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2000年全真试PartⅠClose2000年全真试PartⅠClose［C］and［D］.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)①Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.②Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediately.③Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.④Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.⑤Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.⑦Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.⑧Naturallyhe obtainable.onlyifmuchasinsteadof［C］［C］［C］［C］self-10.［A］PartⅡReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage①Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondtheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.③Itsscientistswerethesbest;itsworkersmostskilled.④(11)AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.①Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.②Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.)⑦（12）Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticAmerica’smachine-toolindustrywasonthe⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.②Americansstoppedtakingprosperityfor③Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.①Howthingshavechanged!②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.③（14）FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.④Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofGovernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeopleStates.［429TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarII［A］ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthis［B］itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthan［C］thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotential［D］theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitsThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.［A］TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomestic［B］semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeign［C］machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidal［D］autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticWhatcanbeinferredfromthe［A］Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblind［B］Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomic［C］Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternational［D］Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurther14.Theauthorseemstobelievetherevivalof14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeto［A］turningofthebusiness［C］improvedbusiness［B］restructuringof［D］successinPassage①（15）Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.②Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.③Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦Fiftyyearsago,chanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsAkilogramlightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.①Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewer②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.③Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.④Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.⑥（16）Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.⑦IndiashowswhatisThecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiespovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.⑧Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.②Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,000years—eventhepast100years—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.⑤（17）Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.⑥Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“lookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.”⑦Nodoubtwewillremembera20thwayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsButhoweveramazedourdescendantsbeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.［40615.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirst［A］Alackof［C］Alowersurvival［B］Afierce［D］AdefectiveWhatdoestheexampleofIndia［A］Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoor［B］Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthe［C］Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthe［D］IndiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthTheauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolving［A］lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnological［B］thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeen［C］ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageof［D］thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyis18.Whichofthefollowing18.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthe［A］SexRatioChangesinHuman［B］WaysofContinuingMan’s［C］TheEvolutionaryFutureof［D］HumanEvolutionGoingPassage①（20）Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.②WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehaveconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.⑥Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.①Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.②ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-five①（22）This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.③Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?［334words］Thispassageis［A］asurveyofnewapproachesto［B］areviewofFuturist［C］aboutmeritsoftheFuturist［D］aboutlawsandrequirementsofWhenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtry［A］determineits［C］followthenew21.Futuristsclaimthatwe［A］increasetheproductionof［B］usepoetrytorelievemodern［C］developnewmodesof［D］avoidusingadjectivesand［B］ignoreits［D］acceptthe22.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetry［A］basedonreasonable［B］newandacceptabletoordinary［C］indicative［C］indicativeofabasicchangeinhuman［D］moreofatransientphenomenonthanPassage①（23）AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.②ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.③Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon’tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.①Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.②Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.③Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.①Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.②（25）“Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores—personality,ability,courageorhumanity—arecompletelyignored,”saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty’seducationcommittee.③“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild.”④LastyearJapanexperienced2，125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.⑤Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.⑥LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe“Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents.”①（26）ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.②“InJapan,”sayseducatorYokoMuro,“it’sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure.”③Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan’s119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.④UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,thediscomfortisbeginningtotell.⑤Inthepastdecade,theJapanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.［447words］23IntheWesterners’eyesthepostwarJapan［A］underaimless［C］arivaltothe［B］apositive［D］ontheAccordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanese［A］Women’sparticipationinsocialactivitiesis［B］Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeir［C］Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthe［D］Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothe［A］［A］Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocial［B］Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellas［C］Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationof［D］DroppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttestThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefact［A］theyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsin［B］thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatinthe［C］theJapaneseenduremorethanever［D］theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentPassage①（27）Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.②Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.③（28）Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.④Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition—ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.⑤Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.①Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.②Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs—thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.③（29）Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.④Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.⑤Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”①Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.②Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.③Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.④Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.⑤Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.［431words］Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregarded［A］itsreturnswellcompensateforthe［B］itisrewardedwithmoney,fameand［C］itsgoalsarespiritualratherthan［D］itissharedbytherichandtheThelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatit［A］customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitionin［B］toolate［B］toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenlet［C］dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthe［D］impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromSomepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambition［A］theythinkofitas［B］theirpursuitsarenotfameor［C］ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterial［D］theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandFromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbe［A］secretlyand［C］easilyand［B］openlyand［D］verballyandPartⅢEnglish-ChineseReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoYourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.31）Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.32）Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofall33）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,34）intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.35）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingtheminto［390Section［390SectionⅣWriting(15Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEETYouressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1）Describethepictures.DeducethepurposeofthepainteroftheSuggestcounter-2000年英语试题答ⅠCloze1.6..9.2000年英语试题答ⅠCloze1.6..9.5.10.Passage11.C12.14.PartEnglish-ChineseSectionⅣWriting(15试题精PartⅠClose一、试题精PartⅠClose一、文章总体分二、试题具体解1.\[Aotherthan[Cinsteadof而不是……（表选择[B]aswellas也，又（表示附加[D]morethan比……更多（表比较［快速解题］文章首句的含义是：一个农民要想成功，就必须努力保持其消费和生产（存储大量的粮食consumingallhisgrainimmediately（立即把他所有的粮食都insteadof符合要求，意为“他必须存［空格设置］insteadof是连接性介词，体现上下文语义上的逻辑关系。insteadof表如：Iwillstayathomeinsteadofgoingout.我将待在家里，不出门。其他连接性介词还包括becauseof（因为，despite（尽管，besides（除了）等。句中，实际上是对后面部分的肯定，如：Idon’tknowanyFrenchpeopleotherthanyou.除了不认识别的法国人其他Theeditorsaswellastheproofreadersareworkingovertime.编辑和校对者都在加班工作。Ilikehermorethanherhusband.我比较喜欢她，不太喜欢她丈2.[Aonlyif只要，只有(表条件[C]longbefore早在…以前(表时间[B]muchas尽管，虽然(表让步[D]eversince自从(表时间［快速解题］考生需判断空格前后部分之间的逻辑关系。显然，heproducesasurplushecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamilyonlyif引导条storeastorealargequantityofgrainproducesasurplus是近义复现，实［空格设置］onlyifonlyifif的强调形式，在文中用于强调存储粮食的必要性。onlyif用于句首时，主句一般要倒装，如：Onlyiftheredlightcomesonisthereanythingwrongwiththemachine.只要红灯一亮，就表示机器出毛病了。②句中的考点还包括：一，熟词僻义。句中support意为toprovideeverythingnecessary,esp.moneysothatsb/sthcanliveorexist“养活，赡养，维持”，如：Markhastosupporttwochildrenfromhisfirstmarriage.马克得供养他第一次婚姻生的两个孩子。Heturnedtocrimetosupporthisdrughabit.他为维持吸毒的恶习而走上犯罪的道路。二，根据上下文选词。句中surplus为名词，意为“过剩（量，剩余（额agriculturalsurpluses过剩的农产品。它和上文storealargequantity相呼应。［干扰项设置］其他项也是主从复合句的连接词。例句：Muchassheneededthejob,shehadtorefuse.虽然她非常需要这份工作，她只能拒绝。ShehadseenthefilmabroadlongbeforeitwasshowninBeijing.早在这部电影在北京上映之前，她就在国外看过了。Shehadbeenworryingeversincetheletterarrived.自从接到那封信后她就一直焦虑不安。of+［快速解题］④句提到，农民可以将余粮用于三种用途：asseed，asaninsuranceasacommoditytheunpredictableeffectsofbadweather搭配，做劣天气影响的保障措施，能表达“预防”含义的介词只有against。［篇章分析］③句和④⑤句是并列关系，共同支持②句的观点：必须储存粮食。③句阐述储存余粮的目的；④⑤句介绍余粮的用途。④句主Hemustusethissurplus，介词短语inthreeways做状语，冒号后三个并列的as...介词结构列举了使用余粮的三种方式。［空格设置］against作为常用介词，其含义和用法非常丰富。against意为“反对，违him.证据对他不利；Putthepianoagainstthewall.把钢琴紧靠着墙；precautionsagainstfire防不测的）保障措施，安全保证”，如：Atthattimepeoplehadlargefamiliesasaninsuranceagainstsomechildrendying.那时人们养的子女很多，以防有孩子夭折。fightingfortheircountry为祖国出征的军人；或表示目的或用途，如：amachineforslicingattitudetowardsdeath我们对死亡的态度；Themoneywillgotowardsanewschoolbuilding.这4.[A]replacepurchase排列安排；）处置部署++排（dispose）replace表达的“用余粮换得的钱来买新农具以更换旧农具”符［篇章分析］此处commoditywhich引导的定语从句，具体说明余粮作为商品的用途：更换旧农具及购买化肥。定语从句中，inorderto连接两个并列的不定式结构toreplace...and(to)obtain...做目的状语。［空格设置］which引导的定语从句。replace一词含义虽然简单，但需要通过理解上下文意来解答。例句：toreplacemealswithsnacks不吃正餐，改吃点心；You’llbeexpectedtoreplaceanybrokenglasses.玻璃杯如有损坏，要负责赔偿。例句：Theypurchasedthelandfor$1million.他们以100万美元买下了这块土地。adiet5.[Aenhance提高，增强，增进（效力、影响、价值等［快速解题］空格部分谈到农民把余粮作为商品出售的另一目的：obtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoilenhance从含义上看似乎符合上下文语义要求，但它通常与抽feedsoil搭配，feed为引申义，意为“给土壤增加养料”，符合文意。［空格设置此题重点考查动词的用法及搭配。feed收入来养活一家五口。文中feed是比喻用法，需要根据上下文意理解。［干扰项设置］enhance在词义上形成干扰，如：Healthenhancesbeauty.健康使人显Oildoesnotmixwithwater.油不和水相溶。raisefeed构成近义干扰，如：raisecorn/cattle种植玉米/养牛；Theyraisedher(asaCatholic][C]paths[B]routes[D]channels+水渠或以其他方式来改进农场。⑤句中also一词表明了它与上文的并列逻辑关系。［空格设置］名词的固定搭配也是知识运用的常考点。channelthroughtheproperchannels.投诉必须通过正当途径进行。drainagechannelsthroughtheproperchannels.投诉必须通过正当途径进行。drainagechannelsinthericefields稻irrigation的搭配。（ascenic/coastalroute景色优美的/沿海的公路；anair/busroute飞行航线/公交路线，它也可比7.[A]self-confident［快速解题空格所在句子如果农民没了（来周转就不能［A［空格设置］此题实际上是通过考查复合形容词来考查上下文的语义。self-sufficientself-sufficient意为“自给自足的，自立的”，如：Thecountryistotallyself-sufficientinfood［干扰项设置］selffarmersself-confidentmanner自信的态度。Hehadaself-satisfiedsmileonhisface.他脸上挂着得意洋洋的笑容。herself-restrainedsmile她克制的微笑。8.[A]search[Coffer[B]save[D]seek（都不符合文意。search作“找寻”讲时，应搭for。因此正确答案seek，放入文中，意［篇章分析］cannotbeself-sufficient：他或者需要［干扰项设置］fundssearch干扰性较强，因此必须理“找寻（某人/物，如：searchedtheplaneforsurvivors搜查飞机寻找幸存者，Shesearchedinvainforherpassport.][C]rate][C]rate[B]percentage[D]ratio［快速解题］根据⑦句中的loans（贷款）以及本句的borrowmoney，可以推测出9ofinterest应表示利率。rateofinterestinterestrate意为“利率”，是固定搭配。［篇章分析］⑦⑧句是承接关系，⑦句提到农民不能自足时，要去借贷，⑧句说明借borrowmoneyextrafundsintheformofloans是近义复thebasicrateoftax基本税额。文中用到的是第二个含义。小、数量或程度上的关系theproportionofbirthstodeaths人口出生与死亡的比例；另相应的变化happinessnotinproportiontovirtue幸福与美德不成比例。percentage意为2to1.2∶110.Agenuinely[B]obviously[D]frequently［快速解题］but引导的转折分句，前文提到农民自然想获得低利率贷款，上不与obtainable搭配。obviously表示的“明显不可获得”过于绝对，不符合逻辑。presumably一般做句子副词单独使用，不和其他形容词连用。从意义上来看，只有［D］符［篇章分析］but连接的表转折关系的并列句，thiskindlowrateofinterest（低利率。［空格设置］本题通过考查副词词义，实际考查考生对上下文语义的理解，notfrequently与上文Naturallyhewill存在转折关系。［干扰项设置］其他项都是副词，是根据中文含义设置的干扰。例句：Hebelievesinwhathesells.Hewasobviouslydrunk.他显然是喝醉了。Presumablythebadweatherhasdelayedtheflight.大概恶劣的天气使飞机误点了。三、全文翻PartⅡReadingPartⅡReadingPassage一、核心词汇注ata困惑，不知例：I’matalosswhattodonext.我对下一步做什么心里没谱n.1.［C］(事故或战斗中的)伤亡人员*2.［C（某特定事件或情况造成的）受害者，.3.［U］急诊vi.*1.tograduallydisappear逐渐消失例：Herbeautyhasfadedalittle.她的美貌已有点失色。2.tobecomeweakerphysically(身体)变得虚弱（尤指因此导致重病或死亡）vt.&vi.（使）褪色（使）失去光例：Thesunhadfadedthecurtains.太阳把窗帘晒得a1.发红光的，白热2.热烈赞扬的，热情洋溢的aglowingaccount/report热情洋溢的叙述/报道*3.光明的，辉煌的；glowv.发热，发光，发红n.光亮，光辉vt.giveorbeadisadvantagetosb/sth对（某人、某物）设置不利条件;被施加不利条件例：behandicappedbyalackofeducation因文化水平低而吃亏.例：Illiteracyisaserioushandicapinlife.不能读写是生活中的严重障碍3.（比赛或竞赛中加给强手的）不利条件（以示公平）例：Shehadahandicapof7ingolf.她在高尔夫球比赛中让了7杆。onthe岌岌可危，即将灭亡，处于困n.优势，主导地位；predominanta.占优势的；主要的；突出的a.机敏的，富于机智的；witn.（放弃强硬政策*2.［C，U］amovementawayfromaplaceoranenemybecauseofdangerordefeat撤退，退却，撤离例：Napoleon’sretreatfromMoscow拿破仑从莫斯科的3.［C］（对某个环境的）（（numberofstudentshasshrunkfrom120to70.学生人数已从120减70人。vi.（尤指因恐惧而）退缩，畏例：Iwillnotshrinkfrommyduties.我不会逃避责任。takeforgranted1.takeitforgranted（that…）认为……是理所当然*2.takesb/sthforgranted（因习以常）对……不重视（因视为当然而）不把……当回事例：Wetakehavinganendlessofcleanwaterforgrantedofcleanwaterforgranted.我们想当然地认为洁净水的供应无穷无尽而不予以珍惜n.智囊团，思想yield1.tostopresisting屈服，让步例：Hereluctantlyyieldedtotheirdemands.他不情愿地屈从于他们的要求。*2.tobereplacedby被……取代例：Bargesyieldedtoroadvehiclesfortransportinggoods.在货物运输方面，驳船让位给了公路车辆。二、句式结构分1.Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.该句but连接的两个转折关系的并列分句构成。But与后一个分句之if引导的条WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscaleithadamarket...WhenForawhileitlookedasthough［themakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty］.itlooked；asthoughlooked的表语，其中在这个表语themakingofsemiconductorswasgoingtobe...之间，又插入了两个并列Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-身体健康”进行类比，达到形象生动的效果。我们可以反过来形容人，如：Mr.Smithwasadvisedbythedoctortoloseweight.Nowhehaschangedhisbodystructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnedtobemorequick-三、文章结构分四、试题具体分11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominance［快速解题］afterWorldWarⅡ定位到第一段②句。该段列举了为战争摧毁了后者由［快速解题］afterWorldWarⅡ定位到第一段②句。该段列举了为战争摧毁了后者由此［C］正确［A］中painstakingefforts与①句的effortless［篇章分析］第一段首句阐述了作者两个层次的观点：一，毫不不费力获得持久成功成的义群对首句的“毫不不费力获得持久成功的历史”进行具体阐述。②句的suchaglowingperiodAhistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccess。这三句列举了二战后美国无可比拟［正确项设置］正确答案的信息隐含于第一段末句的定语从句中。末句的主句指出了competitors替换末句中的theEuropeansandAsians。［干扰项设置］［A］effortless以及人们的常规思维——成功往往before［D］12.ThelossofUSpredominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.12.2080年代美国丧失了世界经济霸[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomestic[A][B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises[B][C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions[C][D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomestic[D]WorldWarⅡ[A][B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore[B][C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors[C]战争摧毁了大多数潜在竞争对手的经[D]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy[D]空前规模的劳动力促进了其经济的发［快速解