高中英语必修8单词(含音标)及高中英语必修5教案-Unit 1

-35-英语⑧(选修)

Unit

1

illustrate

['iləstreɪt]

vt.

说明；阐明

distinct

[dɪ'stɪŋkt]

adj.

清晰的；明显的；明确的

distinction

[dɪ'stɪŋkʃən]

n.

差别；区分；卓著

immigrant

['ɪmɪɡrənt]

n.

（从外国移入的）移民

live

on

继续存在；继续生存

strait

[stret]

n.

海峡

means

[minz]

n.

手段；方法

by

means

of

…

用……办法；借助……

prehistoric

[,prihɪ'stɔrɪk]

adj.

史前的

majority

[mə'dʒɔrəti]

n.

大多数；大半

ministry

['mɪnɪstri]

n.

（政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责

adventurer

[əd'vɛntʃərɚ]

n.

冒险家

make

a

life

习惯于新的生活方式、工作等

despite

[dɪ'spaɪt]

prep.

尽管；不管

hardship

['hɑrdʃɪp]

n.

苦难；困苦

elect

[ɪ'lɛkt]

vt.

选择；决定做某事；选举某人

federal

['fɛdərəl]

adj.

联邦制的；联邦政府的

rail

[rel]

n.

铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条

percentage

[pɚ'sɛntɪdʒ]

n.

百分比；百分率

keep

up

坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）

boom

[bʊm]

n.

（人口、贸易的）繁荣

vi.

处于经济迅速发展时期

aircraft

['ɛr'kræft]

n.

飞行器；航空器；飞机

immigrate

['ɪmɪɡret]

vi.

移入（外国定居）

immigration

[,ɪmɪ'ɡreʃən]

n.

移民；移居入境

racial

['reʃl]

adj.

人种的；种族的

crossing

['krɔsɪŋ]

n.

横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道

vice

[vaɪs]

n.

&

adj.

代理；副职

pole

[pol]

n.

地极；电极；磁极

applicant

['æplɪkənt]

n.

申请人

customs

['kʌstəmz]

n.

海关；关税；进口税

socialist

['soʃəlɪst]

n.

社会主义者；社会党人

adj.

社会主义者的

socialism

['soʃəlɪzəm]

n.

社会主义

occur

[ə'kɝ]

vi.

发生；出现

cattle

['kætl]

n.

牛（总称）

indicate

['ɪndɪket]

vt.

指出；指示；表明；暗示

back

to

back

背靠背

luggage

['lʌɡɪdʒ]

n.

行李（<美>baggage）

shave

[ʃev]

vt.

&

vi.

刮；剃

cable

['kebl]

n.

缆绳；绳索；电缆

cable

car

缆车；（美）有轨缆车tram

[træm]

n.

（有轨）电车

apparent

[ə'pærənt]

adj.

显而易见的；显然的；表面上的

apparently

[ə'pærəntli]

adv.

显然地；显而易见地

brake

[brek]

n.

闸；刹车；制动器

vi.

&

vt.

刹（车）；用制动器减速

conductor

[kən'dʌktɚ]

n.

（公车）售票员；列车员；指挥

slip

[slɪp]

vi.

滑动；滑行；滑跤

n.

滑动；滑倒

wharf

[wɔrf]

n.

码头

bakery

['bekəri]

n.

面包房；面包厂

ferry

['fɛri]

n.

渡船；渡口

vt.

摆渡；渡运

team

up

with

与……合作或一起工作

hire

['haɪə]

vt.

&

n.

租用；雇用

fascinating

['fæsɪnetɪŋ]

adj.

迷人的；吸引人的

mark

out

画线；标出……界线

seagull

['siɡʌl]

n.

海鸥

take

in

包括；吸收

angle

['æŋg(ə)l]

n.

角；角度

a

great/good

many

许多；很多

apply

for

申请；请示得到

nowhere

['nəʊhweə]

adv.

无处；到处都无

miserable

['mɪz(ə)rəb(ə)l]

adj.

痛苦的；悲惨的

punishment

['pʌnɪʃm(ə)nt]

n.

处罚；惩罚

justice

['dʒʌstɪs]

n.

公正；公平

mourn

[mɔːn]

vt.

&

vi.

哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛

civil

['sɪv(ə)l]

adj.

公民的；国内的；民间的

authority

[ɔː'θɒrɪtɪ]

n.

权威；权力（pl）当局；官方

reform

[rɪ'fɔːm]

vt.

&

vi.

改革；革新

n.

改革；改造；改良

grasp

[grɑːsp]

vt.

&

n.

抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会

thoughtful

['θɔːtfʊl;

-f(ə)l]

adj.

关切的；体贴的；深思的

thankful

['θæŋkfʊl;

-f(ə)l]

adj.

感激的；感谢的

insert

[ɪn'sɜːt]

vt.

插入；嵌入

Unit

2

differ

['dɪfə]

vi.

不同；相异

exact

[ɪg'zækt;

eg-]

adj.

精确的；准确的△cutting

['kʌtɪŋ]

n.

剪枝；剪报；剪纸

△identical

[aɪ'dentɪk(ə)l]

adj.

同一的；一模一样的

commercial

[kə'mɜːʃ(ə)l]

adj.

商业的；贸易的

straightforward

[streɪt'fɔːwəd]

adj.

简单的；直接的；坦率的

△

complicated

['kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd]

adj.

复杂的；难懂的

undertake

[ʌndə'teɪk]

vt.

着手；从事；承担

pay

off

得到好结果；取得成功；偿清

breakthrough

['breɪkθruː]

n.

突破

procedure

[prə'siːdʒə]

n.

程序；步骤；手续

△

nucleus

['njuːklɪəs]

n.

原子核；中心

△

somatic

[sə'mætɪk]

adj.

躯体的；肉体的；细胞体的

△

embryo

['embrɪəʊ]

n.

胚；胚胎；萌芽时期

carrier

['kærɪə]

n.

携带者；搬运工；运输工具

cast

[kɑːst]

vt.

扔；投；掷

cast

down

沮丧；不愉快

altogether

[ɔːltə'geðə;

ɒl-]

adv.

总共；完全地

arbitrary

['ɑːbɪt(rə)rɪ]

adj.

任意的

△

fate

[feɪt]

n.

命运；天命

correction

[kə'rekʃ(ə)n]

n.

改正；纠正；修正

object

['ɒbdʒɪkt;

-dʒekt]

vi.

反对；不赞成

objection

[əb'dʒekʃ(ə)n]

n.

不赞成；反对；异议

△

impact

['ɪmpækt]

n.

撞击；冲击；巨大的影响

medium

['miːdɪəm]

n.

(pl

media)

媒介；手段；工具

the

media

大众传播媒体（如电视、报纸等）

obtain

[əb'teɪn]

vt.

获得；赢得

attain

[ə'teɪn]

vt.

获得；到达（水平、年龄、状况等）

moral

['mɒr(ə)l]

adj.

道德（上）的；伦理的

conservative

[kən'sɜːvətɪv]

adj.

保守的；守旧的

forbid

[fə'bɪd]

vt.

禁止；不准accumulate

[ə'kjuːmjʊleɪt]

vt.

积累；聚保

in

favour

of

赞成；支持

side

road

旁路；支线；岔道（<美>sidewalk）

constitution

[kɒnstɪ'tjuːʃ(ə)n]

n.

宪法；章程

compulsory

[kəm'pʌls(ə)rɪ]

adj.

必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的

opera

['ɒp(ə)rə]

n.

歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院

chorus

['kɔːrəs]

n.

合唱；合唱队

loaf

[ləʊf]

n.

一条（面包）

flour

['flaʊə]

n.

面粉

owe

[əʊ]

vt.

欠（账、钱、人情等）；归功于……

shortly

['ʃɔːtlɪ]

adv.

立刻；不久

retire

[rɪ'taɪə]

vi.

退休；离开

bother

['bɒðə]

vt.

打扰

vi.

操心

n.

烦扰

(be)

bound

to

(do)

…

一定或注定（做）……

assumption

[ə'sʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n]

n.

假定；设想

regulation

[regjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n]

n.

规则；规章；法规

△

nonsense

['nɒns(ə)ns]

n.

胡说；无稽之谈；废话

△

popularity

[pɒpjʊ'lærətɪ]

n.

受人喜爱；流行

strike

[straɪk]

vi.

&

vt.

打；撞击；罢工

n.

罢工

strike

…

into

one’s

heart

使……刻骨铭心

△

calf

[kɑːf]

n.

小牛；牛犊

from

time

to

time

不时；偶尔bring

back

to

life

使复生；使复活initial

[ɪ'nɪʃəl]

adj.

最初的；开始的

vain

[veɪn]

adj.

虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的

in

vain

白费力气；枉费心机

resist

[rɪ'zɪst]

vt.

抵抗；对抗

drawback

['drɔːbæk]

n.

缺点；不利条件

merely

['mɪəlɪ]

adv.

仅；只；不过

△

restore

[rɪ'stɔː]

vt.

恢复；使恢复原状；重建

decoration

[dekə'reɪʃ(ə)n]

n.

装饰

unable

[ʌn'eɪb(ə)l]

adj.

不能的；不会的

feather

['feðə]

n.

羽毛

△

fairly

['feəlɪ]

adv.

公平地；相当地

in

good/poor

condition

状况很好（坏）；情况很好（坏）

turkey

['tɜːkɪ]

n.

火鸡

△

dye

[daɪ]

vt.

给……染色；染

n.

染色剂

claw

[klɔː]

n.

爪；脚爪

adore

[ə'dɔː]

vt.

崇拜；爱慕；喜爱

hatch

[hætʃ]

vt.

&

vi.

孵出；孵卵；孵化

reasonable

['riːz(ə)nəb(ə)l]

adj.

合情理的；讲道理的；公道的

Unit

3

△

amphibious

[æm'fɪbɪəs]

adj.

两栖（类）的

atent

['pæt(ə)nt;

'peɪt(ə)nt]

n.

专利证书；专利权

call

up

给……打电话

courtyard

['kɔːtjɑːd]

n.

院子；庭院；天井now

and

then

偶尔；有时

walnut

['wɔːlnʌt]

n.

胡桃；胡桃木

distinguish

[dɪ'stɪŋgwɪʃ]

vi.

&

vt.

显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别merciful

['mɜːsɪfʊl;

-f(ə)l]

adj.

宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的

product

['prɒdʌkt]

n.

产品

powder

['paʊdə]

n.

粉末；火药

set

about

开始；着手

perfume

['pɜːfjuːm]

n.

香水；香味

stainless

['steɪnlɪs]

adj.

无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的

△

jelly

['dʒelɪ]

n.

果冻；果冻状物

cube

[kjuːb]

n.

立方体；立方

cubic

['kjuːbɪk]

adj.

立方的

abrupt

[ə'brʌpt]

adj.

突然的；意外的abruptly

[ə'brʌptli]

adv.

突然地；唐突地

convenient

[kən'viːnɪənt]

adj.

便利的；方便的；就近的

caution

['kɔːʃ(ə)n]

n.

小心；谨慎

expectation

[ekspek'teɪʃ(ə)n]

n.

预料；期待；期望

passive

['pæsɪv]

adj.

被动的；消极的；被动语态的

merry

['merɪ]

adj.

愉快的；高兴的

merrily

['merɪlɪ]

adv.

高兴地；愉快地

seize

[siːz]

vt.

抓住；捉住；夺

△

recognition

[rekəg'nɪʃ(ə)n]

n.

认出；认可；承认

criterion

[kraɪ'tɪərɪən]

n.

(pl

criteria)（评判的）标准；尺度

△

claim

[kleɪm]

n.

&

vt.

要求；声称；主张

valid

['vælɪd]

adj.

有效的；确凿的

file

[faɪl]

n.

文件；档案；文件夹

vt.

提交；将……归档

ripe

[raɪp]

adj.

熟的；成熟的

string

[strɪŋ]

n.

线；绳子；一串

glue

[gluː]

n.

胶；胶水

vt.

粘贴；粘合

△

rod

[rɒd]

n.

杆；棒

freezing

['friːzɪŋ]

adj.

冰冻的；严寒的

greengrocer

['griːngrəʊsə]

n.

果蔬商（pl）蔬菜水果店

identification

[aɪ,dentɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]

n.

鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明

directory

[dɪ'rekt(ə)rɪ;

daɪ-]

n.

电话簿；商行名录

dial

['daɪəl]

vt.

拨（电话）

rainfall

['reɪnfɔːl]

n.

降雨

△

courtroom

['kɔːtruːm;

-rʊm]

n.

法庭；审判室

innocent

['ɪnəs(ə)nt]

adj.

清白的；无罪的；天真的lantern

['læntən]

n.

灯笼；提灯

bear

[beə]

vt.

忍受；忍耐；负担

jam

[dʒæm]

n.

堵塞；阻塞；果酱

microphone

['maɪkrəfəʊn]

n.

麦克风；话筒

forehead

['fɔːhed;

'fɒrɪd]

n.

额头

beaten

track

被踩出来的路；常规；惯例

occasionally

[ə'keɪʒ(ə)n(ə)lɪ]

adv.

偶然地；不时地

dive

into

迅速把手伸入；一心投入

dynamic

[daɪ'næmɪk]

adj.

充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的

set

out

(to

do)

开始（做）

multiple

['mʌltɪpl]

adj.

多种的；多样的；多类型的

n.

倍数

dot

[dɒt]

n.

点；小圆点

vt.

以小圆点标出；分散

tap

[tæp]

vt.

轻打；轻拍；轻敲

n.

轻轻地敲击（声）；（水）龙头

wire

[waɪə]

n.

金属丝；电线

straw

[strɔː]

n.

稻草；麦秆；饮料吸管reproduce

[riːprə'djuːs]

vt.

复制；再现……的形象或声音

current

['kʌr(ə)nt]

n.

（水或气）流；电流

adj.

现在的；当前的

helicopter

['helɪkɒptə]

n.

直升飞机

triangle

['traɪæŋg(ə)l]

n.

三角形；三角形物体

tetrahedron

[,tetrə'hiːdrən;

-'hed-]

n.

四面体

stable

['steɪb(ə)l]

adj.

稳固的；稳定的；安定的

invaluable

[ɪn'væljʊ(ə)b(ə)l]

adj.

无价的；极宝贵的

associate

[ə'səʊʃɪeɪt;

-sɪeɪt]

vt.

联想；联系

n.

同伴；伙伴

practical

['præktɪk(ə)l]

adj.

实际的；实践的；实用的

refrigerator

[rɪ'frɪdʒəreɪtə]

n.

冰箱

court

[kɔːt]

n.

法庭；法院；朝廷

extension

[ɪk'stenʃ(ə)n;

ek-]

n.

电话分机；扩大；延伸

hang

on

不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住

out

of

order

次序颠倒；发生故障

get

through

接通（电话）；（设法）做完；通过

ring

back

回复电话

ring

off

挂断电话

version

['vɜːʃ(ə)n]

n.

版本；译本

competence

['kɔmpitəns]

n.

能力；胜利；本领

competent

['kɒmpɪt(ə)nt]

n.

能胜任的；有能力的称职的

jeep

[dʒiːp]

n.

吉普车

personnel

[pɜːsə'nel]

n.

人力资源；人事部；全体人员

Unit

4

adaptation

[ædəp'teɪʃ(ə)n]

n.

适应（性）；改编本

classic

['klæsɪk]

adj.

经典的；第一流的

n.

经典著作

caption

['kæpʃ(ə)n]

n.

（图片上的）说明文字；（电视、电影）字幕；（杂志等文章的）标题；题目

plot

[plɒt]

n.

情节；阴谋

professor

[prə'fesə]

n.

教授

phonetics

[fə'netɪks]

n.

语音学

colonel

['kɜːn(ə)l]

n.

（陆军）上校

fateful

['feɪtfʊl;

-f(ə)l]

adj.

重要的；决定性的；命中注定的

whistle

['wɪs(ə)l]

vi.

吹口哨；发出汽笛声

n.

口哨声；汽笛声

garment

['gɑːm(ə)nt]

n.

（一件）衣服（外套、裙、袍等）（pl）服装

woollen

['wʊlən]

adj.

毛纺的；纯毛的（<美>woolen）

hesitate

['hezɪteɪt]

vi.

犹豫；踌躇

uncomfortable

[ʌn'kʌmf(ə)təb(ə)l]

adj.

不舒服的；不安的；不自在的

uncomfortably

[ʌn'kʌmftəbli]

adv.

不舒服的；不自在地

troublesome

['trʌb(ə)ls(ə)m]

adj.

带来麻烦的；使人心烦的

wallet

['wɒlɪt]

n.

皮夹；钱包

outsome

[aʊtsʌm]

n.

结果；效果

thief

[θiːf]

n.

小偷；贼

handkerchief

['hæŋkətʃɪf]

n.

手帕；手绢；纸巾

disguise

[dɪs'gaɪz]

vt.

伪装；假扮；遮掩

n.

伪装

in

disguise

伪装（的）；假扮（的）

mistaken

[mɪ'steɪk(ə)n]

adj.

（见解或判断上）错误的；不正确的

brilliant

['brɪlj(ə)nt]

adj.

光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的

classify

['klæsɪfaɪ]

vt.

编排；分类；归类

remark

[rɪ'mɑːk]

n.

谈论；言论；评述

vt.

&

vi.

谈论；评论；说起

betray

[bɪ'treɪ]

vt.

显露出（本来面目）；背叛

upper

['ʌpə]

adj.

（位置或地位）较高的；级别较高的

extraordinary

[ɪk'strɔːd(ə)n(ə)rɪ]

adj.

不同寻常的；非凡的

condemn

[kən'dem]

vi.

谴责；使……注定

gutter

['gʌtə]

n.

排水沟；阴沟；贫民区

properly

['prɒp(ə)lɪ]

adv.

适当地；恰当地

pass

…

off

as

…

（把某人）改变或冒充成……

duchess

['dʌtʃɪs;

-es]

n.

公爵夫人；ambassador

[æm'bæsədə]

n.

大使；使节

make

one’s

acquaintance

结识；与……相见

handful

['hæn(d)fʊl;

-f(ə)l]

n.

一把；少量

amazement

[ə'meɪzm(ə)nt]

n.

惊讶；惊愕

in

amazement

震惊；惊讶fortune

['fɔːtʃuːn;

-tʃ(ə)n]

n.

机会；运气；大笔的钱

authentic

[ɔː'θentɪk]

adj.

真实的；真正的；可信的；可靠的

generally

speaking

一般来说

status

['steɪtəs]

n.

身份；地位；职位

superior

[suː'pɪərɪə;

sjuː-]

adj.

优秀的；较高的；上级的

n.

上级；长官

in

terms

of

…

就……来说；从……角度

disapprove

[dɪsə'pruːv]

vt.

&

vi.

不赞成；反对；认为不好

rob

[rɒb]

vt.

抢劫；盗窃；剥夺

antique

[æn'tiːk]

adj.

古时的；（因古老、稀少而）珍贵的

n.

文物；古董；古玩

musical

['mjuːzɪk(ə)l]

adj.

音乐的；喜爱音乐的

n.

音乐喜剧

stocking

['stɒkɪŋ]

n.

长袜

believer

[bɪ'livɚ]

n.

信徒；教徒vowel

['vaʊəl]

n.

元音；元音字母

cookie

['kʊkɪ]

n.

饼干

teapot

['tiːpɒt]

n.

茶壶cream

[kriːm]

n.

奶油；面霜

nail

[neɪl]

n.

指甲；钉子

show

…

in

带或领……进来

wax

[wæks]

n.

蜡；蜜蜡

vt.

上蜡

disk

[dɪsk]

n.

磁盘

wax

disk

旧式唱片

shabby

['ʃæbɪ]

adj.

破旧的；寒酸的

referee

[refə'riː]

n.

裁判员；仲裁者compromise

['kɒmprəmaɪz]

n.

&

vi.

妥协；折衷

horrible

['hɒrəb(ə)l]

adj.

可怕的；恐怖的

laundry

['lɔːndrɪ]

n.

洗衣店；洗衣房；

bathtub

['bɑːθtʌb]

n.

浴缸；澡盆

sob

[sɒb]

vi.

啜泣；抽噎

n.

啜泣（声）；抽噎（声）

waist

[weɪst]

n.

腰；腰部；腰围

vest

[vest]

n.

背心；内衣

disgusting

[dɪs'gʌstɪŋ]

adj.

使人反感的；令人厌恶的

once

more

再一次in

need

of

需要……

heartily

['hɑːtɪlɪ]

adv.

尽情地；热心地；痛快地

overlook

[əʊvə'lʊk]

vt.

俯视；忽视；不理会

alphabet

['ælfəbet]

n.

字母表

effective

[ɪ'fektɪv]

adj.

有效的

fade

[feɪd]

vi.

&

vt.

（使）褪色；减弱；逐渐消失

fade

out

（声音、画面）逐渐模糊；渐淡

Unit

5

identify

[aɪ'dentɪfaɪ]

vt.

确认；识别；鉴别

alternative

[ɔːl'tɜːnətɪv;

ɒl-]

n.

可能的选择

adj.

供选择的；其他的

archaeology

[,ɑːkɪ'ɒlədʒɪ]

n.

考古学（<美>archeology）

starvation

[stɑː'veɪʃn]

n.

挨饿；饿死

tentative

['tentətɪv]

adj.

试探性的；不确定的

accuracy

['ækjʊrəsɪ]

n.

精确；准确

excavate

['ekskəveɪt]

vt.

挖掘；发掘

excavation

[ekskə'veɪʃ(ə)n]

n.

挖掘；发掘

interrupt

[ɪntə'rʌpt]

vt.

&

vi.

打断……讲话；打岔；

acute

[ə'kjuːt]

adj.

有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的

assume

[ə'sjuːm]

vt.

假定；设想

regardless

[rɪ'gɑːdlɪs]

adv.

不管；不顾

regardless

of

不管

mat

[mæt]

n.

席子；垫子

quilt

[kwɪlt]

n.

被子；棉被

beast

[biːst]

n.

野兽

at

most

至多；最多

centimetre

['sentɪmiːtə]

n.

厘米（<美>centimeter）

sharpen

['ʃɑːp(ə)n]

vi.

&

vt.

（使）锋利；尖锐；清晰

sharpener

['ʃɑːpənə]

n.

磨具；削具

cut

up

切碎

scrape

[skreɪp]

vt.

擦净；削平；磨光

scraper

['skreɪpə]

n.

刮刀；刮削器

ample

['æmp(ə)l]

adj.

足够的；充足的；富裕的

messy

['mesɪ]

adj.

凌乱的；脏的

primitive

['prɪmɪtɪv]

adj.

原始的；远古的；简陋的

bead

[biːd]

n.

小珠子；滴

botany

['bɒt(ə)nɪ]

n.

植物学

botanical

[bə'tænɪkl]

adj.

植物学的；与植物学有关的

analysis

[ə'nælɪsɪs]

n.

(pl

analyses)

分析

seashell

['siːʃel]

n.

海贝壳

ripen

['raɪp(ə)n]

vt.

&

vi.

使……成熟；成熟

category

['kætɪg(ə)rɪ]

n.

种类；类别；范畴

significance

[sɪg'nɪfɪk(ə)ns]

n.

意义；意思；重要性；重要意义

somehow

['sʌmhaʊ]

adv.

以……方式；不知怎么地

systematic

[sɪstə'mætɪk]

adj.

有系统的；有计划的；有条理的

spit

[spɪt]

vt.

吐出（唾液、食物等）

vi.

吐痰

delete

[dɪ'liːt]

vt.

删；删除

album

['ælbəm]

n.

相册；集邮册；唱片

scratch

[skrætʃ]

n.

（刮、抓、划的）痕迹；搔；挠

vt.

搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏

academy

[ə'kædəmɪ]

n.

学院；学会；学术团体；院校

receptionist

[rɪ'sepʃ(ə)nɪst]

n.

接待员；招待员

onion

['ʌnjən]

n.

洋葱

kindergarten

['kɪndə,gɑːt(ə)n]

n.

幼儿园

skateboard

['skeɪtbɔːd]

n.

滑板

fed

up

with

受够了；饱受；厌烦

yogurt

['jɒgət;

'jəʊ-]

n.

酸乳酪；酸奶

radioactive

[,reɪdɪəʊ'æktɪv]

adj.

放射性的；有辐射能的

radioactivity

[,reɪdɪəʊæk'tɪvɪtɪ]

n.

放射性

division

[dɪ'vɪʒ(ə)n]

n.

分割；划分；分配；分界线

melon

['melən]

n.

（各种）瓜

wrinkle

['rɪŋk(ə)l]

n.

皱纹

pulse

[pʌls]

vi.

强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动

n.

脉搏；节拍

vein

[veɪn]

n.

血管；静脉

applaud

[ə'plɔːd]

vi.

&

vt.

鼓掌欢迎；赞赏

look

ahead

向前看；为将来打算howl

[haʊl]

vt.

&

vi.

嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫

accelerate

[ək'seləreɪt]

vi.

&

vt.

加速；促进

spear

[spɪə]

n.

矛；枪

arrest

[ə'rest]

vt.

逮捕；吸引

n.

逮捕；拘留

dizzy

['dɪzɪ]

adj.

晕眩的；昏乱的；使人发晕或困惑的

eyebrow

['aibrau]

n.

眉毛

cheekbone

['tʃiːkbəʊn]

n.

颧骨

arrowhead

['ærəʊhed]

n.

箭头

axe

[æks]

n.

斧；斧子

hammer

['hæmə]

n.

铁锤；锤子

gay

[geɪ]

adj.

快乐的；欢快的

gaily

['geɪlɪ]

adv.

快乐地；轻松地

skilful

['skɪlfʊl;

-f(ə)l]

adj.

有技巧的；熟练的（<美>skillful）

date

back

追溯到……

punctuation

[pʌŋ(k)tʃʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n;

-tjʊ-]

n.

标点符号

worship

['wɝʃɪp]

vt.

&

vi.

崇拜；敬奉

n.

崇拜；敬神craftsmanship

['krɑːf(t)smənʃɪp]

n.

技艺；手艺；精工细作人教版高中英语必修5教案Unit1GreatscientistsPeriod1WarmingupandreadingLearningaims:1.Tohelpstudentslearntodescribepeople2.TohelpstudentslearntoreadanarrationaboutJohnSnow3.Tohelpstudentsbetterunderstand“Greatscientists”ImportantPoints:TohelpstudentslearntoreadanarrationaboutJohnSnowDifficultPoints:TohelpstudentslearntodescribepeopleTeachingProcedures:Ⅰ.WarmingupStepILeadinTalkaboutscientist.T:Hi,morning,class.Nicetoseeyouonthisspecialday,thedaywhenyoubecomeaseniortwograder.IamhappytobewithyouhelpingyouwithyourEnglish.Todaywearetoreadaboutacertainscientist.Butfirstlet’sdefinetheword“scientist”.Whatisascientist?Ascientistisapersonwhoworksinscience,tryingtounderstandhowtheuniverseorotherthingswork.Scientistscanworkindifferentareasofscience.Herearesomeexamples:Thosethatstudyphysicsarephysicists.Thosethatstudychemistryarechemists.Thosethatstudybiologyarebiologists.StepIIBrainstorming Askthestudentstotrythequizandfindoutwhoknowsthemost.T:Therearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.Canyounamesomeofthem?Whatkindofroledotheyplayinthefieldofscience?Dotheseachievementshaveanythingincommon?Matchtheinventionswiththeirinventors.II.Pre-readingGetthestudentstodiscussthequestionsonpage1withtheirpartners.Thenaskthestudentstoreporttheirwork.Encouragethestudentstoexpresstheirdifferentopinions.Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases?Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera?3.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?III.ReadingStepIPre-readingDoyouknowJohnSnow?Doyouknowwhatkindofdiseaseischolera?Let’sgettoknowhowDr.JohnSnowdefeated“KingCholera”in1854inLondoninthisreadingpassage:StepIISkimming Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.Whodefeats“KingCholera“? (JohnSnow)Whathappenedin1854? (CholeraoutbreakhitLondon.)Howmanypeoplediedin10days? (500)WhyistherenodeathatNo.20and21BroadStreetaswellasatNo.8and9CambridgeStreet?(ThesefamilieshadnotdrunkthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump.) (Optional)Skimthepassageandfindtheinformationtocompletetheformbelow.WhoWhenWhatHowResultJohnSnow1854helpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholeraExaminingthesourceofallwatersuppliesandfindingnewmethodsofdealingwithpollutedwaster“KingCholera”defeatedStepIIIScanningReadthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhappened.2JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.1AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854.4JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.7Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease.3JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere.8KingCholerawasdefeated.5Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.6Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump.StepIVMainideaandcorrectstageReadthepassageandputthecorrectstagesintothereadingaboutresearchintoadisease.JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”ParagraphStagesGeneralideas1Findaproblem:Whatcausethecholera?Thecausesofcholera2Makeupaquestion:Whichisright?Thecorrectorpossibletheory3Thinkofamethod:TesttwotheoryCollectdataonwherepeoplewereillanddiedandwheretheygottheirwater4Collectresults:MarkthedeathPlotinformationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdie5Analyzetheresults:FindtheresourceofthewaterLookintothewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillness6FindsupportingevidenceFindotherevidencestoconfirmhisconclusion7DrawaconclusionThepolluteddirtysourceofdrinkingwaterwastoblameforthecauseoftheLondoncholeraStepVGroupdiscussionAnswerthequestions(Finishexercise2onPage3)1.JohnSnowbelievedIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyproveit?(JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelatedtocholera,collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater.)2.DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap?(No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythosehouseholdsthathadhadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.Heidentifiedthosehousesthathadhadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.)3.Choleraisa19thcenturydisease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday?(Twodiseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARSandAIDSbecausetheyarebothserious,haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.)StepVISummaryUsingthestagesforscientificresearchandwriteasummary.Period2&3LanguagefocusLearningaims:TohelpstudentslearntousesomeimportantwordsandexpressionsImportantPoints:TohelpstudentslearntoremembersomeimportantwordsandexpressionsDifficultPoints:TohelpstudentslearntousesomeimportantwordsandexpressionsTeachingProcedures:StepIWarmingupcharacteristic n.aqualityorfeatureofsth.orsomeonethatistypicalofthemandeasytorecongnize.特征；特性 WhatcharacteristicsdistinguishtheAmericansfromtheCanadians.② a.verytypicalofaparticularthingorofsomeone’scharacer典型性的， Suchbluntnessischaracteristicofhim.WindydaysarecharacteristicofMarch.[辨析]characteristic与character characteristic是可数名词，意为“与众不同的特征“character表示（个人、集体、民族特有的）“性格、品质”，还意为“人物；文字”Whatyouknowabouthimisn’thisrealcharacter.2.putforward:tostateanideaoropinion,ortosuggestaplanorperson,forotherpeopletoconsider提出 Heputforwardanewtheory. Theforeignershaveputforwardaproposalforajointventure.AninterestingsuggestionformeasuringtheatmospherearoundMarshasbeenputforward.☆puton穿上;戴上;增加putout熄灭(灯);扑灭(火)putupwith…忍受 putdown写下来;放下； putoff耽误;延期putup建立;建造,putup举起，搭建，粘贴3.analyze:toexamineorthinkaboutsomethingcarefullyinordertounderstandit vt.分析结果、检讨、细察 Acomputeranalysesthephotographssentbythesatellite.TheearthquakeexperttriedtoanalyzethecauseoftheearthquakeoccurredonMay12,2008. Let’sanalyzetheproblemandseewhatwentwrong. Heanalyzedthefoodandfoundthatitcontainedpoison. Wemusttrytoanalyzethecausesofthestrike.☆analysis n.分析，解析，分解4.conclude: decidethatsth.istrueafterconsideringaltheinformationyouhave 得出结论；推论出 toendsth.suchasameetingorspeechbydoingorsayingonefinalthing vt.&vi结束，终止； Weconcludedthemeetingat8o’clockwithaprayer. Fromhisappearancewemaysafelyconcludethatheisaheavysmoker. Whatdoyouconcludefromthesefacts? Weconcludetogoout/thatwewouldgoout.conclusion n.结论 arriveataconclusion;cometoaconclusion;drawaconclusion;reachaconclusion Whatconclusiondidyoucometo/reach/draw/arriveat? Fromthesefactswecandrawsomeconclusionsabouthowthepyramidswerebuilt.Step2Reading1.defeat ①vt.towinavictoryoversomeoneinawar,competition,gameetc.打败，战胜，使受挫I’vetriedtosolvetheproblem,butitdefeatsme!Ourteamdefeatedtheirsinthegame.②n.失败，输 failuretowinorsucceedThismeansadmittingdefeat.Theyhavegotsixvictoriesandtwodefeats.[辨析]win,beat与defeat①win“赢得”赛事、战事、某物；后接人时，意为“争取赢得…的好感或支持；说服”②beat“战胜”“击败”比赛中的对手，可与defeat互换Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.Icaneasilybeat/defeathimatgolf.Heistraininghardtowintheraceandrealizehisdreamofbecomingachampionatthe2008OlympicGames.2.expert ① n.someonewhohasaspecialskillorspecialknowledgeofasubject专家，能手 anexpertinpsychology anagriculturalexpert ②a.havingspecialskillorspecialknowledgeofasubject熟练的，有专门技术的 anexpertrider anexpertjob需专门知识的工作 Heisexpertin/atcooking.3.attendvt.&vi参加，注意，照料①bepresentat参加attendaceremony/lecture/amovie/school/class/ameetingIshallbeattendingthemeeting.Pleaseletmeknowifyouareunabletoattendtheconference.②attendto(on):tolookafter,carefor,serve伺候,照顾，看护Thequeenhadagooddoctorattendingonher. DrSmithattendedherinhospital.治疗 Areyoubeingattendedto?接待Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.③attendto处理，注意倾听 attendtothematter Anurseattendstohisneeds. Canyouattendtothematterimmediately?Imaybelate–Ihavegotoneortwothingstoattendto.Excuseme,butIhaveanurgentmattertoattendto.[辨析]attend,join,joinin与takepartinattend指参加会议、上课、上学、听报告等join指加入某组织、团体，成为其中一员joinin指加入某种活动；表示与某人一起做某事joinsb.insth.takepartin指参加正式的、有组织的活动，切在活动中起积极作用Only2peopleattendedthemeeting.HejoinedtheCommunistYouthLeaguein2007.Willyoujoinusinthegame?Weoftentalepartintheafter-classactivities.4.expose:toshowsth.thatisusuallycovered暴露exposesth.tothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下Ithreatenedtoexposehim(tothepolice).我威胁要(向警察)揭发他.Heexposedhisskintothesun.他把皮肤暴露在阳光下.Theoldmanwasleftexposedtowindandrain.Whenhesmiledheexposedasetofperfectwhiteteeth.5.cure vt.&n. tomakesomeonewhoisillwellagian治疗,痊愈WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.①curesbofadiseaseWhenyouhaveapaininyourshoulders,youwillgotoseeadoctor.Thedoctorwillcureyou. Theonlywaytocurebackacheistorest.Hewillcurethepaininyourshoulders WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured. Theillnesscannotbecuredeasily.Althoughtheboywasbeyondcure,hisparentstriedtocurehimofbadhabits.②acureforadiseaseAspirinissaidtobeawonderfulcureforthepain. Thereisstillnocureforthecommoncold. Isthereacertaincureforcanceryet?③acureforsth.:toremoveaproblem,orimproveabadsituation解决问题，改善困境Thepricesaregoingupeveryday,butthereisnocureforrisingprices.[辨析]cure与treatcure主要指痊愈，强调的是结果treat强调治疗过程，指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治疗病人或疾病，不强调结果。Theycuredmeofmyinfluenza.Theytreatedmewithanewdrug.6.control vt.&n. vt.：tohavepowerover,rule,direct控制，支配，管理Hecannotcontrolhisfeelings/anger.YouaretryingtocontrolmeasthoughIwereyourslave.Thegovernmenttriesitsbesttocontrolprices.beunderthecontrolof…;beincontrolof;take/gaincontrolof;get/beoutofcontrol;losecontrolof;beyondcontrolGeorgetook/gainedcontrolofthebusinessafterhisfatherdied.Thecarwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothepole.theheadincontrolofthecountryThedriverlostcontrolofhiscaranditknockedintoatree.Mr.Brownisincontroloftheshop./TheshopisinthecontrolofMr.Brown.ThismoneyisundercontrolofMrBrown. Who’sincontroloftheproject? Thefirehasbeenbroughtundercontrol.7.suggest v.建议；暗示；表明 ①suggest+doing/sth./that-clauseMaysuggestedapicnicattheweekend. Whatdidyousuggesttotheheadmaster?Isuggestedleavingearlyfortheairport.Shesuggestedthatherfather(should)giveupsmoking.他建议我们参观长城。HesuggestedtousavisittotheGreatWall.HesuggestedusvisitingtheGreatWall.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)visittheGreatWall.suggest(暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatsheagreedwithme.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappy.Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasseriouslyill.Hisworksuggeststhatheisacarefulman.8.absorbtotakesth.inespeciallygradually吸收Plantsabsorbcarbondioxide.Incoldclimates,housesneedtohavewallsthatwillabsorbheat.Paperthatabsorbsinkiscalledblottingpaper（吸墨纸）.Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization. ②tounderstandfactsorideascompletelyandrememberthem It’shardtoabsorbsomuchinformation.☆beabsorbedin=concentrateon专心于HeisabsorbedintheresearchofChinesehistoryrecently.Thewriterwassoabsorbedinhiswritingthatheforgottoflicktheashesfromhiscigar. IwassoabsorbedinabookthatIdidn’thearyoucall.9.suspect:tothinkthatsomethingisprobablytrueorlikely,especiallysomethingbad ①vt.怀疑，猜疑 n.嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人 adj.可疑的，靠不住的suspectsb.ofdoingsth.怀疑某人做…Shesuspectedhimoftakinghermoney.以为，猜想Wesuspectedthathehadfinisheddoinghishomework.10.severe a.①soserious,sobad 严厉的，苛刻的，严格的Comeon!Don’tbesoseverewiththechildren.Hisreportcontainsseverecriticismofthecompany’sactions.Hisseverelooksfrightenedme.②veryharmfulorpainful,seriousoruncomfortable（疼痛）剧烈，的严重的，Iwascaughtinaseverestormlastnightandcouldn’tgobackhomeintime.Hehassuchasevereillnessthathehasbeeninhospital. Isufferedasevereattackoftoothache. Hehadaseverepainintheleg.11.foresee:toknowthatsth.isgoingtohappenbeforeitactuallyhappens vt.预见，预料Themethodwasusedinwaysthatcouldn’thavebeenforeseenbyitsinventors.Fewanalystsforesawthatoilricewouldrisesosteeply.Noonecouldhaveforeseenthingswouldturnatthisway.It’simpossibletoforeseehowlifewillworkout. 12.blame v.责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n.过失；责备blamesb./sth.forsth.:tosayorthinkthatsb.orsth.isresponsibleforsth.bad因…而指责It’snotfairtoblameme.It’snotmyfault.Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.ManychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesinspeakingEnglish.②blamesth.onsb./sth.把……归咎于:beresponsibleforsth.badThepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack’scarelessdriving.③(be)toblame应受责备（主动表被动）；承担责任Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.Whichdriverwastoblamefortheaccident?EitherheorIamtoblame.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenseofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheonetoblame.Whoistoblameforthefire?④taketheblame承担责任tosaythatsth.isyourfaultHeisreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.⑤puttheblameon怪在……身上It’snouseblamingourdefeatonhim.13.lookinto 调查，了解，研究，浏览，向…里看 We’lllookintothecaseassoonaspossible. Butnowtheauthorityislookingintothecostofmodifyingallofitswindows. Thebuildingaroundthecornercaughtfirelastnight.Thepolicearenowlookingintothematter.lookaround;lookafter,lookdownupon;lookfor;lookforwardto;looklike;lookover浏览，过目一遍;lookout;lookthrough浏览，检查;lookon;look