新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第4讲题型破解-主旨大意题考点2文章大意题教师用书

考点2文章大意题辨明题类文章大意题要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从文中提取有效信息，概括归纳出文章的主旨大意、中心思想。此类题目没有明显的解题依据，是对文章深层次的理解。设问形式常有：(1)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis．(2)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/thepassage/text?(3)Thepassage/textismainlyabout．(4)Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfocuson?(5)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson．技法点拨1．定位主题句确定文章大意文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。以下为快速找到主题句的5个小窍门：(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(however,but,infact,actually,while,onthecontrary,incontrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句。(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句。(3)作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)。(4)首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句。(5)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,inshort,conclude,conclusion,thus等词。2．根据不同文体的结构和写作方法来定位主题句(1)议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分”或“总—分—总”的模式，所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。(2)说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。(3)记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。真题体验(2023·浙江1月卷B)Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou'relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon．IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmyparents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme．I'velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou'llfindencouragingifyou'redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold．Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback．IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere．Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging．Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach．Ihadmyownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn'tneed．SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable．Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries．Perhapsyourhouseholdwon'tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire．Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou'redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate．Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon'tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged．Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction．27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A．Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers．B．Howtohaveone'sownpersonalspaceathome．C．Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold．D．Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries．【解题示范】第一步：阅读文章，概括文章大意：文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式；第二步：分析选项，斟酌判断：根据第一段“Chancesarethatifyou'relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon．”及第二段“I'velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,