职业安全与健康标准JHA

JobHazardanalysis(JHA)“ARosebyAnyOtherName”OSHA-Hawai’iWorkshopMay20,2009OBJECTIVESPerformaJobHazardAnalysis(JHA)foreveryMajorTaskUnderstandhowtheJHAcanbeusedto:IdentifyHazardsandSolutionsTrainEmployeesandInvolveTheminworkingsafelyHoldindividualsaccountableforsafetyperformancePerformbetteraccidentinvestigationsContinuouslyimproveyoursafetyandhealthprogramARosebyanyothernameAccidentHazardAnalysis(AHA)JobSafetyAnalysis(JSA)TaskSafetyAnalysis(TSA)WhatisaJHA?AtoolthatfocusesonjobtasksasawaytoidentifyhazardsBEFOREtheyoccur.Looksatpotentialhazardscausedby:ThetaskThetoolsorequipmentusedPeople–(theworkerormanagement)TheenvironmentAND,howthehazardscanbeeliminatedorreduced. BenefitsofaJHAOrganized,systematicapproachtoIDhazardsIDshazards,causes,andcorrectiveactions.Involvesemployees–increasetheirawarenessStandardizesoperationsbasedonacceptablesafepracticesDocumentsprocesstoaidin:Accidentinvestigation/analysisAccountabilityJobHazardAnalysis(JHA)ThefoundationforallfutureactionsProtectiveSystemsPersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)TrainingFrequencyofre-inspections/re-evaluationsDocumentationConductingJHAs

(cont)Startwiththemosthazardousjobs/tasks(worsefirst)Mostsevere–cancausedeathMostfrequent/likelyNotanexactscienceList,rankorder,anddo!TaskList–bypriorityInstallnewRoofingtilesDemotheroofClean-upandLeavesiteDeliversuppliestojobsiteJobEstimatingMaintainwarehouseSalesInvoicingforworkWorstFirst!WorkingwithJHATherearethreeconsiderationsofaJobHazardAnalysis:

Whatneedstogetdone?(Tasks)

Whataretherisks?(Hazards)

Howwedoitsafely?(Controls)WhentodoaJobHazardAnalysis(JHA)Pre-jobphaseProcessdesignConstructionPriortoanyProcessChangeIfyou’veneverdoneitbeforeHowtodotheJHABreakdownjob/tasksintodiscreteSTEPSForeachstep,identifyallpotentialHAZARDSForeachpotentialhazard,evaluatetheRISKinordertoprioritizecorrectiveactions.Foreachpotentialhazard,figureoutaCORRECTIONORCONTROLMAINTAINhazardcorrectionorcontrol.BasicJobStepsPotentialHazardsControl&RecommendedActionsWhatneedstogetDone?Whataretherisks?Howdowedoitsafely?WORKSITE-JobHazardAnalysisTASK:_____________

ThiscompletedJHAshallbekeptattheworksiteuntilthetaskiscomplete.ForwardcompletedJHAformstotheheadofficeforreference.Inthecaseofanaccident,thisformmustberetainedforusebythesupervisor.EquipmenttobeusedInspectionreq.

Trainingrequirements

ListallequipmenttobeusedintheworkactivityListallinspectionrequirementsfortheworkactivityListalltrainingrequirements,includingchemicalsafety(hazardcommunication)WorkingwithJHAStep1:BreakdownJob/TaskintoStepsStep1 Step2Step3JHA1-StepsGrindingIronCastingsReachintometalboxtorightofmachine(grinder),graspcasting,andcarrytowheelPushcastingagainstwheeltogrindoffburrPlacefinishedcastinginboxtoleftofmachine(grinder).Whatisahazard?PotentialforharmordamagetoPEOPLEPROPERTYENVIRONMENTAsituationataworkplacecapableofcausingharmSomeCommonHazardsTripping/SlippingHazards-FallHazards-ElectricalHazards-Machinery–cut,lacerate,crushChemicalHazards–poisons,irritants, asphyxiantsBiologicalHazards–Mold,Tuberculosis,HIVPeople–WorkplaceViolenceBUTAHazardisnotanACCIDENTuntilthereisExposuretothehazard.Hazard

+Exposure

AccidentEXPOSUREExposureProximitytodangerzone“arm’slength”formachineryBodylengthforfallsBreathingzoneforchemicalsHazardsmustEnterorImpacttheBodytocauseharm:HeadArms/LegsEarsLungsStomachIngestionEyesDermal/SkinWorkplaceSurveyWalkaround&ObservePeopleworkingThesurroundingsReadLabelsandMaterialSafetyDataSheets(chemicalhazards)IndividualExercise-LookaroundthisroomWhatpotentialhazardsdoyousee?JotsomeofthemdownJHA2–HazardsGrindingIronCastingsReachintometalboxtorightofmachine,graspcasting,andcarrytoPushcastingagainstwheeltogrindoffburr.Placefinishedcastinginboxtoleftofmachine.Backinjuryfromreaching/bending/carrying.Cut/lacerationfromsharpburrsoncastings.Toeinjuryfromdroppingcastingonfoot.Bruise/abrasionascastingslipsonwheel.Eyeinjuryandpunctures/cutsfromwheelbreakage.Step3–EvaluateRiskRISK=SeverityxProbabilitySeverity–whatcanhappen(Consequences)Probability–thelikelihoodofithappeningSeverity–OSHASchemeHighDeath,permanentdisability,orchronicirreversibleillnessMediumInjuriesorillnesses–somelosttime,hospitalizationLowTemporary,reversible,nohospitalization,nolosttime.MinimalInjuriesandillnessesrequiringnotreatment,e.g.aspirinorsmallbandaid.HIGHSeverityAmputationSevereelectricalburnsChemicalburnstoeyesCancerChemicalsensitizationMediumseverityFractures/brokenbonesSeveresprainorstrainSeveredermatitis–openwounds/soresLacerationsrequiringstitchesLowseverityBruisesScrapes,AbrasionsMinorcutsMildheadacheMildstrain/sprain[Generallytreatablewithfirstaid]MinimalseverityNoTreatmentMinorbruiseSmallcutProbabilityGreaterProbabilityoftheevent/accidentishigherthanthatwhichisrated“lesser”LesserProbabilityoftheevent/accidentislesserthanthatwhichisrated“greater”Youdecidewherethedividinglineis.GroupExerciseHazard–Fallfrom8’LadderWhatfactorscanincreasethelikelihoodoffalling?Conditionofladder–slippery,wobblyDuration–howlongonladderNumberofpeopleclimbingladdersPaceofjob–howquicklytaskmustbedoneAdditionalload–carryinganything?Environmental–outdoorsinsun,wind,rainOSHA/HIOSHProbabilityFactorsNo.ofEmployeesExposedtoHazardDurationofExposureProximitytoDangerzoneWorkPaceEnvironmentalAssignProbability10workersonladdersUpto2hoursadayCarryingtarpsandotherequipmentTaskrequiresreachingPace–fastOutdoorsIsafallunlikely,likelyorhighlylikely?RISKPROFILESowhatdowedowiththeinformationonseverityandprobability?AssignprioritiesforactionUsingyourcompany’sriskprofileRiskprofile(OSHA/HIOSH)PrioritySeverityProbability1HighGreater2MediumGreater3LowGreater4HighLesser5MediumLesser6LowLesser7MinimalGreater8MinimalLesserYoudecidewhatyourisktoleranceisGrindingironcastingsHazardSeverityProbabilityPriority1BackinjuryMediumGreater22Cut/LacerationfromsharpburrsLowGreater33ToefractureMediumLesser54Bruise/abrasionLowLesser65Eyeinjury,cuts/puncturesfromwheelbreakageHighLesser4HazardcorrectionorcontrolEliminatethehazard

Hazard+Exposure≠AccidentEliminatetheexposure Hazard+Exposure

≠AccidentReduceboth

hazard+exposure

≠AccidentHierarchyofHazardControlsEngineering(1stchoice)Administrative/WorkPractice(2ndchoice)PPE(LastResort!)InvolveEmployeesHazardsolutions/controlsGrindingIronCastings–seepage16Engineeringsolution–Adjustableplatformorpallet,reconfigureworkstationAdministrativeSolutionDon’ttwist,movefeetPersonalProtectiveEquipmentGloves,safetyglasses,steeltoeshoes.LongtermhazardcontrolInspections/AuditsDothesolutions/controlsreallywork?Aretheystillworking?Haveweidenti