Unit+9+Human+Biology+Topic+Talk Lesson+1课后练习题 高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册

TopicTalk&Lesson1Ⅰ.单词拼写1.TheteamfromtheUKwerethefirsttosuccessfully(克隆)ananimal.2.Iwasalsointhedesert,where,forthefirsttime,Irodea(骆驼).3.It’seasytotella(山羊)fromsheep.4.Thepolicethinkthevideotapemayholdsomevital(线索)totheidentityofthekiller.5.Manypatientsarenotgettingthemedical(治疗)theyneed.6.Youhavealreadymadegreatprogressinyour(生物).7.(哺乳动物)areanimalssuchasdogs,lions,andwhales.8.Shehadtofacethefactthatherlifehadchanged(永远).9.Ivolunteerinhighschoolsandspeaktothemabout(生殖的)health.10.Laughterisoneofthemostinfectiousexpressionsof(情感).Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.The(edit)ofthemagazineisasmartyoungman.2.Mostpeoplelookbetterunder(artificially)lightthaninbrightsunlight.3.The(twin)wereseparatedatbirthandbroughtupinentirelydifferentenvironments.4.Itisdifficulttomakea(compare)withherpreviousbook,becausetheyarecompletelydifferent.5.Whilethetwoareonlydaysapartinagetheyseemtobelongto(whole)differentgenerations.6.You’vedonesomuchwork,soweallbelieveyou’rebound(pass)theexam.7.Theyagreedtogo(mere)becausetheyweregettingpaidforit.8.Everydaythenewspaperstellstoriesofchildrenworldwidewhoare(abuse).9.It’sblessingthatnobodywasinthehouseatthetime.10.Wecaninferhisexpressionthatheisfrustrated.Ⅲ.单句写作1.班上每个同学都有能力通过这次考试。Everystudentintheclasspassingtheexam.2.他们一直在讨论如何突破食品安全技术壁垒。Theyhavebeendiscussingabouthowtooffoodsafety.3.你能临摹出一幅与这幅画一模一样的画吗?Canyouofthispicture?4.和世界上其他地方的人相比,他们生活得相当好。Theywerelivingratherwell,peopleelsewhereintheworld.5.一个人接受的教育必定会决定其世界观的形成。Youreducationyourworldview.6.明天他是否参加那个舞会,没有人知道。hewilltakepartintheballornot.Ⅳ.阅读理解AWithrapidadvancesinmedicalscience,cloningisslowlybutsurelylookinglikeitcouldbeinournearfuture.However,isitreallyanoptionthatshouldbeconsideredasawaytoextendhumanlife?Reproductivecloningmayhelphumanfamiliesgainchildren,butthere’salsoabenefitfortheanimalworld.Itbringshopetopeopleeagerforchildrenbutunabletohavetheirownoradopt.Itcanalsobringabouttherecreationofspeciesthathavelongsincedied,allowingscientiststofullystudythespeciesasalivingcreatureinsteadofsimplylookingatimagesorbones.Manybelievethatcloningcanbeusedtoreplacefailingorgans.Thiswillreducethewaitinglistfororgandonationsandallowmorepeopletobesaved.Notonlythat,butbecausetheorganis,infact,yourownorgan,therewouldbelesschanceofrejection.Cloningcouldprovehelpfulingeneticresearch.Usingcloningtechnologies,geneticresearcherswouldhaveabetterunderstandingofthecompositionofgenesandtheeffectsofgeneticconstituents(成分)onhumancharacters.There’salsothepossibilityofchanginggeneticconstituentsinclonedhumans,andcloningcouldhelpfightgeneticdiseases.Whilethecloningofbodyorganscanhelpextendhumanlife,itcouldalsocausealotofmalpractices(不端行为).Alongwiththeabilitytoclonedesiredcharacters,therecouldbethepossibilityofpeopledeliberatelyreproducingundesiredcharacters.Thiscouldleadtoariseinmalpracticeswithinsociety.Cloninginvolvesaprocessofcreatingidenticalgenes.Assuch,therewouldbealackofdiversityinhumankind.Scientistsbelievethislackofdiversitywilllowerthehumanrace’sabilitytoadapt.Whateveryourviewoncloningmaybe,studiesshowthattheclonewouldinfactnotbecompletelyidenticaltotheoriginaljustastwinsarenotcompletelyidentical.Thoughtheymightlookalike,twinshavedifferentpersonalitiesandenjoydifferentthings.Thesamecouldbesaidofclones.Evenifthetechnologyiscreatedinwhichyourmemoriesandthoughtscouldbetransmitted(传送)totheclone,yourclonewouldstillbeadifferentperson.1.Whatgoodmightreproductivecloningbring?A.Itmayhelpimprovehumanwell-being.B.Itcouldcontributetotherisingbirthrate.C.Itcouldhelpanimalssurvivedeadlydiseases.D.Itmayenablescientiststobetterstudyextinctspecies.2.Accordingtothetext,cloningcanalsobeusedfor.

A.organtransplantB.solvingtheagingproblemC.infectiousdiseasetreatmentD.constructingagenedatabase3.What’soneproblemcloningmaycause?A.Greatdiversity.B.Individualsecurityrisk.C.Increasedimproperconduct.D.Seriouspersonalitydisorder.4.Whyaretwinsmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Tostresstwins’similarities.B.Toshowtwinsarequitecommon.C.Tocarryoutdeeperresearchontwins.D.Tobetterillustratewhataclonewillbelike.BWhenBarbraStreisandsaidthatshe’dhadherdogclonedfor$50,000,manypeoplelearnedforthefirsttimethatcopyingpetsandotheranimalswasarealbusiness.Thestorythatgavepeoplecauseforconcern,though,cameoutafewdayslater.ItwasaboutMonniMust,aMichiganphotographerwhopaidtohaveBillyBeancloned,aLabradorthathadbelongedtoheroldestdaughter,Miya.Miyadied10yearsearlier.ToMust,cloningtheelderlydogwasawaytokeepherdaughter’smemoryalive.Alarmbellswentoffinmyhead.Mustwasn’tjustcloningapet.Shewastryingtopreservealostchild.Itseemedawfullyclosetoarealhumancloningscenario,oneinwhichaheartbrokenparenttriestoreplaceasonordaughterwhodiesearly.IshotaquestionatJoseCibelli,ananimalcloningscientistatMichiganStateUniversity:Isittimetoworryabouthumancloningagain?Cibelliquicklyemailedback:“Yes.”ImetCibelli15yearsago,whenIwasamongagroupofjournalistscoveringcloningnonstop.Backthen,itseemedpossiblethatsomeonemighttrytocopyahumanbeingatanymoment.TherewasanItaliandoctornamedAntinoriwhosaidhewastrying.Buthumancloningneverhappened.Thereasonisclear.Inmanyanimals,onlyonein100clonedembryoseverleadstoalivebirth.Ofthosethatareborn,afewsufferfromabnormalities(畸形)andquicklydie.Creatingahumancloneisn’tonlyaquestionoftechnology.You’dalsoneedareasontodoit,expertswillingtohelp,andsomeonetofunditall.IfinallyaskedMustifshewouldhaveMiyaclonedifshe’dhadthechance.Shesaidit’snotaquestionshehasananswerto.“Whenyouhaveachildwhodies,youarenotinaplacetomakearational(理智的)decision,”shesays.5.HowdidtheauthorfeelafterknowingMust’sstory?A.Hefeltrelieved.B.Hewasworried.C.Hetookpityonher.D.Hesecretlyadmiredher.6.Whatdoweknowabouthumancloning15yearsago?A.Itreceivedthepublic’sattention.B.ItwassupportedbyJoseCibelli.C.Itwasseldomcoveredbyreporters.D.ItwasfirsttriedbyanItaliandoctor.7.Whatdoesparagraph6mainlyfocuson?A.Whyclonedembryosaredifficulttopreserve.B.Howthetechnologyofcloningisdeveloped.C.Whyhumancloningischallenging.D.Howanimalsarecloned.8.WhatisMust’sattitudetowardscloningherdeaddaughter?A.Shehasnoidea.B.Sheisuninterested.C.Shethinksitisirrational.D.Sheislookingforwardtoit.CForhis86thbirthday,ChengXiangwenenjoyedacorn-shapedcakehiscolleagueshadpreparedforhim.“Mybirthdaywishistodevelopbettercornvarieties,”hesays.Afterthecelebration,hebegananotherjourneytoSanya,inSouthChina’sHainanProvince,wherehehasworkedmostofhislife.Chengisascientistinagricultureandspendsmostofhislifestudyingandcultivating(栽培)corn.HevisitsSanyainNovembereveryyearandstaysthereforsixmonthstocultivatecorn.Once,whenhewasconductingafieldsurvey,afemalefarmersaidtohimintears,“Yougraduatedfromcollege.Couldyoupleasefindawaytoincreasethecornoutputhere?Iftheyields(产量)arehigher,ourchildrenwillnolongersufferfromhunger.”Sincethen,Chenghasmadedevelopinghigh-yieldcornvarietieshislife’smission.In1964,hecametoHainan,whereitwaswarmer,andstartedhisworkthere.Hegreatlyshortenedthecultivationperiodandcreatedhybridcornvarietiesforthefirsttime.Withthesenewvarieties,farmersinXunxianCountysawtheiraveragecornoutputwasmorethan3,750kgperhectareperyear.Despitethebeautifulcoastline,theenvironmentwhereChengworksusedtobetroubledbypovertyandpoortraffic.Localsoncedescribedtheareaashavingalargenumberofrats,mosquitoes,andpoisonoussnakes.Atthattime,hedideverythingonhisown.Helivedinalocalvillager’shouseandhefrequentlywenttothemountainstochopfirewoodtocook.Hishardwork,however,haspaidoff.Now,authoritieshaveapproved14new,high-yieldcornvarietiesChenghelpeddevelop.Chengisdedicatedtodevelopinghigh-yieldcornvarietieswithstrongerresistanceandtheyareeasiertoharvestwithmachines.Hestillgoestothefieldseachdayandobservesandrecordsthecornplants.“Cultivatingseedsislikeraisingkids.Onlybycarefulparentingcanyoubecomefamiliarwiththeirstrengthsandweaknessesandhelpthemtogrowuphealthily,”hesays.9.WhatcanweinferaboutChengaccordingtoparagraph1?A.HewasborninHainanProvince.B.HeworksinSanyaforlessthanfourmonths.C.Herestedforalongtimeafterhisbirthday.D.Hewantstodevelophigher-yieldcornvarieties.10.InwhichparagraphcanweknowthecauseofCheng’slife’smission?A.Paragraph1.B.Paragraph2.C.Paragraph3.D.Paragraph4.11.WhatkindofdifficultydidChengmeetwithinHainan?A.Unbearablehotweather.B.Buildingahousewithouthelp.C.Theterriblelivingconditionsandsurroundings.D.Livingonpoisonouscreatures.12.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeCheng?A.Hard-workinganddetermined.B.Calmandcaring.C.Fairandsympathetic.D.Kindandhumorous.Ⅴ.七选五Manyhearendlesslyhowgoodexerciseisforourhealth,butyoumightbesurprisedtoknowjusthowgood.1

Ithelpsyoubreathebetter.Frequentexerciseimprovesthevolumeofoxygenyoucanuseinyourbody.Thisiswhatmakesyoufitandthebenefitsaren’tlimitedtosport.2Attendingsomeprofessionalcoursescanbuildcorestrengthandimproveshape,andsostrengthenbreathingmuscles.

Physicalactivityenhancesyourmentalhealth.Doingsomethingactivereleases“happy”brainchemicalsthatmakeyoumorepositive.Themoreyoudoit,thebetteryou’llfeel.Butyoudoneedtoworkupasweat.Ifyou’vehadabadday,treatyourselftoalittlebitofexercise.3

4

Thewayyourguts(内脏)feeloftenimpactsonyourmentalandphysicalhealth.Walking,runningandyogastrengthenabdominal(腹部的)muscles,increasetheheartrateandencourageyourmusclestomovedigestivewastethroughyourbodymoreefficientlyanddigestfoodmorequickly.Keepingactivekeepsyouyoung.Theremaynotbeanelixir(灵丹妙药)ofyouthjustyet,butkeepingfitcomesclose.Just15minutesofexerciseadayforeightyearscanincreaseyourlifespanbythreeyears.Themoreyoudo,thelongeryoucouldlive.5Itcanbelow-intensityexercise—swimming,alongwalkonarunningmachineatthegym,oralow-intensityworkoutviaspecialAPPs.

A.Itaidsyourdigestion.B.Itgivesyouabetterappetite.C.Increasedmusclestrengthhelpstoo.D.Herearethebenefitsyoucangetfromexercise.E.Thisisbecausephysicalactivitydelayscellageing.F.Peoplethinkthiswillcatchourattentionandinspireouraction.G.Powerwalkingorropeskippingisabrilliantstressreliever.Ⅵ.语法填空Thedodoisthemostfamouscreatureofallthecreatures1.(become)extinctinrecenthistory.TheremainsofthedodoatOxfordareoneofthegreatesttreasuresofitsmuseum.

Thedodo2.(discover)byEuropeansin1507.Itwasaflightlessbird3.livedontheislandofMauritiusintheIndianOcean.Althoughthedodoswereeasy4.(catch),theirmeatwasnotthattasty.Theirrapiddecreasewasprobablyduelesstohunting,andmoretothefact5.thedogs,cats,ratsandpigs,6.(introduce)toMauritius,destroyedthedodos’eggsandhabitat.By1680thebirdwasextinct.

Thedodoswereacuriosity,andsomewerebroughttoEuropeby7.(wealth)collectorslikeJohnTradescant.His8.(collect)werelaterbroughttoOxford.Althoughsmallinamount,thesespecimens(标本)representthemostcompleteremainsofasingledodo,andare9.greatvaluetoscientiststoday.

DNAresearchhasshownthedodois10.(close)relatedtopigeonsandhasfinallysolvedthequestionofthedodo’sancestors;withouttheOxfordspecimensthiswouldhavebeenimpossible.

Ⅶ.应用文写作(2023·辽宁抚顺校联考二模)假定你是李华,你的外国朋友John对中医很感兴趣,打算暑假来你市学习针灸(acupuncture)。请你给他写一封邮件,向他介绍针灸并推荐一位针灸老师,内容包括:1.简介针灸;2.推荐老师;3.表达祝福。注意:1.词数80左右;2.请在相应位置作答。DearJohn,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua参考答案Ⅰ.1.clone2.camel3.goat4.clues5.treatment6.biology7.Mammals8.forever9.reproductive10.emotionⅡ.1.parison5.wholly6.topass7.merely8.abused9.a10.fromⅢ.1.iscapableof2.breakthetechnicalbarrier3.makeanexactcopy4.incomparisonwith5.isboundtoshape6.ItisunknownwhetherⅣ.【语篇导读】本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了克隆的优缺点。1.D细节理解题。由第二段中的“Itcanalsobringabouttherecreationofspeciesthathavelongsincedied,allowingscientiststofullystudythespeciesasalivingcreatureinsteadofsimplylookingatimagesorbones.”可知,生殖性克隆使得再创造已经灭绝的物种成为可能,能够让科学家充分研究一个生物物种,而不是仅仅观察这些灭绝物种的图片和骨骼。故选D项。2.A细节理解题。由第三段中的“cloningcanbeusedtoreplacefailingorgans”可知,克隆可以用于替换衰竭的器官,故可用于器官移植。3.C细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“itcouldalsocausealotofmalpractices”和“therecouldbethepossibilityofpeopledeliberatelyreproducingundesiredcharacters.Thiscouldleadtoariseinmalpracticeswithinsociety.”可知,克隆会导致社会中的不端行为增加。4.D推理判断题。由最后一段中的“studiesshowthattheclonewouldinfactnotbecompletelyidenticaltotheoriginaljustastwinsarenotcompletelyidentical”可知,克隆体与母体并不是完全相同的;作者提到双胞胎是为了说明克隆体与母体的差别。【语篇导读】本文是议论文。文章讨论了克隆技术以及克隆人的问题。5.B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thestorythatgavepeoplecauseforconcern”及第三段中的“Alarmbellswentoffinmyhead.”和第四段中的“Isittimetoworryabouthumancloningagain?”可知,Must克隆逝世女儿的宠物狗一事让作者感到非常担忧。6.A推理判断题。根据第五段中的“ImetCibelli15yearsago,whenIwasamongagroupofjournalistscoveringcloningnonstop...copyahumanbeingatanymoment.”可推断,当时克隆人的想法受到了人们的广泛关注。7.C段落大意题。根据第六段中的“Inmanyanimals,onlyonein100clonedembryoseverleadstoalivebirth...andquicklydie.”可知,克隆过程中能最后成活的个体极少。由此可见,该段主要介绍了克隆人类所面临的各种困难及挑战。8.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Shesaidit’snotaquestionshehasananswerto.”可知,Must对是否会克隆自己女儿的问题并没有明确的答案。【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。农业科学家程相文用毕生的精力培育出杂交玉米,并且研发出14种高产的玉米新品种。9.D推理判断题。根据第一段“‘Mybirthdaywishistodevelopbettercornvarieties,’hesays.”可知,程相文想要培育出高产的玉米品种。故选D项。10.B细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,在程相文做实地调查时,一位农民的诉求让他从那时起把培育高产玉米品种当成毕生的事业。即在第二段说明了程的使命起源于什么。故选B项。11.C细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,程相文当时在海南的生活环境和生活条件很差。故选C项。12.A推理判断题。根据第四段内容和最后一段中的“Chengisdedicatedtodevelopinghigh-yieldcornvarietieswithstrongerresistanceandtheyareeasiertoharvestwithmachines.Hestillgoestothefieldseachdayandobservesandrecordsthecornplants.”可知,程相文是一位认真敬业、不畏艰难且意志坚定的