冲刺2024年高考英语真题重组卷01（全国卷）

冲刺2024年高考英语真题重组卷（全国卷专用）真题重组卷01注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatdoesthemanwanttodoontheweekend?A．Dosomegardening. B．Haveabarbecue. C．Gofishing.【答案】C【原文】M:Wegotanyplansthisweekend?W:Wemightstartwithourvegetablegarden,thenthebarbecue.M:Soundsfun,butIstillwanttogofishingwithGeorge.2．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Anewoffice. B．Achangeoftheirjobs. C．Aformercolleague.【答案】C【原文】M:Lisa,IsawJackthismorning.W:Youmeantheformerdesignerofourpany?What’shedoingthesedays?M:Hesaidhe’sgotanewjobasanartreporter.3．Whatisthemandoing?A．Askingtheway.B．Givingdirections.C．Correctingamistake.【答案】A【原文】M:Excuseme,Igotlost.Itookabustocityhall,butIcan’tfindtheplace.W:Thisistheconcerthall,notcityhall.Togothere,youshouldtakethebusatGrandHoteloverthere.4．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inthebookstore. B．Intheregisteroffice. C．Inthedormbuilding.【答案】B【原文】W:CouldyoupleasetellmehowIcangettothestudentdormbuilding?M:Sure.Turnleftwhenyouwalkoutofthisregisteroffice,passthebookstoreandyou’llseeit.5．Howdoesthewomanfeelnow?A．Relaxed. B．Excited. C．Tired.【答案】C【原文】略第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?A．Theirbusinessisslow.B．Theweatherisfavorable.C．It'seasytohirepeople.7．Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?A．Finishitallatonce.B．Havethesalessectiongofirst.C．Doonedepartmentatatime.【答案】6．A7．C【原文】M:Weneedtodecideexactlywhenwe’regoingtomove.Anysuggestions?W:IthinkJulywouldbethebesttime.Oursalesarealwaysdownthatmonth.Wecouldmovealltheofficeequipmentataweekend,doeverythingatonce.M:Ithinkaweekendistooshort.Maybeweshoulddoitdepartmentbydepartment.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Well,eachweek,adifferentdepartmentwouldmove.Thatway,therewouldalwaysbepeopleheretohandlecustomerinquiries,phonecalls,andsoon.W:Emm,that’sagoodidea.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthematch?A．Entertaining. B．Discouraging. C．Boring.9．WhatdothespeakersplantodoonTuesdayafternoon?A．Watchagame. B．Playtennis. C．Gotothecinema.【答案】8．A9．B【原文】W:Wow.Thatwasagreatmatch.Ireallylikewatchingtennisgames.M:Metoo.Ithinktennisisanexcitingsport.W:Ithinkso.Doyouplaytennis,John?M:Yes,butnotverywell.Doyouplay?W:Alittle.HowaboutagameonTuesdayafternoon?M:Sure.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．WhatdidDaviddoonhismostrecentholiday?A．Hehadaboattrip. B．Hetookaballoonflight. C．Heclimbedamountain.11．WhatisonDavid'slist?A．Giftsheneededtobuy. B．Thingshewishedtodo. C．Dateshehadtoremember.12．WheredoesthewomansuggestDavidgoforhisnextholiday?A．Australia. B．California. C．TheAmazon.【答案】10．C11．B12．C【原文】W:David,howwasyourholiday?M:Great,IclimbedMountFuji.Itwasreallybeautiful.NowIcancheckonemorethingoffmylist.W:Yourlist?M:Yes.WhenIwas12,ImadealistofthingsIwantedtodosomeday.W:That’sinteresting.Howmanyofthethingsonyourlisthaveyoudonesofar?M:Almosthalf.Ihavepictures.Wouldyouliketoseethem?W:Yes,sure.M:HereIamontopofMountFuji.AndhereIaminahotairballoon.W:Whendidyoudothat?I’vealwayswantedtogoupinahotairballoon.M:Itwastwoyearsago,inAugust,inCalifornia.W:Whatareyourplansforthenextholiday?M:I’mthinkingofdeepseadivinginAustralia.Doyouhaveanyothersuggestions?W:YoureallyoughttotakeaboatdowntheAmazon.You’llseealotofinterestinganimalsandbeautifultrees.It’soneofthebestplacesI’vebeento.M:OK.I’llputitonmylist.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．HowdoesNancylooktoDaniel?A．Confused. B．Excited. C．Anxious.14．WhydoesDanielmentionhisperformanceinaplay?A．TofortNancy. B．Toexpresshisregret. C．Toshowhispride.15．WhatisNancygoingtodonextweek?A．Takeaschooltest. B．Haveacheckup. C．Goinforapetition.16．WhatdoesDanieloffertodoforNancy?A．Rewriteherlines. B．Drivehertothetheatre.C．Helpherwiththepractice.【答案】13．C14．A15．C16．C【原文】M:HiNancy!Youlookworried.What’swrong?W:WellDaniel,haveyoueverfeltnervousonstage?M:Sure.DoyourememberthatplayIwasinafewyearsago?Iknewmylines,butIwasterrifiedtohavetorecitetheminfrontofanaudience.AssoonasIsawthecrowdofpeopledownthere,myheartbeatsofastthatIwasunabletosayasingleword.W:That’showIfeeljustthinkingaboutthespellingpetitionnextweek.M:Ididn’tknowyoumadeittothefinals.W:I’mworriedI’llgetnervousandfreezeonstage.Imightforgethowtospelleverything,evenmyownname.Idon’tknowwhattodo.M:Nancy,Iknowthatyou’renotgoingtoforgethowtospellyourname.I’llhelpyougetthroughthis.I’llgototheschoolhallwithyoutopractice.ThenI’llteachyouanexercisemybaseballcoachtaughtme.Believeme.Itworks.W:Ifeelmuchbetternow.Thanks,Daniel.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?A．Afitnesscoach. B．Achessplayer. C．Amarathonrunner.18．Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?A．HewasmotivatedbyBolt. B．Hebrokeaworldrecord. C．Hewonfifthplace.19．Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?A．Gettingoveraninjury. B．Doingstrengthtraining. C．RepresentingBotswana.20．Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A．Hisplantogoforthegold.B．Hisexperienceonthetrack.C．Hisloveforhishomecountry.【答案】17．B18．C19．A20．B【原文】M:Beinganathleteisveryfun,painful,andexciting.EverytimeIetothetrack,IfeellikeI’moutofthisplace.ThisisBotswanaNationalStadium.ThisiswhereItrain.WhenIsawUsainBoltrunningin2012LondonOlympics,Iwasamazed.Justwatchinghimrun,gotmemotivated.Iquitbeingachessplayerandstartedtorun.Iwenttothe2016Olympicsandwenttothefinalsattheageof18.Andwow,Ifinishedfifth.Itwasadreametruetome,butIstillwantedmore.Thetrainingissuperhard.ButthehardestpartformeisthatIgotaninjury,aninjurywhichmaytakemeoutforyears.Foraperiodoftime,asayoungathlete,Ididn’tknowwhattodo.Ilostfocus.Butnow,I’mbackonthetrack.IreallywanttobethereattheOlympicsanddowhatIdidbefore.Domuch,muchgreater.Idon’tcareaboutthegold,Idon’tcareaboutthesilver.Iwanttodomybest,youknow,takeeverythingandshowittotheworld.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A（2022，全国乙卷）HenryRaeburn(17561823)TheExhibitionThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland’sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,estoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.LectureSeriesScottishNationalPortrait(肖像画)Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.AnIntroductiontoRaeburnDUNCANTHOMSONRaeburn’sEnglishContemporariesJUDYEGERTONCharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburn’sPortraitsNICHOLASPHILLIPSONRaeburnandArtist’sTraininginthe18thCenturyMARTINPOSTLEExhibitionTimesLastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnoreadmission.Closed:2426Decemberand1January.Admission£4.Childrenunder12yearsacpaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof£2perpersonisavailabletoallinfulltimeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.21.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn’sEnglishContemporaries?A.Sun.26Oct. B.Thurs.30Oct. C.Thurs.6Nov. D.Thurs.13Nov.22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A.£4. B.£8. C.£12. D.£16.23.Howcanfulltimestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings. B.Theyshouldefromartschools.C.Theymustbeledbyteachers. D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.【答案】21.B22.B23.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据表格右上角Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries部分“Thursday30Oct.(10月30日星期四)”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去参加Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Admission部分“£4.Childrenunder12yearsacpaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.(4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Aspeciallowentrancechargeof£2perpersonisavailabletoallinfulltimeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.(所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场费。)”可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C项。B（2021，全国甲卷）PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,hasweledthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtoweleanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirsttimemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirsttimemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.24.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?A.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.25.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenewbornrhino?A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother. B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.C.Sheisingoodcondition D.Sheissensitivetoheat.26.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary. B.TheyenjoyedexploringnewplacesC.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers. D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserve?A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在PortLympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。【24题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第一段“shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve(她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.(他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选D项。【25题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.(她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，PaulBeer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。【26题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第一段“WhenthetinvcreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.(1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirsttimemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.(1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在PortLympne，体重约为32公斤)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。【27题详解】推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“itistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild(要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，PonLympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。C（2023，全国乙卷）WhatesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?EventhoughBritainhasareputationforlessthanimpressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeatandtwovegandreadymademealsandbeingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.ItisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain’sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.TherehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK’sobsession(痴迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.28.WhatdopeopleusuallythinkofBritishfood?A.Itissimpleandplain. B.Itisrichinnutrition.C.Itlacksauthentictastes. D.Itdeservesahighreputation.29.WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammeonBritishTV?A.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential.30.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?A.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%.31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Theartofcookinginothercountries. B.MalechefsonTVprogrammes.C.TablemannersintheUK. D.Studiesofbigeaters.【答案】28.A29.D30.D31.B【解析】【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“WhatesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeatandtwovegandreadymademealsandbeingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。D（2020，全国新课标I卷）Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualpositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomemonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthreeandahalfhours.Thelight，aboutonethousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoselfpoweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaoneofftreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighwayalotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.33.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?A.Todetectplants’lackofwaterB.TochangepositionsofplantsC.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D.Totestchemicalsinplants.34.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollutionfree?【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。32.主旨大意题。根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。33.细节理解题。根据第二段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。34.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersourcesuchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighwayalotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2019，全国新课标I卷）IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair.”____36____Accordingtorecentstudies，theanswerisabigYES，iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.___37___Iftheairyou’rebreathingiscleanwhichitwouldbeifyou’reawayfromthesmogofcitiesthentheairisfilledwithlifegiving，energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors，yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply，allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.Recently，peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈)._____38_____Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen，growingthingscanreducestress，lowerbloodpressure，andputpeopleintoabettermood(情绪).Greeneryisgoodforus.HospitalpatientsWhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.______39______Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.___40___Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveisbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【答案】36.E37.A38.G39.C40.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。36.E根据下一句中的“theanswerisabigYES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。故选E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的peopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair”和选项中的“yourmotheralwayssaid”亦是呼应。37.A根据下一句中提到的“Iftheairyou’rebreathingisclean…theairisfilledwithlifegiving,energizingoxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中“…breathemoredeeply,allowingmoreoxygentogettoyourmusclesandyourbrain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。38.G根据下一句中提到的“theseplaces”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词，故选项G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。theseplaces就是指HealingGardens。39.C前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it也要指代这种情况。故C选项切题：身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。40.D根据下文中提到的“thesun’srays…giveusbeneficialVitaminD”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。故选D：获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2022，全国甲卷）Youcantellalotaboutamanbyhowhetreatshisdogs.Formanyyears,Ienjoyedlivingwithmydogs,TillyandChance.Their___41___wasnearlyenoughtokeepmylonelinessatbay.Nearly.Lastyear,Istarteddating,butwith___42___.WhenIfirstdatedSteve,I___43___hehadadog,Molly,andacat,Flora.WhileIwas___44___thathewasananimallover,I___45___thatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattack__46___,thecat.Thenextweekwe___47___ourdogstogether.Itwasahotday.Whenwepausedtocatchour___48___,Stevegotdownononeknee.Washeproposing(求婚)?Ilikedhimtoo,butso___49___?Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs._____450_____,Ibegantofallforhim.We_____51_____todate,thoughneitherofusbroughtupthefuture.AndtheninlateNovember,Tillyhadanoperationonher_____52_____.Itookthedogsoutfourtimesaday,andIworriedthatTilly_____53_____climbingthestairscouldreopenthewound.ThenSteve_____54_____hishouse.Allworked_____55_____.Thethreedogsformedapackthat,withcoaching,_____56_____Flora’sspace;SteveandIformedagoodteam_____57_____forTilly.Wemadegoodhousemates.Ayearlater,muchtomy_____58_____,thismanproducedalittleboxwitharingandproposedtome.Hedidnotkneel(跪)down,nordidI_____59_____himto.That’sonlyforgiving_____60_____tothedogsthatbroughtustogether.41.A.ownership B.membership C.panionshipD.leadership42.A.reservations B.expectations C.confidenceD.prejudice43.A.feared B.doubted C.hopedD.learned44.A.unsatisfied B.amused C.terrifiedD.thrilled45.A.predicted B.worried C.regrettedD.insisted46.A.Flora B.Chance C.MollyD.Tilly47.A.tied B.walked C.bathedD.fed48.A.breath B.balance C.attentionD.imagination49.A.calm B.sure C.soonD.real50.A.Bytheway B.Inthatcase C.ByallmeansD.Inthatmoment51.A.continued B.decided C.intendedD.pretended52.A.eye B.tail C.earD.leg53.A.secretly B.constantly C.eventuallyD.unwillingly54.A.left B.sold C.suggestedD.searched55.A.late B.hard C.fineD.free56.A.emptied B.respected C.occupiedD.discovered57.A.looking B.caring C.waitingD.calling58.A.delight B.credit C.interestD.disadvantage59.A.beg B.trust C.needD.aid60.A.toys B.awards C.foodD.water【答案】41.C42.A43.D44.B45.B46.A47.B48.A49.C50.D51.A52.D53.B54.A55.C56.B57.B58.A59.C60.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者认为你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多，作者多年和两只爱犬生活在一起，去年开始和拥有猫狗的史蒂夫约会，但有所保留，因为一次遛狗时史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者渐渐对史蒂夫产生好感，在之后的接触中，史蒂夫和作者一起照顾作者的爱犬，一年后史蒂夫向作者求婚。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A.ownership所有权；B.membership会员；C.panionship陪伴；D.leadership领导。由上文的“Formanyyears,Ienjoyedlivingwithmydogs,TillyandChance.(多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起)”可知，作者多年和狗狗生活在一起，可得出狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C项。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A.reservations保留；B.expectations期望；C.confidence信心；D.prejudice偏见。由下文的“Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs.(他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗)”和“Ibegantofallforhim(我开始爱上他)”可知，作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗时，因为史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者才对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出刚开始约会时，因为不熟悉史蒂夫的品行，作者还是有所保留的。故选A项。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A.feared恐惧；B.doubted怀疑；C.hoped希望；D.learned得知。由上文的“WhenIfirstdatedSteve(当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知，第一次约会会得知对方相关情况，作者从而得