高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

①错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.②if省略句在条件句中可以省略if,把were,had,should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。③用介词代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with,without,butfor。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)如果你有100万元，你会做什么？Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp)没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,…=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,…=Haditnotbeenforyouhelp,…没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。④含蓄条件句有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副词)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.(定语从句)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(连词)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.(独立主格结构)⑤evenif,eventhough也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与if从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。虚拟语气(2)——虚拟语气在名词从句中1.在由suggest,demand,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常见的这类动词有:ask要求,advise,beg,suggest建议,command命令,demand要求，request请求,insist,require要求,order下令,propose,advice,recommend,intend,prefer宁愿,permit,persuade,expect,decide决定,instruct,object,determine,urge,appoint等等Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notleavetheclassroom.老师建议我们不要离开教室。Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他坚持她马上就做。在Itis/was+上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgiveupsmoking.医生建议我戒烟。当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setouttomorrowmorning.我建议我们明早动身。Thesuggestionthatthesportsmeeting(should)putoff在Itis/wasnecessary,important等形容词+that从句中，常见的这类形容词有:necessary,important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,desirable,natural,strange,imperative等Itisnecessarythatyoushouldattendthemeeting.你有必要参加会议。Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.你必须按时到达那儿。在Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)+that从句中Itisapitythatyoufailtheexam.Itisnowonderhebelateforclass.虚拟语气(3)——虚拟语气的其他用法在wish后面的宾语从句中对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时IwishIwerealittleyounger.我希望我能够年轻一点。对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时(haddone)或“would/could+现在完成时”IwishIhadbeenthere.我真希望我当时在那里。IwishIhadnotattendedthatparty.我真希望我当时没参加那个聚会。对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用“would/could+动词原形”Iwishhecouldexplainwhathemeans.在ifonly感叹句中表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情色彩。Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(对将来的虚拟)但愿雨能停。IfonlyIweretaller.(对现在的虚拟)我的个子要是能高一点就好了。IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!(对过去的虚拟)要是我听从了你的建议就好了！在asif/asthough引导的从句中表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时Ireallydon’tlikethewayyouarespeakingtome.Itseemsasifyouweremyfather.我真的非常讨厌你和我说话的方式。你听起来就好像是我爸爸。A.hadbeenB.were

C.wasD.wouldbe

14.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.

A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehind

C.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallenbehind

15.Ifit_____anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.

A.hadrainedB.wouldhaverained

C.haveseenD.rained

16.Hesuggestedthatthey_____useatrickinsteadoffighting.

A.shouldB.would

C.doD.had

17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.

A.notwentB.won’tgo

C.notgoD.nottogo

18.IwouldhavegonetothemeetingifI_____time.

A.hadhadB.havehad

C.hadD.wouldhavehad

19.WouldyouratherI_____buyinganewbike?

A.decidedagainstB.willdecideagainst

C.havedecidedD.shalldecideagainst

20.Youlooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou_____.

A.gotosleepB.wenttosleep

C.gotobedD.wenttobed

21.—Whydidn’tyoubuyanewcar?

—IwouldhaveboughtoneifI_____enoughmoney.

A.hadB.havehad

C.wouldhaveD.hadhad

22.Ifshecouldsew,_____.

A.shemakeadressB.shewouldhavemadeashirt

C.shewillmakeashirtD.shewouldhadmadeacoat

23._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

A.WouldheleaveB.Washeleaving

C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves

24.Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe_____ashorttripabroad.

A.willtakeB.wouldtake

C.takeD.took

25.TheBakersarrivedlastnight.Ifthey’donlyletusknowearlier,_____atthestation.

A.we’dmeetthemB.we’llmeetthem

C.we’dhavemetthemD.we’vemetthem

26.IfI_____you,I_____moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.

A.was;shallpayB.am;willpay

C.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay

27.Wemighthavefailedifyou_____usahelpinghand.

A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgive

C.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive

28.Thelawrequiresthateveryone_____hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.

A.hasB.had

C.haveD.willhave

29.Itisstrangethathe_____so.

A.wouldsayB.wouldspeak

C.shouldsayD.willspeak

30.HadIknownhername,_____

A.ordoessheknowmine?B.andwheredoesshelive?

C.shewouldbebeautiful.D.Iwouldhaveinvitedhertolunch.

31.Hehasjustarrived,buthetalksasifhe_____allaboutthat.

A.knowB.knows

C.knownD.knew

32.IfI_____themoney,Iwouldhaveboughtamuchbiggercar.

A.possessedB.owned

C.hadD.hadhad

33.Hewasverybusyyesterday;otherwise,he_____tothemeeting.

A.wouldcomeB.came

C.wouldhavecomeD.willcome

34.ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn_____nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehasborrowed.

A.willtakeB.took

C.takeD.takes

35.Ileftveryearlylastnight,butIwishI_____soearly.

A.didn’tleaveB.hadn’tleft

C.haven’tleftD.couldn’tleave

36.Idonothaveajob.IwouldfindonebutI_____notime.

A.hadB.didn’thave

C.hadhadD.have

37.Iwishthatyou_____suchabadheadachebecauseI’msurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.

A.hadn’tB.didn’thavehad

C.hadn’thadD.hadn’thave

38.Heinsistedthatweall_____inhisofficeatoneo’clock.

A.beB.tobe

C.wouldbeD.shallbe

39.Helencouldn’tgotoFranceafterall.That’stoobad.I’msureshewouldhaveenjoyeditif_____.

A.she’sgoneB.she’llgo

C.she’dgoneD.she’dgo

40.Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI_____anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.

A.goB.shallgo

C.willgoD.wouldgo

1.—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.Hecome.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.北:A.mustnotB.neednotC.wouldnotD.mightnot（北京24’）2.----ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?----Iamafraidyou______,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.(福建25’)A.willB.mustC.mayD.can3.-----Noone_______becomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.----Oh,youarereallyhisbigfan.(湖南28’)A.canB.needC.mustD.might4.Ifyou______go,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.(辽宁21’)A.canB.mayC.mustD.will5.Ifyousmoke,pleasegooutside.(全国卷8’)A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may6.---Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?--OK.You_______haveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.(陕西24’)A.mightB.mustC.couldD.shall7.---How’syournewbabysitter?---We______askforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.(浙江11’)A.shouldB.mightC.mustn'tD.couldn't8.---Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?---Iwantto,butmymomsimply_________notletmeoutsolateatnight.A.couldB.mightC.wouldD.should(重庆25’)9.ThepolicestillhaveIfoundthelostchild,butthey’redoingallthey.A.canB.mayC.mustD.should(四川20’)10.Theyhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.(新课标32’)A.willB.canC.mustD.should11.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishtheyalwayslate.（北京28’）A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen12.MaybeifIscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying(北京30’)13.---Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.---Iit,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.(福建34’)A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended14.---Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.---Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someone______it.(江苏34’)A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen15.I_______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.(陕西22’)A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone16.I______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.(天津15’)A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome1—5BBDAD6—10DDCAD11—15CDCAA16—20ACAAD

21—25DBCCC26—30DCCCD31—35DDCCB36—40DCACD

解析：

1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。

2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。

3.asif后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。

4.Itisimportantthat是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb.shoulddo的形式5.asif后面是真实情况，不虚拟。6.lain是lie的过去