英国皇室历史

kingdomofEngland（871—1707）

Themonarchy（君主）oftheKingdomofEnglandbeganwithAlfredtheGreatandendedwithQueenAnne,whobecameQueenofGreatBritainwhenEnglandmergedwithScotlandtoformaunionin1707.第一页第二页，共13页。

KingdomofGreatBritain（1707—1801）

(ScotlandandEngland)TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland（1801—present）

(England,scotlandandNorthernIreland)

Therehavebeen12monarchsofGreatBritainandtheUnitedKingdom.AnewKingdomofGreatBritainwasformedon1May1707withthemergeroftheKingdomofEnglandandtheKingdomofScotland,whichhadbeeninpersonalunionundertheHouseofStuartsince24March1603.On1January1801,GreatBritainmergedwiththeKingdomofIrelandtoformtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Itsnamewasamendedon12April1927totheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.第二页第三页，共13页。1

HouseofWessex(829—1016)2HouseofDenmark(1013—1066）3HouseofNormandy（1066~1154）4HouseofPlantagenet（orHouseofAnjou）（1154~1399）5HouseofLancaster（1399~1461）6HouseofYork（1461~1485）

7HouseofTudor（1485~1603）8HouseofStuart（1603~1714）9HouseofHanover(1714–1901)10HouseofSaxe-CoburgandGotha(1901–1917)11HouseofWindsor(1917–present)第三页第四页，共13页。单击此处添加标题文字ThefirsthouseinBritish'shistoryHouseofWessex（威塞克斯王朝）

AlfredtheGreat（阿尔弗雷德大帝）wasKingofWessexfrom871to899.AlfredsuccessfullydefendedhiskingdomagainsttheVikingattemptatconquest,andbythetimeofhisdeathhadbecomethedominantrulerinEngland.HeistheonlyEnglishmonarchtobeaccordedtheepithet"theGreat".AlfredwasthefirstKingoftheWestSaxonstostylehimself"KingoftheAnglo-Saxons".第四页第五页，共13页。KingWilliamItheConqueror（1028–1087)（威廉一世）usuallyknownasWilliamtheConqueror(征服者威廉）andsometimesWilliamtheBastard,wasthefirstNormanKingofEngland,reigning（统治）from1066untilhisdeathin1087.WilliamIwasoneofthemostimportantkinginthemiddleage.WilliamIledthegreatestchapteroftheNormanconquest:conquertheKingdomofEngland.(征服英格兰王国）第五页第六页，共13页。HenryVIII（亨利八世）wasKingofEnglanduntilhisdeath.Besideshissixmarriages,HenryVIIIisknownforhisroleintheseparationoftheChurchofEnglandfromtheRomanCatholicChurch.（与罗马天主教会决裂）HisdisagreementswiththePopeledtohisseparationoftheChurchofEnglandfrompapalauthority.HebecametheSupremeHeadoftheChurchofEngland.(英国教会的最高负责人）第六页第七页，共13页。

MaryI(1516–1558)（玛丽一世）wastheQueenofEnglandandIrelanduntilherdeath.Duringherfive-yearreign,shehadover280religiousdissentersburnedatthestakeintheMarianpersecutions.（五年的统治期间,她有280多宗教反对者死于火刑。）HerexecutionsofProtestants（新教徒）causedheropponents（对手）togiveherthesobriquet（绰号）"BloodyMary".（“血腥玛丽”）第七页第八页，共13页。ElizabethIofEngland（伊丽莎白一世）ElizabethIwasQueenofEnglandandIrelanduntilherdeath.SometimescalledTheVirginQueen,(童贞女王）orGoodQueenBess（好女王贝丝）,thechildlessElizabethwasthelastmonarchoftheTudordynasty.Elizabeth'sreignisknownastheElizabethanera.

TheperiodisfamousfortheflourishingofEnglishdrama（英国戏剧的繁荣）,ledbyplaywrightssuchasWilliamShakespeare,andfortheseafaringprowessofEnglishadventurers（英国冒险家的航海能力）suchasFrancisDrake.England'sdefeatoftheSpanishArmada（打败西班牙无敌舰队）in1588associatedElizabethwithoneofthegreatestmilitaryvictoriesinEnglishhistory.第八页第九页，共13页。QueenVictoria（维多利亚女王）Victoria(1819–1901)wasQueenoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIrelanduntilherdeath.Herreignof63yearsandsevenmonths,whichislongerthanthatofanyotherBritishmonarchandthelongestofanyfemalemonarchinhistory,isknownastheVictorianera.Itwasaperiodofindustrial,cultural,political,scientific,andmilitarychangewithintheUnitedKingdom,andwasmarkedbyagreatexpansionoftheBritishEmpire.Shewasth