestablished,Petersonhaspainted41ofallfinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybrinhaveotherwisestereotyped(持固有观念)oroverlooked.“Peopleoftentestreet.ButIseehomelessp24.HowdidPetersonfeelaboutthehomelessmanafterreadingtheboA.Annoyed.B.Amazed.C.Concerned.25.AftertalkingwithA.payforhisrentC.gotoanartschool26.HowdidPetersonhelpthehomeless?A.Hefoundedanon-profitorganization.B.HeboughtimmediC.Hedonatedmoneytorelatedorganizations.D.Hetaughtthemhowtoreal27.WhatcanwelearnfromthA.Prejudiceblocksdreams.B.WealthcanmakeC.Sympathycanbreakstereotypes.D.Actionsspe【解析】【24题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythe【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段““Itwasthestrangestthingtome,”Petersonrecyes(“这对我来说是最奇怪的事情，”Peterson回忆说。“我在一个大概一【26题详解】focusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.(这段经历促使Peterson成立了“FacesofSanta【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He'sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersonintheC“WhenIstoppedinatourlocaltourismofficeinMontrealtoaskwheretheywouldrecommendvisitorstotosmell,taste,andlistentothecity,Ijustcity'sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmgrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas“sensoryAroundtheworld,researcherslikeHowofacityandaffectsitsli(clothingorglassesthatcontaincomputertechnology),andvirtuavisualpreferenceinurbanpla“Justbeingabletocloseyoureyesfor10Öner,anacademicandmusician.Hehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalkscouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealAlthoughhisfindingshavenotbeenconsideredintolocalurbanplansyetthiskindofindividualfeedback(反馈)aboutthesensoryenvafreemobileapphavebeenincludedinthecity'sthefield.Howesandhiscolleaguesareusingobservatsensorydesigninpublicspaces.Otherresearchersaregoingmorehigh-tech,usingwearabllikeheart-ratevariabilitytorevealdifferentsensorAsdatacollectionaboutpeople'ssensoryexthatconcernsaboutprivacyandsurveillance(监视)needtobetakenintoacalsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiesocially,”saysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsocbytrendycafes."Itusedtthanwelcoming.“NowitsmellslikethepopularItaliancoffee,cappuccinos.”D.therearetoomanytouristattractionstorecomme29.WhatcanwelearnfromtheA.Manymethodsareusedtolimitthevisualpreference.B.PotentialconcernsaboutcC.PeoplemayfailtonoticesoundattractionD.Individualfeedbackrestrictsthedevelopmentofsen30.WhatcanbeinferredfromA.People'sperceptionsoftB.SensoryurbanismneedstofocusondevC.SensoryexperienceisdominantinshapingthecharaD.Choicesofsensoryattractionsinurbanplanningdependo【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章通过介绍研究者们如何考虑城市中的感官体验来探讨城市规划中的一【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词组下文“Theyonattractions,itssoundmarkreferredtoas“sensoryurbanism”.(“他们只知道看的东西，不知道城市的其他感官景点，它的声音多人忽略了城市的其他感官景点，它的声音和气味，因此当我【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwwhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisreseacouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtoreal到声音的吸引力。故选C项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Issuesoffairnessandinclusionalsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning.“SensoryawareneswhetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyandsculturalsociologistatBrunelDInthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener'ssoncowpox(牛痘)andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox(天花)totesthisassumptionthatpeoplewhowcowpox,asimilarbutlessseverewashighlyeffective."VaccinationChallengetrialsareformsofresearchwheresinceJenner'stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotuncommonfordocthere'sthecontinuoussensethatthere'ssomethingimmorButthisshouldn'tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofcimportantweaponsinthemedicalreseardiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.Muchhasbeendonetoreducetherisksofchallengetrials.LWiththeirhelp,theworldwillsoonfthousandsofnewbornbabieseachyevolunteersmightface;wedWecould,ofcourse,justavoidthesequestionsentirely,andrealwayswork:sometimes,animaltestingistrickyanduninformative,becausethedvolunteers.Andthebenefitscanbesurprisinglyhigh.Takethelatestpandemic.Attheendoflastyear,asthenumbervaccines.Intheyearstocome,theywillhopefullysavemillionsmore.tomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofallwouldbetomakesureparticipants'effortsarewortthemwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmilloflives.31.TheauthortellsthestoryofEdwardJennermainlyto.A.giveadefinitionofchalleB.introducethetopicofchallengetrialsC.highlighttheeffectivenessofhisvaccineD.explaintheoriginoftheword“vaccination”32.WhatcanweinferfrA.TheissuesbehindchallengetrialscanB.Thedangersofchallengetrialsoutweighthebenefitstheybring.C.ChallengetrialscanbenefitnumerouslivesinspiteoftheirriD.Challengetrialscansetbackthedevelopmentofvaccinetechnologies.33.WhatdoestheauthoB.AmoreopenattitudeshouldbetakentowardschallengetC.ChallengetrialsguaranteeparticipantsprotectionagainstD.Morevolunteersinvolvedcanimprovetheaccuracyofcha34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ShouldweusechallengetrialstofindcuB.Canchallengetrialsbeablocktomedicalprogress?C.CanchallengetrialsbetheendofinfectiouD.Shouldwereplaceanimaltestingwithchallengetrials?【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。它提供了关于医学研究中挑战试验的信息，并阐述了挑战试验的优势和重要性。通过简明扼要地介绍，以及使用有据可查的数据和案例，解释挑战试验在cowpox(牛痘)andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox(天花)totesthisassumptionthatpeoplewhowerefrequentlyexposedtocowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatchingsmallpox.(18世纪70年“Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoa作者讲述爱德华·詹纳的故事是为了介绍挑战试验的【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Evenso,there'sthecontinuoshouldn'tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbecomeincreasinglyimportantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnologyisadvancingandtjumpingfromanimalsintohuma【33题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inordertomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefrthreats,weshouldtrytogetridofthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofallwouldbetomakesureparticipants'effortsarewortrialstobefairandeffectiveandapplyingthemwhenahelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillionsoflives.(为了确保我们尽可能免受当前和该努力消除对挑战试验的误解，使其成为我们工具箱中更为常见的一部分。者的努力是值得的：通过设计公平、有效的试验，并在可能产生真正差异的时间取更开放的态度。故选B项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertoteThingshavechangedalotsinceJenner'stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotu试疫苗或治疗的有效性。当然，与詹纳的时代相比，情况发生了很大变化，当时医更开放的态度。所以A项“Shouldweusechallengetrialstofindcures?”是本文最好的标题。故选第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。psychologicalstrategycalledcognitive(认知的)offloading,whereweuseaphwewillworktowardsthegoalsweneedtoreach.37“Themoreweoffloadunimportantinformation,suchsaidSamGilbert,professoratthe 38Still,therearepotentialnegativepartsforit.Wearemormostwanttoremember.Inasurprisetestwheretheirreminderswerewipedclean,theparticipantswetoforgettheimportanremember,themorelikelywearetooffloaditWe'dbettertendtocreatereminderswhenwethinkweneedthem,butnotnecessarilywhenwedoneedthem. 39“Ifourunderstandingofourmeunderusereminders,”Gilbertsaid.“couldhaveusedreminderstohelp.”A.Cognitiveoffloadinghasnoticeablebenefits.B.Onecommonreason