2023年上海初三中考英语一轮复习讲练第3讲 被动语态含详解

第3讲被动语态

及劭器褂

【知识梳理1】

一、基本概念：语态是动词的一种形

承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而入、

作的

成的，则用被

语态。主动语态和被动语态句子的

主语和宾语正好相反

语态的

类及构成

i.动词的语态有两种：一种是主动语态（主语是动作的热行看），另一种是被动语态（主语是动作的承要

#）o

主动语态被动语态

此时，由助动词be来反映时态的变化，常见有以下八种形式:

一般现在时am+过去分词

is

are

一般过去时was+过去分词

were

一般将来时shallbe+过去分词

will

现在完成时hasbeen+过去分词

have

现在进行时ambeing+过去分词

is

are

过去进行时wasbeing+过去分词

were

过去将来时shouldbe+过去分词

would

过去完成时hadbeen+过去分词

2）情态动词+（not）+be+（及物动词的）过去分词

can

maybe+（及物动词）过去分词

must

1.PeopletosendupfireworksaroundthecenterofthecitylastSpringFestival.

A)weren'tallowedB)won'tbeallowed

C)arenotallowedD)haven?tbeenallowed

2.The87thAnnualAcademyAwards(奥斯卡金像奖)ceremonyinLosAngeles,USA,onFebruary

22,2015.

A)heldB)washeldC)washoldingD)hadbeenheld

3.Nowadaysnewtaxiapps(打车软件)tohelppeopletravelaroundmoreeasily.

A)areusedB)useC)usedD)isused

4.KeepreadingEnglisheveryday,andyourreadingskillsquickly.

A)improveB)willimproveC)areimprovedD)willbeimproved

5.Greatprogressinstudyingthenewmedicineforcancerrecently.

A)willbemadeB)ismadeC)hasbeenmadeD)wasmade

6.Thelibraryofourneighbourhoodtenhoursaday.

A)opensB)isopenC)hasopenedD)isopened

7.Theriverbywasteproductsfromthefactory.Wecanfindnofishinit.

A)haspollutedB)willpolluteC)hasbeenpollutedD)willbepolluted

【巩固练习】

1.Ifsterribletohearthatsomestudentswhentheytookaschoolbus.

A.killedB.arekilledC.werekilledD.havekilled

2.Ifallbusinessesgopaperless,atleastonemilliontonsofpaper

A.willsaveB.issavedC.willbesavedD.saves

3.InsomeEnglishclasses,picturesareusedthestudentslearnnewwords.

A.tohelpB.tohelpingC.forbeinghelpedD.forhavinghelped

4.Themistakesinthereportbythegroupleadersafterclass.

A.willbecorrectedB.iscorrected

C.correctedD.havecorrected

5.Don'tworry,yourpackagehereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.

A.keptB.waskeepingC.hasbeenkeptD.willbekept

6.Manygraduatesbytheuniversitytocelebrateits100thbirthdaylastweek.

A.haveinvitedB.willinviteC.areinvitedD.wereinvited

7.-Haveyoumovedintoyournewflat,Mr.Smith?

-Notyet,theroomsnextmonth.

A.arepaintedB.arepaintingC.willpaintD.willbepainted

8.The2011NobelPrizeforMedicinetothreescientistslastmonth.

A.awardsB.awardedC.wasawardingD.wasawarded

9.ThechildrenbythefunnyperformanceinShanghaiCircusWorld.A.attractB.attracted

C.areattractingD.wereattracted

10.AflowershownextweekintheparkandEllgotovisititwithmyfamily.

A.isholdingB.willholdC.hasbeenheldD.willbeheld

【知识梳理2】

被动语态的句法功能

1.当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。

受者而不是执行者时。

e.g.:Herbookwillbebroughttomorrowmorning.

3.汉语中的无主语，在英语中用被动语态。

e.g.:Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.

要将其把中表一示个物宾的语直变接为宾被语动变砌句做逊耍叫且薮E?瞿瞋翻敏寓尊彘在"示人的接宾宾语语即前间加接上宾与语其变相为搭主配语的；介若

词)；其它变化同一般情况箕

Wegavehersomebooks.—Shewasgivensokuebook^^us).^Somebooksweregiventoherbyus.

Heshowedmeaticket.—Iwasshowedaticket(byhim).—>Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.

Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.—>1wasboughtanewbike(bymyfather).一Anewbikewasboughtforme

bymyfather.

动词短语用于被动语态时,洪密等啃岁催色介词或副词。Wecan?tlaughat

him.一Hecan'tbe加年/£7us短语动词的被动语态

Helistenstotheradioeveryaay.到ETUeveryday.

Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.Thesickmanisbeingtqkencareo£bythenurse.

Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeen即inmyhometown.

MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.

SuchathinghasneverbeenheardQfbefore.

—'.

总结：主动语态变为被动语态的方法

------^主动语态：主语+谓语动词+宾语

（执行者（承受者）

被动语态：主语K%?二差忘F谕-0by+执行者）（承受者）一般省略

【4£口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。

口诀2:如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,

1.T1nent

bring,show,tell...）

Park

口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开,被动句中to回来（feel,listento,hear,let,

A)p:

have,make,lookat,see,watch.......）

2.Bl

A)B)wasinventedC)isinventedD)isinventing

3.Thegirlshowtodanceamonthagoandnowtheycandancewell.

A)weretaughtB)willbetaughtC)aretaughtD)havebeentaught

4.Theboydownbyatruckwhenhewasrunningacrosstheroad.

A)isknockedB)wasknockedC)willbeknockedD)hasbeenknocked

5.HalfoftheBeijing'sprivatecarsofftheroadsduetoheavysmogonFriday.

A)orderB)areorderedC)orderedD)wereordered

6.AfterDonghaiBridge,itbecameanewtouristattraction.

A)completedB)completeC)iscompletedD)wascompleted

7.1achancetodecidewhetherIshouldattendthelectureornot.

A)gaveB)wasgivingC)wasgivenD)hadgiven

8.ADisneylandParkinShanghaiPudongNewAreainthenearfuture.

A)hasbuiltB)willbebuiltC)willbuildD)isbuilt

9.The22ndWinterOlympicswillinSochiearlythisyear.A)beheldB)heldC)

holdD)beingheld

10.Theoldmanwasupsetbecausehisfavouritevasebyhisgrandson.

A)breaksB)isbrokenC)brokeD)wasbroken

【巩固练习】

1.Thegovernmenthasbuiltmanyparkingplacesforcarownersthisyear.(改为被动语态)

Manyparkingplacesforcarownersbuiltbythegovernmentthisyear.

2.ManyparentsinChinadon'tallowthekidstohavetheirownbankcards.（改为被动语态）

ThekidsinChinatohavetheirownbankcards.

3.Thecaptainwillchoosetenboystoworkasvolunteers.（改被动）

Tenboyswilltoworkasvolunteers.

4.WewillbuildanewDisneylandinPudongNewArea.（改为被动语态）

AnewDisneylandwillinPudongNewArea.

5.Someofourbadhabitscancausewaterpollution.（改为被动语态）

Waterpollutioncanbysomeofourbadhabits.

提高题：

TheheadmasterpraisedBenforhishonesty.（改为被动语态）

Benforhishonestytheheadmaster.

Thefiremenareusinglongladdersfbrrescuingpeopleintallbuildings.（改为被动语态）

Longladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildingsbythe

firemen.

MotherwillbuyJackanewshirt.（改为被动语态）

AnewshirtJackbyMother.

Youhadbettertakethewoundedsoldierstohospitalatonce.（改为被动语态）

Thewoundedsoldiershadbettertohospitalatonce.

Theadultstellthechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.（改为被动语态）

Thechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.

CansomeagedChineseunderstandRussian?（改为被动语态）

CanbysomeagedChinese?

Thebossmadetheemployeesworktenhoursaday.（改为被动语态）

Theemployeesweremadetenhoursaday.

Wholooksafterthechildreninthekindergarten?（改为被动语态）

Bythechildrenafterinthekindergarten?.

TheSpringFestivaliswelcomedbytheChineseallovertheworld.（改为主动语态）

TheChineseallovertheworldtheSpringFestival.

10.Thepriceofmeathasrisenfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecenlly.（保持原句意思）

Thepriceofmeatfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.

【知识梳理3】

T1__________________________.TT_________________________毋i%也tlU士+7

make,see,watch,hear,notice,feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。

常月

《不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态

Thepricehasbeenrisen.（X7）Thepricehasrisen.

（错）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek（对）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.

（错）Thepricehasraised.（对）Thepricehasbeenraised.

（错）Pleaseseat.（对）Pleasebeseated.

Prove,

表示主语状态特征的连系动词无被动语态

例如：一Doyoulikethematerial?一Yes,itiverysoft.

A.isfeelingB.feltCfeelsD.isfelt

Yourideasoundsreasonable.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.

The

在need,require,want,beworth（形容词）,deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式

Thill--------

Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。

1口ilA幺匕II匚E/trnrH~~I\L/柏甘比曲主q遭遇不圭）

rn特殊结构表达被动含义

Ihadmywalletstolen/lostlastSundaywhenIwasshopping.

Hegothislegbrokenwhenplayingfootball.

Iboughtthesebooksatadiscountandhadtwohundreddollarssaved.

常.二easily...）或

否定词1主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词

例如U—

Themachinerunswell.Thispenwritesquitesmoothly.

Thebookshelfhardlysells.Thisnewbooksellswell.

Thedoorwillnotopen.（这扇门就是打不开。）Thisdresswashesbetter.（这衣服较好洗。）

Thesignreadsasfollows.（这牌子告示如下。）

被动语态优美句型赏析

l.ThetobetheheabHi

A.conItissaidthat........据说Itisreportedthat.......据报道

2.JohrItishopedthat........希望Itisbelievedthat........人们相信

据宣布（）众所周知

A.woiItisannouncedthat........Itiswellknownthat........

Ithasbeendecidedthat........已经决定Itissupposedthat.......人们认为

3.Mr.

Itissuggestedthat........有人建议Itmustberememberedthat........务必记住

A.ope

Itistakenforgrantedthat.......被视为当然

C.was

4.The

A.finisfife.willbefinishedD.wouldfinish

5.Theoldscientistsaidthathetovisittheircountrybeforelong.

A.invitedB.hadinvited

C.wasinvitingD.wouldbeinvited

6.WiththehelpoftheHopeProject,moreandmorenewschools.inthepoorarea.

A.builtB.havebuilt

C.havebeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilding

7.Hecameoutandtoldthatthework.A.finished

B.wasfinished

C.hadfinishedD.hadbeenfinished

远大未来奋斗小子

8.Theprogrammeseasilyifyouuseashortwaveradio.

A.canpickupB.pickup

C.pickedupD.canbepickedup

锦堂检恻I.Today,moreandmorefamiliestotakepartincommunityservice.

A.encouragedB.encourageC.wereencouragedD.areencouraged

2.—MeiMei,doyouknowwhythetwosessions（两会）inspringeveryyear?

—Fvenoidea.Lefsaskourteacher.

A.areheldB.isheldC.holdD.areholding

3.Thegraduationceremonyinourschoolhalleveryyear.Ithasbecomeatradition.

A.holdsB.willholdC.isheldD.willbeheld

4.一Lanlan,didyougohomeduringQingmingFestival?

—No,InottoleaveShanghai.

A.tellB.toldC.amtoldD.wastold

5.—Eric,youtogototheteachers,officejustnow.What'sup?

—Wearen'tallowedtobringphonestoschool.Er,butIbroketherule.

A.askedB.askC.areaskedD.wereasked

6.Foramomenthewascompletelyoverbythenewsofhisfriend^death.

A.knockedB.knockingC.turnedD.turning

7.一AsChinagrowsstrongerandstronger,Chineseinmoreschoolsabroad.

一That'strue.AsaChinese,Ifeelveryproud.

A.teachesB.taughtC.istaughtD.wastaught

8.Anewairportinthesouthofourcitylastyear.Itisveryconvenienttogothere.

A.builtB.willbuildC.wasbuiltD.willbebuilt

9.—DoyouknowinTokyo?

—Itwillbeputoff,butthedatehasn'tbeendecidedyet.A.whenwillthe32ndOlympicGamestakeplace

B.whenthe32ndOlympicGameswillbeheld

C.whenwillthe32ndOlympicGamesbeheldD.whenthe32ndOlympicGameswillbetakenplace

10.LotsoftreesonMarch,12intheparknearmyhome.

A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.willbeplanted

11.The24thWinterOlympicGamesonFebruary4th,2022inChina.

A.holdsB.heldC.isheldD.willbeheld

12.The31stSummerWorldUniversityGamesinChengduinJune,2022.1can'twait!

A.wereheldB.willbeheldC.hasbeenheldD.areheld

13.Whatamess!Thehouselookslikeitformonths.

A.iscleanedB.wasn'tcleanedC.willbecleanedD.hasn'tbeencleaned

14.GreatprogressinstudyingthenewmedicineforAIDSrecently.

A.willbemadeB.ismadeC.hasbeenmadeD.wasmade

15.Nomatterwhatdifficultiesthescientistmeetswith,hebelievesallproblemscanintheend.

A.solveB.tosolveC.solvingD.besolved

16.Peopleunder18shouldn'ttoInternetBar.

A.allowtogoB.allowedtogoC.beallowedtogoD.beallowedgoing

17.—MoretreesneedtobeplantedinthenorthwestofChina

一Yes.Withenoughtrees,sandstorms（沙尘暴）could.

A.protectB.beprotectedC.stopD.bestopped

18.—Mum,canIgotoJieFangbeiwithKevin?Hejustgothisdriver'slicense.

一No,Idon'tthinksixteen-year-oldsshouldtodriveinChina.

A.allowB.beallowedC.allowedD.beallowing

19.Thesilkclothescan'tinthewashingmachine.

A.bewashedB.washC.washedD.washing

20.—DoyouknowaboutHUAWEI5Gmobilephones?

一Yes.It*ssaidthattheyatpresent.

A.sellwellB.aresoldwellC.sellgoodD.aresoldgood

21.Gulliver'sTravelssowellthatitoutinalltheshopsinmytown.

A.issold;sellB.sells;sellsC.issold;issoldD.sells;issold

22.Yangzhouisagreenercitynowbecausemoreandmoretreeseveryspring.

A.wereplantedB.areplantedC.willbeplantedD.haveplanted23.Althoughagreatdealofmoney

atthecharityshow,thecostoflivingalot,sowewillneedtodomuchworktohelpthepoor

people.

A.wasraised;hasraisedB.wasraised;hasrisenC.rose;wasraisedD.rose;has

risen

24.Worriesinlifeifyouspeakouttoyourclosefriend.

A.willbereducedB.werereducing

C.willreduceD.werereduced

25.一Doyouneedanyhelp?

——No,thanks.Wealotsupportsincelastyear.

A.haveofferedB.havebeenofferedC.wereofferedD.wereoffering

26.Inthepastseveralmonthsanewcommunityparkandwillbeopentothepublicsoon.

A.isbuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.willbebuilt

27.—thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.

—Yes,italldependsontheweather.

A.FvebeentoldB.FvetoldC.PmtoldD.Itold

28.Themilkstrange.Doyouthinkit'sOKtodrink?

A.wastastedB.tastedC.istastingD.tastes

29.—Wherewillthe2022WinterOlympics,Cindy?

—InBeijing,thecapitalofChina,thefirstcitytohostbothSummerandWinterOlympics.

A.betakenplaceB.takepartC.takeplaceD.betakenpart

30.IwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseItheclothwell.

A.havetold;washedB.havebeentold;washes

C.havebeentold;washedD.wastold;washes

第3讲被动语态

及劭器褂

【知识梳理1】

教学建议:

由于此部分是复习课，建议老师采取以教代学的方式让学生各自负责一个知识点进行讲解，其他学生进行

提问。老师在过程中进行补充和总结。

二、基本概念］被动语态东主语和谓语的关系。如果主语是动

作的承受者，或者是说2以,门口/|、笈£出土mIU年其他人或物完

成的,则用被f''动

语态。主动语态和被动语态句子的

主语和宾语正好相反

语态的分

类及构成

1.动词的语态有两种：一种是主动语态（主语是动作的热行春），另一种是被动语态（主语是动作的承受

＜）o

主动语态被动语态

此时，由助动词be来反映时态的变化，常见有以下八种形式:

一般现在时am+过去分词

is

are

一般过去时was+过去分词

were

一般将来时shallbe+过去分词

will

现在完成时hasbeen+过去分词

have

现在进行时ambeing+过去分词

is

are

过去进行时wasbeing+过去分词

were

过去将来时shouldbe+过去分词

would

过去完成时hadbeen+过去分词

3）情态动词+（not）+be+（及物动词的）过去分词

can

maybe+（及物动词）过去分词

must

批注：这部分是重点内容，涉及到不同时态的被动语态变化，要让学生关注时态是如何体现的，尤其是完

成时和进行时的被动语态。具体技巧下面例句之后会有总结

【例题精讲】

1.PeopletosendupfireworksaroundthecenterofthecitylastSpringFestival.

A)weren'tallowedB)won'tbeallowed

C)arenotallowedD)haven,tbeenallowed

2.The87thAnnualAcademyAwards(奥斯卡金像奖)ceremonyinLosAngeles,USA,onFebruary

22,2015.

A)heldB)washeldC)washoldingD)hadbeenheld

3.Nowadaysnewtaxiapps(打车软件)tohelppeopletravelaroundmoreeasily.

A)areusedB)useC)usedD)isused

4.KeepreadingEnglisheveryday,andyourreadingskillsquickly.

A)improveB)willimproveC)areimprovedD)willbeimproved

5.Greatprogressinstudyingthenewmedicineforcancerrecently.

A)willbemadeB)ismadeC)hasbeenmadeD)wasmade

6.Thelibraryofourneighbourhoodtenhoursaday.

A)opensB)isopenC)hasopenedD)isopened

7.Theriverbywasteproductsfromthefactory.Wecanfindnofishinit.

A)haspollutedB)willpolluteC)hasbeenpollutedD)willbepolluted

1-7ABADCBC

【巩固练习】

1.Ifsterribletohearthatsomestudentswhentheytookaschoolbus.

A.killedB.arekilledC.werekilledD.havekilled

2.Ifallbusinessesgopaperless,atleastonemilliontonsofpaper

A.willsaveB.issavedC.willbesavedD.saves

3.InsomeEnglishclasses,picturesareusedthestudentslearnnewwords.

A.tohelpB.tohelpingC.forbeinghelpedD.forhavinghelped

4.Themistakesinthereportbythegroupleadersafterclass.

A.willbecorrectedB.iscorrected

C.correctedD.havecorrected

5.Don'tworry,yourpackagehereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.

A.keptB.waskeepingC.hasbeenkeptD.willbekept

6.Manygraduatesbytheuniversitytocelebrateits100thbirthdaylastweek.

A.haveinvitedB.willinviteC.areinvitedD.wereinvited

7.-Haveyoumovedintoyournewflat,Mr.Smith?

-Notyet,theroomsnextmonth.

A.arepaintedB.arepaintingC.willpaintD.willbepainted

8.The2011NobelPrizeforMedicinetothreescientistslastmonth.

A.awardsB.awardedC.wasawardingD.wasawarded9.Thechildren

bythefunnyperformanceinShanghaiCircusWorld.

A.attractB.attractedC.areattractingD.wereattracted

10.AflowershownextweekintheparkandI'llgotovisititwithmyfamily.

A.isholdingB.willholdC.hasbeenheldD.willbeheld

1—5CCAAD6—10DDDDD

【知识梳理2】

被动语态的句法功能

1.当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。

2.当需要强调动作的承

受者而不是执行者时。

e.g.:Herbookwillbebroughttomorrowmorning.

3.汉语中的无主语，在英语中用被动语态。

e.g.:Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.

将其中一个宾语变为被动句另一个哀谖不都是把表示人的宾语即间接宾语变为主语；若

要把表示物的直接宾语宾语前加上与其相搭配的介

词）；其它变化同一般情

Wegavehersomebooks.Shewasgivensomebooksweregiventoherbyus.

Heshowedmeaticket.—Iwasshowedaticket(byhim).—Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.

Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.—>1wasboughtanewbike(bymyfather).一Anewbikewasboughtforme

bymyfather.

动词短语用于被动语态时，面的介词或副词。

Wecan'tlaughathim.'t版酗遁的被动语态

Helistenstotheradioeveryday.imeveryday.

Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.―>Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.

Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeensetupinmyhometown.

MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.

SuchathinghasneverbeenheardQfbefore.

总结：主动语态变为被动语态的方法

」主动语态：主语+谓语动词+宾语

（执行者）（承受者）

被动语态：主速e+道去分I口by+执行者）（承受者）一般省略

口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。

口诀2:如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,

1.T1nent

bring,show,tell...）

Park

口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来（feel,listento,hear,let,

A)p:

have,make,lookat,see,watch.......）

2.BlackteainChinaduringtheMingDynastyisawaytokeepteafresh.

B)inventedB)wasinventedC)isinventedD)isinventing

3.Thegirlshowtodanceamonthagoandnowtheycandancewell.

A)weretaughtB)willbetaughtC)aretaughtD)havebeentaught

4.Theboydownbyatruckwhenhewasrunningacrosstheroad.

B)isknockedB)wasknockedC)willbeknockedD)hasbeenknocked

5.HalfoftheBeijing'sprivatecarsofftheroadsduetoheavysmogonFriday.

A)orderB)areorderedC)orderedD)wereordered

6.AfterDonghaiBridge,itbecameanewtouristattraction.

A)completedB)completeC)iscompletedD)wascompleted

7.1achancetodecidewhetherIshouldattendthelectureornot.

A)gaveB)wasgivingC)wasgivenD)hadgiven

8.ADisneylandParkinShanghaiPudongNewAreainthenearfuture.

hasbuiltB)willbebuiltC)willbuildD)isbuilt9.The22ndWinterOlympicswill

inSochiearlythisyear.

A)beheldB)heldC)holdD)beingheld

10.Theoldmanwasupsetbecausehisfavouritevasebyhisgrandson.

A)breaksB)isbrokenC)brokeD)wasbroken

1-10DBABDDCBAD

【巩固练习】

1.Thegovernmenthasbuiltmanyparkingplacesforcarownersthisyear.(改为被动语态)

Manyparkingplacesforcarownersbuiltbythegovernmentthisyear.

2.ManyparentsinChinadon'tallowthekidstohavetheirownbankcards.(改为被动语态)

ThekidsinChina