2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案7

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精

读含答案

Anewkindofsolarpanel,

developedattheUniversityofMichigan,

hasachievedhighefficiencyintransformingwater

intohydrogenandoxygen—imitatingacrucialstepin

naturalphotosynthesis（光合作用）.Theoutdoorversionofthe

experiment,withlessreliablesunlightand

temperature,achieved6.

1%efficiencyatturningtheenergyfromthesunintohydroge

nfuel.However,indoors,thesystemachieved9%efficiency.

Butthebiggestbenefitisdrivingdownthecost

ofsustainablehydrogen.Thisisenabledbyreducingthesizeof

thesemiconductor半导体），typicallythemostexpensivepartof

thedevice.Theteam,sself-healingsemiconductorwithstands

concentratedlightequivalentto160suns.

"Webelievethatartificialphotosynthesisdeviceswillbe

muchmoreefficientthannaturalphotosynthesis,whichwill

provideapathtowardcarbonneutrality,HsaidZetianMi,U-M

professorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringwholedthe

studyreportedinNature.

Thenewtechnologyhastwoadvances.Thefirstistheability

toconcentratethesunlightwithoutdestroyingthe

semiconductorthattrapsthelight."Wereducedthesizeofthe

semiconductorbymorethan100timescomparedtosome

semiconductorsonlyworkingatlowlightintensity,z,saidPeng

Zhou,U-Mresearchfellowinelectricalandcomputer

engineeringandfirstauthorofthestudy.

"Hydrogenproducedbyourtechnologycouldbeverycheap.”

Andthesecondisusingboththehigherenergypartof

thesolarspectrum（光谱）tobreakdownwaterandthelower

partofthespectrumtoprovideheatthatencouragesthe

reaction.Themagicisenabledbyasemiconductorcatalyst（催化

齐（J）thatimprovesitselfwithuse,resistingthedegradation（降解）

thatsuchcatalystsusuallyexperiencewhentheytrapsunlightto

drivechemicalreactions.

Thenextchallengestheteamintendstotacklearetofurther

improvetheefficiencyandtoachievesuperhighpurity

hydrogenthatcanbedirectlyfedintofuelcells.

1.Whatleadstothelowercostofsustainablehydrogen?

A.Solarenergy.

B.Smallersemiconductors.

C.Naturalphotosynthesis.

D.Moreconcentratedlight.

2.Whatisanadvantageofthenewtechnology?

A.Acatalysteasilyavailable.

B.Creativeuseofthesolarspectrum.

C.Outstandingabilitytoreflectlight.

D.Asemiconductorworkingatlowlightintensity.

3.Whyarethetwoadvancesofthenewsolarpanelmentioned?

A.Tointroduceagreenerlifestyle.

B.Topromoteitscommercialvalue.

C.Tostateitstechnicalbreakthrough.

D.Toadvertisethepotentialapplication.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ANewTrendinWaterUsage

B.TheFutureofSustainableHydrogen

C.SolarEnergy:MoreEfficient,Greener

D.CheaperHydrogenThroughSolarPower

BBcD

Intheendlesssky,theunaidedhumaneyeshouldbeable

toperceiveseveralthousandstarsonaclear,dark

night.Unfortunately,growinglightpollutionhasdisabledpeople

fromthenightlyview.Newcitizen-science-basedresearch

throwsalarminglightontheproblemof“skyglow"—the

diffuseillumination（漫射照明）ofthenightskythatisaformof

lightpollution.Thedatacamefrom

crowd-soureedobservationscollectedfromaroundtheworldas

partofGlobeatNight,aprogramdevelopedbyastronomer

ConnieWalker.

Lightpollutionhasharmfuleffectsonthepractice

ofastronomybutalsoonhumanhealthandwildlife,since

itdisturbsthecyclefromsunlighttostarlightthatbiological

systemshaveevolvedalongside.Furthermore,thelossofvisible

starsisagreatlossofhumanculturalheritage.Untilrelatively

recently,humansthroughouthistoryhadanimpressiveviewof

thestarrynightsky,andtheeffectofthisnightlyspectacle（壮

观）isevidentinancientcultures.

GlobeatNighthasbeengatheringdataonstarvisibilitysince

2006.AnyonecansubmitobservationsthroughtheGlobeat

Nightwebapplication.Participantsrecordwhichonebest

matcheswhattheycanseeintheskywithoutanytelescopesor

otherinstruments.

Researchersfindthatthelossofvisiblestarsindicatesan

increaseinskybrightnessof9.6%peryearwhileroughly2%is

measuredbysatellites.Existingsatellitesarenotwellsuitedto

measuringskyglowasitappearstohumans,becausetheycan

notdetectwavelengthsshorterthan500nanometers（纳

米）.WhiteLEDs,withshorterwavelengthsunder500nanometers,

nowareincreasinglycommonlyusedinoutdoorlighting.But

humaneyesaremoresensitivetotheseshorterwavelengthsat

nighttime.Space-basedinstrumentsdonotmeasurelightfrom

windows,either.Butthesesourcesaresignificantcontributorsto

skyglowasseenfromtheground.

"Theincreaseinskyglowoverthepast

decadeunderlinestheimportanceofredoublingoureffortsand

developingnewstrategiestoprotectdarkskies,"said

Walker."TheGlobeatNightdatasetisnecessaryinourongoing

evaluationofchangesinskyglow,andwe

encouragewhoevercantogetinvolvedtohelpprotect

thestarrynightsky."

12.WhatisapurposeofGlobeatNight?

A.Todevelopnewlightsources.

B.Tocollectdataonstarvisibility.

C.Tohelpastronomersexplorespace.

D.Topopularizescienceamongcitizens.