高二英语测试报：U第三部分教案语法部分辅导（牛津译林版）VIP

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精M4U1语法部分辅导直接引语和间接引语直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话用有引号，而间接引语是引述别人的话，不用引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语改为间接引语时，引述动词是现在时，则间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式不变。例如：Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthemoment变成间接引语为Shesaysthatshe'llneverforgetthemoment.但是如引述动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词、时间、时态、地点、人称等一般要作相应的变化。遵循下列规律：一、一般规律。在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodayyesterdaylastweektomorrownextyearTwodaysagoThenthatdaythedaybeforetheweekbeforethenextdaythenextyeartwodaysbefore地点状语herethere动词时态一般现在时现左进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）过去将来时动词变化can/maymustcomebringcould/mighthadtogotake二、三要素。我们要很好地掌握直接引语变间接引语这一语法项目，关键要掌握下列“三要素”。要素一：陈述句的间接引语——连接词用that，在口语中可省略。引述动词用said,told，，等。例如：Hesaid：“I’veleftmybookinmyroom。"→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.2）Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”→Shesaidthathewouldbebusy。要素二：疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether,而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether,引述动词用asked,没有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me，him等，例如:ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme？"→SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.Sheasked，“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”→Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis。（2）特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如：Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?"→TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.要素三：祈使句的间接引语——采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。told即askedsb.（not)todosth.orderedwarned注意:引语中的呼语可改成宾语。引语中的please去掉,动词改为ask1)Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime。"→Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.Themothersaid,“Tom，getupearly,please。”→ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.三、“五不变”在直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意以下五种不变的特殊情况。直接引语如果是客观真理，谚（习）语，变间接引语时时态不变。例如:Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun。”→Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect。"→Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时,时态保持不变，例如：Theboysaidtous，“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday。”→Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.Hesaid，“Wearestillstudents。’→Hesaidtheyarestillstudents。3．直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变.例如：Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978。"→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1978.Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967."→Theengineersaidhewasatcollegein1967。4．直接引语中凡有When，since，while引导的从句,在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态,从句的时态不变。例如：Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”→HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy.Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus。→Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshewaswaitingforabus.Mr。Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob。”→Mr.GreentoldthemJoehadtoldhimallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob。5．如果直接引语中引述部分含有insist,suggest,demand等引导的虚拟宾语从句，变间接引语时，引语中的主从句时态都不变。例如：Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately。→Hesaidthey(had）insistedthatshestartimmediately。Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”→Shesaidhedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce。另外，如果说话人转述自己的话,人称则可不变。例如:Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”→ItoldhimIhadfinishe