会计英语Revenue and Expense教学课件

会计英语七.一Revenue七.一.一DefinitionofRevenueTheincreaseineconomicresourceseitherthroughincreasestoassetsorreductionstoliabilities..Chapter七RevenueandExpenseVarioustermscanusedtodescribedifferenttypesofrevenueSalemissionsEarnedmissionRevenueFeesEarnedinterestearnedAfirmearnsrevenuesasitengagesinactivitiesthatincreasethevalueorutilityofanitemorservice.Formostofthepanies,theearningprocessofrevenueisverylong七.一.二TheEarningProcessofRevenueRecognitionatpletionofEarningProcess.RecognitionPriortoDeliveryRecognitionAfterDeliveryRecognitionbyPercentage-of-pletion七.一.三RecognitionofRevenue七.二.一DefinitionofExpenseGenerallyspeaking,expenseistheexpenditurethatischargedagainstrevenue.Specifically,expenseisthedecreaseineconomicresourcesresultingfromreductionsofassetsoroccurrenceofliabilities.ExamplesofexpensesCostofemployees’salaries,advertising,rent,utilities,anddepreciation.Alltheseexpensesareessentialtoattractandservicecustomersandtherebyearnrevenue七.二ExpenseCostandexpenseusuallyoccuratthesametime,oratleastinthesameaccountingperiod.However,therearestillmanycoststhatcannotberecognizedimmediatelyasanexpense.Apanymustbeverycarefultousethesetwowordsandtrynottomisuse.

七.二.二CostVSExpenseAccordingtothematchingprinciple,oncerevenueshavebeenrecognizedinconformitywiththerevenuerecognitioncriteriaforanyreportingperiod,expensesoccurredingeneratingtheserevenuesshouldalsoberecognizedinthesameperiod.七.二.三RecognitionofExpense（一）CostofGoodsSoldThedeterminationofcostofgoodssoldinvolvesallocatingthetotalcostofgoodsavailableforsalebetweenthecostofgoodssoldandthecostoftheendinginventory.七.二.四SpecificExpenseItems（二）SellingExpensesDefinitionExpensesoccurredintheprocessofsellingproducts,semi-finishedgoodsandservices.Examplespackagingexpensesbornebythepany,transportationexpensesadvertisingexpensesinsuranceexpensesmissionexpenses……七.二.四SpecificExpenseItems（三）AdministrativeExpensesExpensesusedtoorganizeandmanageproductionandotherbusinessactivities.Administrativeexpensesshouldberecordedinthecurrentprofitsandlossesduringtheoccurrenceperiod.Bothsellingexpensesandadministrativeexpensesareperiod七.二.四SpecificExpenseItems（四）DepreciationExpensesDepreciationisthetermforallocatinganyfixedasset’scosttotheperiodsofitsuseorbenefits,regardlessofthetypeofassets.Depreciationexpensesshouldberecognizedinarationalandsystematicmannerappropriatetothenatureofthefixedasset.Themostmondepreciationmethodsincludethestraight-linemethod,theunitsofproductionmethod,thedecliningbalancemethodandthesum-of-years-digitsmethod.七.二.四SpecificExpenseItems五.ResearchandDevelopmentCostsResearchanddevelopment(R&D)areactivitiesundertakenbyafirmtocreatenewproducts,designnewprocesses,improveoldproducts,ortodiscovervaluablenewknowledge.TheInternationalAccountingStandards(IAS)distinguishesresearchfromdevelopmentandprovidesguidanceindealingwiththeminfinancialreporting.Researchisplannedinvestigationundertakenwiththehopegainingnewscientificortechnicalknowledgeandunderstanding.Developmentisthetranslationofresearchfindingsorotherknowledgeintothedesignofnewmaterials,devices,products,processes,systems,orservicesbeforeproducethemmercially.Researchcostsshouldbechargedtoexpenseswhenoccurredanddevelopmentcostsmaybecapitalized.Ifdevelopmentcostsarecapitalized,theymustalsobeamortizedovertheperiodofmercialproduction.七.二.四SpecificExpenseItemssalesmissionearned销售佣金feesearned服务费收入recognitionatpletionofearningprocess收入创造过程结束时确认收入recognitionpriortodelivery货前确认收入recognitionafterdelivery