中考英语被动语态的用法及练习

被动语态一、被动语态的概念：当谓语表示一个动作时，主语和它可以有两种不同的关系，主动关系和被动关系：表示主动关系时，主语是动作的执行者，称为主动语态Tomopenedthedoor.表示被动关系时，主语是动作的承受者，谓语要用另一种形式，称为被动语态

ThedoorwasopenedbyTom.在被动结构中，动作执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示二、形式被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来：（完成进行时和将来进行时无被动语态）1一般现在时：Historyismadebypeople.2一般过去时：Whenwasthebuildingcompleted?3一般将来时：Wewon’tbeinvited.4现在/过去进行时：Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.

Theroadswerebeingwidened.5现在/过去完成时：Thebookhasbeentranslated.

Costshadbeengreatlyreduced.表格：被动态基本结构时态被动语态结构一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时am/is/aredonewas/weredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdoneshall/willbedonewouldbedonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendone

一般

进行

完成

完成进行

现在writewritesamiswritingarehave\haswrittenhave\hasbeenwritten

过去wrotewas\werewritinghadwrittenhadbeenwritten

将来will\shallwritewill\shallbewritingwill\shallhavewrittenwill\shallhavebeenwriting

过去将来would\shouldwritewould\shouldbewritingwould\shouldhavewrittenwould\shouldhavebeenwriting以write为例,在16种时态中形式

一般

进行

完成

现在am\is\arewrittenam\is\arebeingwrittenhave\hasbeenwritten

过去was\werewrittenwas\werebeingwrittenhave\hasbeenwritten

将来will\shallbewritten-------------------will\shallhavebeenwritten

过去将来would\shouldbewritten-------------------would\shouldhavebeenwritten以write为例，在时态中被动语态的形式1．常用时态（9种）的被动语态结构：以do为例1)一般现在时am\is\are+doneInsomepartsoftheworld,tea_____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.servedIneedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.A.hacompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted

Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople______toeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded

2)一般过去时

was\were+doneI_____tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgivenThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_____tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling3)现在进行时

am\is\are+beingdone--Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?--Notyet,therooms_____.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepainingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpaintingAnewcinema_____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuiltRainforests_____andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut4)过去进行时

was\were+beingdoneThatroadwasbeingwidenedthistimelastyear.5)一般将来时willbe+doneHundredsofjobs_____ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.lostD.willlose―Yourjob

openforyourreturn.―Thanks.A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeptD.hadbeenkept

6)过去将来时wouldbe+doneMarytoldusthatashortplaywouldbeputonattheparty.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty______,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld7)现在完成时have/hasbeen+doneAllthepreparationsforthetask_____,andwearereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted

8)过去完成时hadbeen+doneThenewsuspensionbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedBhadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesignedBytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_____inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted9)将来完成时ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics______by2006.AhasbeencompletedB.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时，其结构为“情态动词+be+vt.pp.Youcan’ttakethemagazineoutofthereading–room.Themagazinecan’tbetakenoutofthereading-room.Theseexercisemustbedoneinclass.Morericecanbeproducednextyear.6.被动语态与系表结构的区别“be+过去分词”这个结构并不一定都是被动语态，有些动词be,feel,seem,look等后的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语，表示状态。Theglassisbroken.(系表结构)Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy(被动语态)Thedoorislocked.(系表结构)、Thedoorhasjust/beenlocked(被动语态)系表结构与被动语态的主要差别是：被动语态表示一个动作，它可以有介词by引起的短语，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，虽形式与被动语态相似，实质不同:1)Thepicturewaswelldrawn.Thepicturewasdrawnbymysister.2).Thelibraryisnowclosed.Itisusuallyclosedat6.3).Thebridgeiscompleted.Thebridgewascompletedin1968.三、被动语态的使用情况1，不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.2，动作的承受者是谈话的中心Thesongwaswrittenbyastudent.3，出于礼貌措辞圆通等不愿说出动作执行者Youarerequiredtosingasong.4.需要突出或强调动作的承受者时（动作的承受者是谈话的中心，这时常带有by引起的短语）Foodisneededbyeverylivingthing.Thisschoolisrunbythetradeunion.5.有时被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排Theyaregoingtobuildalibrarybuildingherenextyear.Itisgoingtobebuiltrightbesidetheofficebuilding.(若两句都用they作主语，则显得呆板)6.当动作的执行者不是人的时候Wewereallshockedbythenewsofhissuddendeath.Thehousewaswashedawaybythestorm7.为了委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时EnoughhasbeensaidhereofthisquestionYouarewishedtodoitmorecarefully.主动形式表示被动意义

1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive…

Thebooksellswell.

这本书销路好。

Thisknifecutseasily.

这刀子很好用。

2)blame,remain,keep,rent,bu