一轮总复习学案必修1unit2Heroes

Unit2Heroes(主题语境:人与社会——历史、社会与文化)核心考点课堂突破1.calmadj.镇静的,沉着的v.使安静,使镇静[高考佳句](2020·天津卷)Thedeep,gentlevoicehelpedcalmthenervousgirl.这个深沉,温柔的声音帮这个紧张的女孩平静下来了。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Frommypointofview,suchwonderfulthingswillcalmyoueasilyandgiveyouthecouragetomoveon.

②Thegirltookadeepbreathtocalm(she)down.

③Onlyifyouget(calm)canyoubehavebetterintheperformance.

[小话题写作]④在火灾面前,我们应该做的就是保持冷静。

考点必记①calmdown安静下来calmsbdown使某人安静下来calmoneself(down)使自己镇静下来②keep/stay/remaincalm保持冷静[词汇辨析]①calm“平静的,沉着的”,指无风浪或人的心情不激动。②quiet“宁静的,安静的”,指没有声音,不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑,也指人“文静的,少语的”。③still“静止的,不动的”,指没有运动或动作的状态。④silent“(人)沉默的,不作声的,未说出的;(物)寂静无声的”。2.generousadj.慷慨的,大方的[高考佳句](2020·江苏卷)Oneself-deprecatingcommentisagenerousandevenconfidentformofhumor.一句自嘲的话是一种慷慨的甚至自信的幽默形式。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Thoughpoorerthanhissister,Blakeyisasgenerousasherthepoor.

②It’sreallygenerousthekidtosharehistoyswithhismates.

③ThevictimscouldneverthankthoseChineseenoughfortheir(generous).

[小话题写作]④他如此知识渊博,为人慷慨,有责任心,以至于我非常尊敬和爱戴他。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)

考点必记①begenerouswith用……大方begenerousto对……大方It’sgenerousofsbtodosth某人做某事是慷慨的②generosityn.慷慨,大方anactofgenerosity慷慨之举generouslyadv.慷慨地,大方地3.charactern.品格;特性;(小说、戏剧中的)人物,角色;性格;(汉)字,字体[教材原句]NemoisthemaincharacterinthemovieFindingNemo.(P21)尼莫是电影《海底总动员》中的主角。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Thethree(character)intheplayareimaginary.

②Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysical(characteristic).(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解D篇改编)

③Thetwinslookthesame,buttheyaredifferentcharacter.

[小话题写作]④Stephen在秋天感到孤独,但同时也享受秋天的宁静。

考点必记①bedifferentincharacter有着不同的特性aleadingcharacter主角outofcharacter不符合某人的性格,和……不相称②characteristicn.特征,特性,特色adj.特有的,典型的,表示特性的[名师点津]Itischaracteristicofsbtodosth做某事是某人的典型特征,此处的characteristic可以换成typical。4.foundvt.建立,创立[教材原句]Heledthe1911revolutionandfoundedthefirstrepublicofChina.(P24)他领导了1911年的革命,并创立了中国的第一个共和国。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①BostonChildren’sMuseum,oneofthemostinfluentialchildren’smuseumsintheworld,(found)in1913bytheScienceTeachers’Bureau,agroupofeducatorsdevotingthemselvestoprovidingnewresourcesforbothteachersandstudents.

②Agoodgroupshouldbefoundedunderstanding.

③Theschoolhasservedthecommunitysinceits(found)in1835.

考点必记①foundacity/club/company建起城市/俱乐部/公司foundsthon基于,把某物建立在……上②foundationn.基础;建立;根据layafoundationof打下(……的)基础withoutfoundation无事实依据shake/rockthefoundationsof从根本上动摇[易错辨析]found建立,建造found—founded—foundedfind找到,发现find—found—found5.equaladj.平等的,均等的;相同的;能胜任的vt.比得上,敌得过n.对手,同辈,匹敌[教材原句]Kingdidn’twanttobecausehebelievedblackandwhitepeopleshouldenjoyequalrights.(P24)金不想(让座),因为他认为黑人和白人应该享有平等的权利。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Aftertherichmanpassedaway,hispropertywas(equal)distributedtohisthreesons.

②Nownohuman’sabilityinthisfieldcanbeequalthatoftheAI.

③Theyliveandworktogetherincomplete(equal)andbrotherhood.

[小话题写作]④在经理看来,只有乔能胜任这个职位。Inthemanager’sopinion,itisnobodybutJoethatthisposition.

考点必记①beequalin在某方面相等beequalto与……相等;胜任……AequalsBin...A在……方面比得上B②equalityn.平等equallyadv.平等地,均等地unequaladj.不平等的[名师点津]“胜任”的不同表达:beequaltobeuptobesuitable/fitforbequalifiedforbecompetentforbethebestchoicefor6.strugglen.斗争,拼搏vt.搏斗,斗争;努力;挣扎[教材原句]Aftersomestruggle,blacksandwhiteswereabletosittogetheronbuses.(P24)斗争后,在公交车上黑人和白人能坐在一起了。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Ifeveryonestrugglespollution,wewillhaveanenvironmentallyfriendlyworld.

②Theemployeesstruggledtheirrightsofhavinghighpays.

③Look!Thetigerisstruggling(escape)fromthecage.

考点必记struggletodosth努力去做某事strugglewith/against和……做斗争strugglefor为……而努力/奋斗struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来[名师点津]努力去做某事的多种表达:strivetodosthtrytodosthseektodosthtakepainstodosthsparenoeffortstodopetevi.比赛,竞争[教材原句]Hehasalwaysbeenverystrictwithhisdaughters,trainingthemhardtocompeteagainsteachother.(P26)他对女儿们总是很严格,努力训练她们,并让她们相互竞争。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Wearein(compete)withfourothercompaniesforthecontract.

②Workinginsucha(compete)industry,I’vesometimesthought,“Ican’tdothisanymore.”

③Museumsmustcompetepeople’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)

[小话题写作]④这个星期天上午8点我们将在学校操场举办第五届排球赛,详细信息如下。

考点必记①compete(withsb)forsth为某物(与某人)竞争competein参加……②competitionn.竞争incompetitionwith和……竞争competitorn.竞争者competitiveadj.有竞争意识的,富有竞争力的[写作佳句]Insuchacompetitivesociety,wemustequipourselveswithrichknowledge.在这样一个富有竞争力的社会,我们必须用掌握丰富的知识武装自己。8.promotevt.促进;提升,升迁;促销[教材原句]Healsoraisedalotofmoneytopromotemedicalresearchintobackinjuries.(P28)他还筹集了许多钱用来促进背部损伤的医学研究。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Morehigh-speedrailwayswillbebuiltinthewestsoon(promote)thelocaleconomy.

②Throughhardwork,Roseeventuallywaspromotedamanager.

③Thenewsofthemanager’s(promote)isalreadyknowntonearlyeveryoneintheoffice.

[翻译句子]④这个故事反映出一个道理,经验有助于促进卓越。

考点必记①promoteaproduct促销一种产品promotesbto...提升/晋升某人promotesbas...提升/晋升某人为……promotefriendship增进友谊②promotionn.提拔,促进getpromotion/getpromoted获得晋升[写作佳句]OnlyifIworkhardercanIpromotemyselfandkeepupwithothers.我只有更加努力才能提升自己,赶上别人。9.injuryn.损害,伤害[教材原句]Healsoraisedalotofmoneytopromotemedicalresearchintobackinjuries.(P28)他还筹集了许多钱用来促进背部损伤的医学研究。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Becareful.You’lldoyourselfinjury.

②Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankles(injure)andthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.(2018·北京卷,阅读理解A篇)

③Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonce(injure)anklehurtbadly.(2018·北京卷,阅读理解A篇)

[小话题写作]④这种新的设计可以最大限度地保护乘客以免受伤。

考点必记①doaninjuryto伤害,危害,对……有害dosbaninjury=doaninjurytosb伤害某人②injurevt.受伤bebadly/seriouslyinjured严重受伤theinjured伤者[词汇辨析]①hurt可指肉体上的轻伤,也可指感情上的挫伤。②wound常指在打斗中由外来暴力造成的刀伤、枪伤,程度较重。③injure指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失;也多指意外事故对肉体、健康造成的伤害。④harm多指对人的肉体或精神上带来的伤害。10.commitv.犯(错误或罪);做(坏事)[教材原句]Ofcourse,I’vehadmomentsoffeelingsorryformyself,butI’veneverhadanythoughtsofcommittingsuicide.(P28)当然,有时我确实感到遗憾,但从未有过自杀的念头。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空]①Aftergraduation,Brucecommitted(he)tochangingpeople’slifeinthewest.

②TheschoolsthatIvisitinNottinghamarefullofexperiencedstaffcommittedto(give)ourchildrenacaringandinspiringlearningenvironment.

③Iwasimpressedbytheenergyand(commit)shownbytheplayers.

[小话题写作]④乔治喜欢演奏这种乐器,并且致力于去练习。Georgelovesplayingtheinstrument,andheit.

考点必记①commitmurder/suicide谋杀/自杀commitanerror做错事commitcrime犯罪commitoneselfto(doing)sth保证(做)某事;致力于(做)某事becommittedtoprison被关进监狱becommittedtodoingsth致力于做某事②commitmentn.承诺,诺言;承担的义务makeacommitmenttosb向某人承诺[名师点津]表示“致力于做某事”的短语还有:bededicatedindoingsthapplyoneselftodoingsthbedevotedtodoingsthbeabsorbedindoingsth11.involvevt.涉及,参与;牵涉,牵连;包括,包含[教材原句]Howdidyougetinvolvedwithcharitywork?(P28)你是怎样参与到慈善事业中去的?语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空]①Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishIhadasecondchancetobecomemore(involve).(2018·江苏卷,单项填空)

②Robinsonassessedparental(involve)performanceandfoundoneofthemostdamagingthingsaparentcoulddowastopunishtheirchildrenforpoormarks.

[小话题写作]③上周我们学校举办了成人礼,活动主要包括成长点滴回顾、观看校友勇敢与疾病作斗争的事迹录像等。

考点必记①involvesbin(doing)sth参加,参与get/beinvolvedin卷入,专注于beinvolvedwith关注,和……有关系②involvedadj.复杂的;纠缠的;有关的involvementn.参与,加入;沉迷[写作佳句]Frommypointofview,ateacherissupposedtotrytoinvolveasmanystudentsaspossibleintheclassactivities.依我的观点,老师应该尽力让尽可能多的学生参与到课堂活动中。12.giveup放弃[教材原句]Haveyouthoughtofgivingupaftertheaccident?(P28)事故发生后,你想过放弃吗?语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Irenesaid,“Idon’tseeanyreasontogivework.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsIhavemadeovertheyears.”(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,语法填空)

②Bodylanguagecangivealotaboutyourmood,sostandingwithyourarmsfoldedcansendoutasignalthatyouarebeingdefensive.

③ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgiven.

④AtfirstRobertwouldn’tlethisdaughtergodiving,buteventuallyhegaveasshewassoconfidentaboutherskills.(2018·天津卷,单项填空)

[小话题写作]⑤陈薇作为一名医生和军人,她从未向困难低过头,哪怕是在极端危险的处境中。

考点必记giveaway颁发(奖品);捐赠,赠送;放弃(机会等);泄露(秘密等)giveoff放出(气味、热、光等)givein屈服,投降;提交(+tosb)giveout分发,分配;发表;散发;精疲力竭,用尽;出故障givewayto撤退;让步,让路;让……优先giveback归还;恢复;反射(光、声音等)givesbalift让某人搭便车[写作佳句]NeverwillIgiveupevenifIfailmanytimes.即使失败多次,我也绝不放弃。13.cometo达到某种状态;苏醒过来;谈到[教材原句]Fourdaysaftertheinjury,Icametounderstandmysituation.(P28)受伤四天后,我就开始理解自己的处境了。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Theengineercame(realize)howimportantitwastolearnhowtooperateanAI.

②Shouldyoucomewastepaperthrownoutofapassingcar,pickitup.(2018·浙江卷,七选五)

③Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenit(come)tobrainpower,moremustbebetter.(2019·江苏卷,任务型阅读)

[小话题写作]④更为重要的是,我们开始意识到向各种困难挑战自我是我们的责任。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)

考点必记cometofeel/realize/understand开始感觉到/意识到/理解cometoanend结束cometoadecision做出决定whenitcomesto(doing)sth当谈及(做)某事comeacross偶然遇见;被理解comeabout发生comeon上场;加油;得了吧comeout出版;出现;结果是[名师点津]表示“发生;出版”等词义的come相关短语无被动结构,通常只使用主动进行表达,如comeabout,comeout。14.where引导宾语从句[教材原句]AsYangLiweireturnedintotheearth’satmosphere,helicopterswereflyingtowherehewouldland,readytocollecthim.(P23)当杨利伟返回地球大气层的时候,直升机已经在飞往他着陆地点的途中,准备接他。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Abouttwohourslaterthechildrenreturnedtotheyputtheirfood.

②Thelibraryisbeingbuiltinusedtobeapond.

③Theyhavetransformedthemselvesintoplacesyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledge,meetinterestingpeople,orfindouthowtostartabusiness.(2020·天津卷,阅读理解A篇)

[小话题写作]④她发现了一把锋利的刀,用它可以把盒子打开。

考点必记句中wherehewouldland为where引导的宾语从句,做介词to的宾语,where在宾语从句中充当状语。[名师点津]①注意宾语从句和定语从句的区别:介词后接宾语从句表示的是介词连接的内容,而“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句则是对前面的先行词进行修饰和限制。②注意关系副词引导宾语从句和关系副词引导状语从句时的区别:介词后接宾语从句时,宾语从句作为整体充当介词宾语,而关系副词引导状语从句则在句中修饰谓语动词或副词等。15.too...to...句型[教材原句]YangLiweiwashappytobehomebuthesaid,“Ithought21hourswastooshorttostayinspace.”(P23)返回地面的杨利伟很高兴,但他说:“我觉得在太空只停留21个小时真是太短暂了。”语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchhugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.(2019·江苏卷,阅读理解B篇)

②Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’sneverearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyandmeaningfulcollegeexperience.(2019·北京卷,语法填空)

[小话题写作]③我们的邻居Frank先生一直都非常乐意去帮助那些贫穷的孩子,这一点所有人都表示赞赏。

考点必记too+adj./adv.+(forsb)todo常用以表示“(对某人来说)太……而不能……”,肯定结构表达否定意义。[名师点津]下面几种情况下too...to...结构的意义:①too...to...和表示人的心理状态的形容词连用,表示肯定意义。此类词有happy,glad,ready,anxious,eager,willing,pleased,thankful等。②把never/not等否定词放在too前,表示肯定。③cannottoo...(to...)表示“越……越好;再……也不为过”。16.动词-ing形式做状语[教材原句]Hehasalwaysbeenverystrictwithhisdaughters,trainingthemhardtocompeteagainsteachother.(P26)他对女儿们总是很严格,努力训练她们,并让她们相互竞争。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空]①Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,(whisper)support.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解B篇)

②Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,(allow)evenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)

[小话题写作]③当听见他们老师的声音时,学生们立刻停止了谈话。

考点必记此处动词-ing形式做状语表示伴随状况,动词-ing形式和句子主语之间为主动关系。动词-ing形式做状语除了表示伴随状况之外,还常表示时间、原因、让步、结果、条件等。[名师点津]①动词-ing形式做状语常可改为一个从句。②当做状语的动词-ing形式的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生,则常用其完成形式havingdone。17.notonly...butalso...句型[教材原句]Thisnotonlydrewpublicattentiontoresearchintobackinjuriesbutalsoencouragedalotofpeoplelivingwithallkindsofproblems.(P28)这不仅引起了公众对背部受伤问题的关注,还鼓舞了很多有各种问题的人。语境巧练[完成句子]①通过这样做,我不仅能和别人分享好的想法,也能学会清晰地表达自己的观点。Bydoingso,Icansharegoodideaswithothersbutalsolearntoexpressmyselfclearly.

②你将不仅帮助我们的年轻志愿者的个人发展,也将学会新的技能,提高你的文化意识。ouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.(用部分倒装句)(2019·北京卷,阅读理解A篇)

[小话题写作]③劳动不仅锻炼了我们的身体,还让我们懂得珍惜劳动成果。

考点必记①notonly...butalso...在句中连接两个并列成分。②notonly...butalso...连接并列主语时谓语动词的人称和数应用“就近一致”原则来确定。③notonly放在句首时,句子常用部分倒装语序。[写作佳句]NotonlycantheAIhelpwiththehousework,itcanalsocommunicatewithyou.这台人工智能不仅能帮着干家务活,它还能和你交流。随堂巩固迁移运用Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshow(generous)andsympathy.(2019·浙江卷,阅读理解B篇)

2.Althoughshe(found)hercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.(2019·北京卷,阅读理解B篇)

3.Matilda’sbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress,MissTrunchbull,are(equal)funnyandfrightening,butthey’realsoaspirational.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解A篇)

4.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggledebtandmisfortune.(2019·天津卷,阅读理解D篇)

5.Iwasturneddowneverywhere,exceptatonepublisher,ayoungwomantoldmeIwasn’tverygood.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷,听力)

6.Anursecanneverbepatienttotreatpatients.

7.Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷,语法填空)

8.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadeexposedtodaylight.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D篇)

9.ItwasMr.ZhangmademeperceivetheimportanceoflearningEnglishwell.

10.AnxiouslyIwenttobeddreamingaboutIwouldfindatthetopofthismagicalmountain.(2018·天津卷,阅读表达)

Ⅱ.选短语填空letout,inone’sopinion,competeagainst,giveup,pullthrough,getonwellwith,cometoanendInmostcases,competitorswill1.eachotherfiercelyinthematch.2.,myclassmateMarkisagoodathlete.But,unfortunately,inlastSunday’sfootballmatch,hefelldown,injuredhisfootand3.ascream,buthedidn’t4..Whenthematch5.,hecouldn’tmovehisfootforaninchatall.IreallyhopeMarkwill6.hisstudyafterhe7..

Ⅲ.根据汉语提示补全短文内容EveryathletewantstotakepartintheOlympicGamesandbecomeahero,1.(这对他们来说是种非常重要的时刻).2.(尽管他们都知道取得成功不容易),theystilltakeitseriouslyand3.(对他们自己很有信心).Unfortunately,4.(并不是所有的运动员都可以参加奥林匹克运动会).Weadmirethoseathletes5.(为祖国做出贡献的人),andtheyalsodeserveourcongratulations.

Unit2Heroes核心考点·课堂突破1.①down②herself③calmer④Whatweshoulddoiskeepcalminthefaceofthefire.2.①to②of③generosity④Heissoknowledgeable,generousandresponsiblethatIrespectandlovehimsomuch.3.①characters②characteristics③in④ItischaracteristicofStephentofeellonelyinautumnandenjoyitspeaceinthemeanwhile.4.①wasfounded②on③foundation5.①equally②to③equality④isequalto6.①against/with②for③toescape7.①competition②competitive③for④Wearegoingtoholdthe5thVolleyballCompetitionat8:00amthisSundayonthescho