新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记 Lesson9全套

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson9【课文】AlfredtheGreatactedashisownspy,visitingDanishcampsdisguisedasaminstrel.Inthosedayswanderingminstrelswerewelcomeeverywhere.Theywerenotfightingmen,andtheirharpwastheirpassport.Alfredhadlearnedmanyoftheirballadsinhisyouth,andcouldvaryhisprogrammewithacrobatictricksandsimpleconjuring.WhileAlfred'slittlearmyslowlybegantogatheratAthelney,thekinghimselfsetouttopenetratethecampofGuthrum,thecommanderoftheDanishinvaders.ThesehadsettleddownforthewinteratChippenham:thitherAlfredwent.Henoticedatoncethatdisciplinewasslack:theDaneshadtheself-confidenceofconquerors,andtheirsecurityprecautionswerecasual.Theylivedwell,ontheproceedsofraidsonneighbouringregions.Theretheycollectedwomenaswellasfoodanddrink,andalifeofeasehadmadethemsoft.AlfredstayedinthecampaweekbeforehereturnedtoAthelney.TheforcethereassembledwastrivialcomparedwiththeDanishhorde.ButAlfredhaddeducedthattheDaneswerenolongerfitforprolongedbattle:andthattheircommissariathadnoorganization,butdependedonirregularraids.So,facedwiththeDanishadvance,Alfreddidnotriskopenbattlebutharriedtheenemy.Hewasconstantlyonthemove,drawingtheDanesafterhim.Hispatrolshaltedtheraidingparties:hungerassailedtheDanisharmy.NowAlfredbeganalongseriesofskirmishes--andwithinamonththeDaneshadsurrendered.Theepisodecouldreasonablyserveasauniqueepicofroyalespionage!BERNARDNEWMANSpiesinBritain【Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语】espionagen.间谍活动Alfred公元871-899年间任英国国王Danishadj.丹麦的，丹麦人的，丹麦语的minstreln.中世纪的吟游歌手wanderingadj.漫游的harpn.坚琴balladn.民歌acrobaticadj.杂技的conjuringn.魔术Athelneyn.阿塞尔纳(英国一个小岛)Chippenhamn.切本哈姆(英国一个城市)thitheradv.向那里Danen.丹麦人slackadj.涣散的conquerorn.征服者casualadj.马虎的，随便的precautionn.预防，警惕proceedsn.所得assemblev.集合trivialadj.微不足道的prolongedadj.持久的commissariatn.军粮供应harryv.骚扰assailv.袭击skirmishn.小规模战斗episoden.一个事件，片断epicn.史诗【课文注释】1.penetrate，渗透，潜入，领悟。①渗透，渗入某物例句：Theheavyrainhadpenetratedrightthroughhercoat.大雨湿透了她的大衣。②(人员)渗入对方例句：Thepartyhasbeenpenetratedbyextremists.有些极端分子已打入该党。③被充分理解或领悟例句：Iexplainedtheproblemtohimseveraltimesbutitdidn'tseemtopenetrate.那问题我向他解释多次，他似无所悟。2.actas，担任，充当。Ifsomeoneorsomethingactsasaparticularthing,theyhavethatroleorfunction.例句：Imustfindsomeonetoactasadeputyformeduringmyabsence.我必须找一个人，在我离开期间代理我的职务。3.disguisedas，伪装成。amandisguisedas...表示伪装成……的人;a...indisguise表示本质是……但伪装成其它的人。例句：Theraidersdisguisedthemselvesassecurityguards.袭击者都装扮成了保安人员。例句：Thesupposedbeggarwasreallyapoliceofficerindisguise.那个众人眼中的乞丐，其实是化了装的警察。4.settledown，安定，驻扎。Whensomeonesettlesdown,theystartlivingaquietlifeinoneplace,especiallywhentheygetmarriedorbuyahouse.例句：At30weneedtosettledowntoourlivesandshedfromfantasies.30岁时，我们需要安定下来，丢掉幻想。5.Theylivedwell,ontheproceedsofraids，他们的生活舒适，靠袭击(周围地区)掠夺得到的财物为生。liveon=liveoff，靠……为生。例句：Ifyouliveonamountain,youliveoffthemountain;ifyoulivebythewater,youliveoffthewater.靠山吃山，靠水吃水。6.proceedsn.收入;proceedv.进行下去;proceedingsn.诉讼，进程。例句：Proceedsfromtheconcertwillgotocharity.音乐会的收入将捐赠给慈善事业。例句：Shallweproceedwiththeplannedinvestment?我们着手进行有计划的投资好吗?例句：Theworkersdecidedtotakejudicialproceedingsagainstthecompany.工人们决定对公司正式提起诉讼。7.befitfor，适宜于……。例句：He'sbeenillandisn'tfitforworkyet.他一直在生病，尚不能工作。【参考译文】阿尔弗雷德大帝曾亲自充当间谍。他扮作吟游歌手到丹麦军队的营地里侦察。当时，浪迹天涯的吟游歌手到处受欢迎，他们不是作战人员，竖琴就是他们的通行证。阿尔弗德年轻时学过许多民歌，并能穿插演一些杂技和小魔术使自己的节目多样化。阿尔弗雷德人数不多的军队开始在阿塞尔纳慢慢集结时，他亲自潜入丹麦入侵司令官古瑟罗姆的营地。丹麦军已在切本哈姆扎下营准备过冬，阿尔弗雷便来到此地。他马上发现丹麦军纪律松弛，他们以征服者自居，安全措施马马虎虎。他们靠掠夺附近的地区的财物过着舒适的生活。他们不仅搜刮吃的喝的，而且抢掠妇女，安逸的生活已使丹麦军队变得软弱无力。阿尔弗雷德在敌营呆了一个星期后，回到了阿塞尔纳。他集结在那里的军队和丹