高中英语语法填空 (共9篇含答案)及高中英语语法总结

PAGEPAGE21考试范围：语法填空，共9篇阅读下面每篇短文或对话，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在相应位置。《一》villageintheSerengeti.Alineof502（patient）formed,allofthem3avarietyofillnessesfromtuberculosis（肺结核）tolionwoundstocommoncolds.Itwasnotlong,4,beforethesuppliesinhisbackpackwereusedupandthelinehadonlygrown5（long）.Heartbrokenanddriventotearsbythefactthathewouldhavetoleavepatientsuntreated,hedecidedthenandtherethathewouldneverleaveapatientuntreated,6thecircumstanceis.In2008,thegroupFloatingDoctorswasestablishedwiththemission7（bring）medicalrelieftoremotecoastalcommunitiesaroundtheworld.Thegroupdecidedtobuya76-footsailboat,8（call）“TheSouthernWind.”LaBrotnowhad“amuchbiggerbackpack”andwouldneverrunoutofsuppliesagain.They9（load）“TheSouthernWind”with25,000poundsofmedicalsuppliesandsetsailfortheirfirstmedicalmissionin2010.In10（rough）threemonthstheyfacilitated35mobileclinicsandtreated2,500patients.1． 2． 3．4． 5． 6．7． 8． 9．10．《二》TheAndesMountainsarethe1（long）andoneofthehighestmountainareplacesnearertotheequator（赤道）thanothers.TheAndes4（separate）intothreenaturalregions:thesouthern,central,andnorthernregions.Inthenorthernregion,itishotterbecauseitisclosesttotheequator.TherearerainforestsinthistotheAntarcticanditismuchcolder.Inthe6（center）region,theweatherismilderbecauseitisnotnear7theequatororthecoldAntarctic.ManyoftheplantswhichgrowintheAndesMountainsaresmallinsize8（keep）energy.andtheHillstarHummingbird.TypesoflandanimalsincludetheMountainLion,theRedPerll,andsoon.TheAndesMountainsarehurtbyhumansbecausetheycutdowntreeswhichsheltermanyuniqueanimals.Manalsominesforgold,silver,andcopperwhich10（gradual）destroysthesoilandhurtstheplantsoftheAndes.1． 2． 3．4． 5． 6．7． 8． 9．10．《三》Astudylookedforanyassociationbetween1（change）inweatherandbloodpressurerates.Theresearchersfocusedonwhetherchangesinpatients’bloodpressurewere2（relate）tochangesintheweather.Theyfoundthatdecreasesintemperatureandsunshine,3increasesinrainfallandfrost,wereassociatedwith4slightincreaseinbloodpressure.Inthelongerterm,individuals5bloodpressureseemedsensitive6intemperatureandsunshinehadslightincreasesinbloodpressure.Thestudy7（perform）byresearchersfromtheUniversityofGlasgow.Oneofthestudyauthorswas8（strong）supportedbyaWellcomeTrustCapacityStrengtheningStrategicAwardtothePublicHealthFoundationofIndiaandaconsortiumofUKuniversities.Itwaspublishedinthepeer-reviewedJournaloftheAmericanHeartAssociation.ThequalityoftheDailyMail’sreportingofthisstudyismixed.Onthenegativeside,itpresentsasimple9（conclude）thatcannotbedrawnfromthecomplexanalysis10（use）inthisstudy.Onthepositiveside,itsstorydoescontainusefuladvice.1． 2． 3．4． 5． 6．7． 8． 9．10．《四》Theeasiestandquickestways1（reduce）stressistosmile.Whateverisgoingoninyourmindisreflectedinyourbody.Thusasyoustretchyourfacialaffected.Ifyouareinlowspirits,standtallandholdyourheadhigh,andthatwillliftyourspirits4yourmuscles.,itisveryeasytoturnyourattentiontoyourbreathingandtofocusuponlengtheningeachbreath.Differentbreathingtechniquescanbeusedtoproduceisaveryworthwhilegoal.Therearemanydifferentwaysapersoncanlearntorelax.Someproperexerciseinyourdailyroutine9（allow）youtofeelmoreincontrolofyourbodyandthisalsobenefitsyourmind.Eating10healthydietalsobenefitsyourmindaswellasyourbody.1． 2． 3．4． 5． 6．7． 8． 9．10．《五》MostofthetimeIdowhatmyparentsexpect1me:Iworkhardinschool2IcangetintoagoodcollegeandcreatealifethatotherswantformeratherthanthatIthinkIwant.Itlookssomethinglike3（become）adoctor,oralawyer,gettingmarried,havingsomekids,movingintoaniceapartmentinthecity,preparingmykids4（do）italloveragain.Lately,5,I’mnotsureifthisisthelifeIactuallywant.IknowthatIwanttobehappy,thatIwanttoleavetheworld6（well）thanhowIfoundit,andthatIwanttofeelwhatIamdoingis7（mean）.ButIdon’tknowifthispathwillgetmethere.the8（rule）.Ireallylikeschool;IenjoylearningaboutthewaytheworldworksandI’vealwayshadgreat9（curious）.Learningabouthistorymakesmeunderstandthewaytheworldgottobethewayitistoday.Readingliteraturehelpsmeunderstandthehumancondition,10（me）,andmyownemotions.1． 2． 3．4． 5． 6．7． 8． 9．10．《六》Onceamanwaswalkingalongabeach.Thesunwasshininganditwasabeautifulday.Offinthedistancehecouldseeaperson1（go）backandforthbetweenthesurf'sedge2thebeach.Backandforththispersonwent.Asthemanapproached,hecouldseetherewerehundredsofstarfishstranded（搁浅）onthesandastheresultofthenatural3（act）ofthetide.Theman4（stick）bytheapparentuselessnessofthetask.Therewerefartoothetaskof5upstarfishonebyoneandthrowingthemintotheocean.Ashecameuptotheperson,hesaid:“Youmustbecrazy.Thereare6（thousand）ofmilesofbeach7（cover）withstarfish.Youcan’t8（possible）makeadifference.”Thepersonlookedattheman.Hethenbentdownandpickedupone9（many）starfishandthrewitbackintotheocean.Heturnedbacktothemanandsaid:“Itsuremadea10tothatone!”1． 2． 3．4． 5． 6．7． 8． 9．10．《七》Andrew:Wow,somanystudentsarecrowdingin—morethanIexpected.We’reluckytoarriveanhour1（early）.Orelsewewouldabsolutelyhaveproblems2（get）goodseats.Heather:I3（get）mylessonfromthelastexperience.Ididn’tarriveearlyenough,soIendedup4aterribleseat—allthewayupinthefrontrow!Itwasoneofmyworstmovie5（experience）ever.Andrew:Yeah.Ihatesittinginthefrontrow。Heather:Bytheway,itwas6（real）considerateofyou7（get）metheticket.Ireallyappreciate8.I’llbuysomepopcornandadrinkforus.Andrew:Thatwouldbegreat!Heather:Holdmyplace,9I’llbebackassoonaspossible.Oh,Ialmostforgot.I’dbetterholdontomyticket10theywon’tletmein.Andrew:OK.1． 2． 3．4． 5． 6．7． 8． 9．10．《八》Mary:Goodmorning.NTTCo…John:Hello.MayIspeaktoMr.IraBlack,headoftheExportSection,please?Mary:I’msorry.Mr.Black1（go）out.MayIaskwho’scalling?John:ThisisJohnCarterfromAceConsultant.Wouldyoupleasetellme2Icouldgetaholdofhim?Mary:I3（real）havenoideawhenMr.Blackcouldbeavailableintheoffice.Couldyoucallbacklaterorwouldyoumind4（leave）amessage?John:Ithinkit’sbetterformetoleave5message.Butit’simportantandurgent.Pleasemakesurehe6（get）thismessage.Mary:Isee.I’msure7（pass）yourmessagestoMr.Black.John:,donotfilloutanyordersforNNCCorporation9furthernotice?It’sveryimportant.I’llexplain10（late）.Mary:Okay,letmerepeatyourmessagetoseeifI’vegotitall.1． 2． 3．4． 5． 6．7． 8． 9．10．《九》Anchor:Youorbitroughlyevery90minutesandtravelthedistancefromtheearthtothemoononadailybasis.Thereisnosenseof1ormotionat17,000-plusmilesanhour?MikeHopkins:Yeah,thatiscorrect.Youreallydon’tgetthesenseofthespeed2youlookoutthewindowsandseejusthowfasttheearthisgoingbybelowyou.Anchor:3isitlikebeinguptherefortheholidays?RickMastracchio:Thewaywethinkaboutit,ifyouhavetobeawayfromhomeduringtheholidaystherearenotmanyplaces4（good）tobethanhere.Wehaveopportunities5（call）homealmosteverydayandasfarasfootballgoes,webothenjoyitandthegroundisveryhappytosendusfootballeventseverynowandthen.Anchor:Whatisit6youwouldlikepeople7（know）andunderstandaboutthe8（internation）spacestation?RickMastracchio:IthinkthemostimportantthingtoknowisNASAneverwentoutofbusiness.Theshuttleprogramendedbutthespacestationprogramisgoingstrong.We’reupheredoingresearch365daysayear,and9（do）soformany,manyyearsandNASAhasabright10aheadofit.1． 2． 3．4． 5． 6．7． 8． 9．10．新课标语法填空专题答案《一》【解题导语】LaBrot和他的同事们致力为那些偏远地区的人们提供医疗援助。1．【参考答案】deserted 2．【参考答案】patients3．【参考答案】with 4．【参考答案】however5．【参考答案】longer 6．【参考答案】nomatterwhat/whatever7．【参考答案】tobring 8．【参考答案】called9．【参考答案】loaded 10．【参考答案】．roughly《二》【解题导语】安第斯山脉不仅是美洲最长的山脉，也是世界最长的山脉。1．【参考答案】longest 2．【参考答案】The3．【参考答案】because/since/inthat 4．【参考答案】areseparated5．【参考答案】dueto/becauseof 6．【参考答案】central7．【参考答案】either 8．【参考答案】tokeep9．【参考答案】birds 10．【参考答案】gradually《三》【解题导语】天气寒冷、下雨的天气不但会影响人的心情，而且可能会使血压升高，对健康十分不利。1．【参考答案】changes 2．【参考答案】related3．【参考答案】or 4．【参考答案】a5．【参考答案】whose 6．【参考答案】to/about7．【参考答案】wasperformed 8．【参考答案】strongly9．【参考答案】conclusion 10．【参考答案】used《四》【解题导语】在你心情不好、意志消沉时，要学会自我放松，尽快的摆脱压抑的心情，可以采用微笑、深呼吸等方式使你达到好的心情。1．【参考答案】toreduce/ofreducing/thatreduce/whichreduce2．【参考答案】into3．【参考答案】positively 4．【参考答案】aswellas/and5．【参考答案】stressed 6．【参考答案】results7．【参考答案】or 8．【参考答案】breathing9．【参考答案】allows 10．【参考答案】a《五》【解题导语】作者总在为了别人的想法活，现在他开始想自己的梦想、自己的生活了。1．【参考答案】of 2．【参考答案】so/sothat/inorderthat3．【参考答案】becoming 4．【参考答案】todo5．【参考答案】though/however 6．【参考答案】better7．【参考答案】meaningful 8．【参考答案】rules9．【参考答案】curiosity 10．【参考答案】myself《六》【解题导语】本文是一篇极富哲理的寓言故事。有人看到一个人把冲到海滩的海星一条一条捡起扔回到大海而产生质疑：怎么多的海星救得过来吗？殊不知这样至少对扔回到大海的海星来说是生与死的差别。1．【参考答案】going 2．【参考答案】and3．【参考答案】action 4．【参考答案】wasstuck5．【参考答案】picking 6．【参考答案】thousands7．【参考答案】covered 8．【参考答案】possibly9．【参考答案】more 10．【参考答案】difference《七》【解题导语】Andrew和Heather去看电影，因为吸取以前的经验教训，提前到达，所以找到了好位置。为了感谢Andrew，Heather决定给Andrew买爆米花喝饮料。1．【参考答案】earlier 2．【参考答案】got3．【参考答案】learned 4．【参考答案】with5．【参考答案】experiences 6．【参考答案】really7．【参考答案】toget 8．【参考答案】it9．【参考答案】and 10．【参考答案】incase《八》【解题导语】本文是一段电话语言交流。John打电话找Black先生，因此让Mary给Black传个信。1．【参考答案】hasgone 2．【参考答案】when3．【参考答案】really 4．【参考答案】leaving5．【参考答案】a 6．【参考答案】gets7．【参考答案】topass 8．【参考答案】changes9．【参考答案】until 10．【参考答案】later《九》【解题导语】此对话选自对两位在国际空间站宇航员的即时电视联线采访内容，宇航员的回答让我们对太空站的生活有了一定的了解。1．【参考答案】speed 2．【参考答案】until/before3．【参考答案】What 4．【参考答案】Better5．【参考答案】tocall 6．【参考答案】that7．【参考答案】toknow 8．【参考答案】international9．【参考答案】havedone/havebeendoing10．【参考答案】future高中英语语法简单总结：高中语法难在复杂，要记忆的知识点太多、太杂，我结合高中的语法要求大纲简单总结了我个人认为比较主要的知识点。大体把握思路，知道都有哪些知识点，然后多看、多做题，总结经常错的知识点，其实知识点是有限的，只要多看几遍，多过滤几遍，就会发现漏网之鱼已经很少了。下文总结了十二个要点：1、主谓一致2、时态3、语态4、非谓语动词5、情态动词6、虚拟语气7、句子种类8、名词性从句9、状语从句10、定语从句11、强调句12、倒装句当然以上并不是全部要点，还有一些比较基础的，比如：祈使句、省略句、名词等知识点比较简单，在平时做题中自然而然就积累下来了，不需要刻意背诵。一、主谓一致主谓一致的关键在于，分条记清楚，不要混淆。以动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.（动词不定式短语作主语）Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.（动名词短语作主语）Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.（从句作主语）由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。Thewriterandartisthascome.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every或morethana(an)/one,manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,anyno,every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。Everystudentandeveryteachisintheclassroom.Manyaboyandmanyagirllikesit.Noboyandnogirllikesit.Eachofushasanewbook.Iseveryoneheretoday?Somebodyisspeakinginclass.Everythingaroundusismatter若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。Noneofthesugarwasleft.Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.在定语从句里，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。（画线为先行词）Thosewhowanttogopleasewritetheirnamesontheblackboard.Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heisthe(only)oneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致。ItisIwhoamgoingtothecinematonight.Itiswewhoaregoingtothecinematonight.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式；如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式。Hisfamilyhasmovedtothesouth.(他的一家)HisfamilyarewatchingTV.（他的家人）6、由alotof/lotsof/plentyof/aheapof/heapsof/therestof/themajorityof+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.50percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.此外，还有anumberof+复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但thenumberof+复数名词的数就得依number而定（用单数）。Anumberofstudentshavegonetothefarmtohelpthefarmerpickapples.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookisthreehundred.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Therecomesthebus.Betweenthetwohillsstandsamonument.表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等。都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。Idon’tthinkphysicsiseasytostudy.9、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。Theoldaretakengoodcareofthere.（老人们）Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoall.（美好的东西）10、therebe句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.11、主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,besides,alongwith,including,inadditionto等引起的短语，谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.Awomanwithababywasonthebus.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.ThegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedtospeakJapanese.Nooneexceptmyteachersknowsanythingaboutit.二、动词的时态动词的时态是日常口语、写作都要用到的，并不仅仅局限于考试，所以是一个英语语法的基础。对于应用考试，时态的难点通常是过去完成时、过去进行时、将来完成时，难在时间点、时间段的判别，通常会有关键词比如ago\since等等，如果没有关键词就要结合语境判断时间的延续性和间断性。一般现在时：do/does,(系动词is/am/are)（1）一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。（2）主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。I’llgothereafterIfinishmywork.Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgothere.（3）在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。Theregoesthebell.（铃响了。）Therecomesthebus.（汽车来了。）Hereshecomes.（她来了。）一般过去时：did,(系动词was/were)表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。现在进行时：is/am/aredoing（1）表示正在进行的动作。（2）表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。SheisleavingforBeijing.（她要去北京。）（3）代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。Thesunisrisingintheeast.（太阳从东方冉冉升起。）过去进行时：was/weredoing（1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）Hewaspreparinghislecturealldayyesterday.（2）表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行TheywerestillworkingwhenIleft.（3）用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生IwaswritingwhilehewaswatchingTV.（4）表示过去将来动作Hesaidshewasarrivingthenextday.现在完成时：has/havedone（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话时已完成的动作。Ihavefinishedthereport./Shehascleandtheroom.（2）表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”,“since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。HehaslearnedEnglishforsixyears.（3）表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/hasbeento”，表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/hasgoneto”。—WhereisLiHua?－Hehasgonetothereading-room.—SheknowsalotaboutShanghai.－Shehasbeenthere.（4）短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,breakout等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。不能说：Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.要翻译“他已参军已经三年了。”可采用①“ago法”Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.②“延续法”Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.③“since法”Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.过去完成时：haddone（1）表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。Hehadshutthedoorbeforethedogcameup.（2）表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。Hehadbeenillforaweekwhenwelearnedaboutit.（3）常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。Wehadexpectedthatyouwouldbeabletowinthematch.将来完成时：will/shallhavedone用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。WewillhavefinishedseniorBook2bytheendofthisterm.现在完成进行时：has/havebeendoing用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（还要继续下去）的动作。Hehasbeendoingthemathproblemssince8:00.过去完成进行时：hadbeendoing表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，还将继续下去。She

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5

hours.

She

was

still

waiting.

(有表示一段时间的状语)10、一般将来时：will/shalldo；is/am/aregoingtodo；is/am/are（about）todo一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。be+doing进行时表将来：go,come,start,move,leave,arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作。Heismovingtothesouth.AretheyleavingforEurope?beaboutto+动词原形：表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语。Iwasabouttoleavewhenthebellrang.Themeetingisabouttoclose.beto+动词原形表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。We’retomeetattheschoolgateatnoon.一般现在时表将来：时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来。Themeetingstartsatfiveo’clock.三、动词的语态（被动语态的句型）动词的语态主要是被动语态的应用，比较简单。1、常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）。HewasscoldedbytheEnglishteacher.2、主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分。（使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”）Theboygotdrownedlastsummer.3、带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。Shelentmeabike.被动：①Iwaslentabike(byher).②Abikewaslenttome(byher).4、情态动词＋be＋过去分词。Thisproblemmustbeworkedoutinhalfanhour.5、双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分。Thesemagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthereading-room.四、非谓语动词非谓语不是难点，但是一个比较复杂的知识点，要记要背的东西比较多，但用熟了以后就会脱口而出，没有太大难度，主要在多用、熟悉。1、只接不定式做宾语的动词：hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen.2、只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语：mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resist,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto.3、意义不同的不定式：stoptodo停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事remember/forget/regrettodo（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regretdoing（指动作已经发生）goontodo（接着做另外一件事）goondoing（接着做同一件事）trytodo（设法，努力去做，尽力）trydoing（试试去做，看有何结果）meantodo（打算做，企图做）meandoing（意思是，意味着）can’thelp（to）do（不能帮忙做）can’thelpdoing（忍不住要做）beconsideredtohavedone被认为已经做了consider…tobe认为是considerdoing考虑做某事五、情态动词情态动词通常是语气的表示，虽然没有实际意义，但却常常在完形填空中出现。首先要区别各个情态动词所表示的意思和语气，然后注意对应的文章和语境所需要的语气。之后就是一些小点，比如shall的不同意义、情态动词+havedone的各种特殊用法等。1、表示“能力、许可”的can和may：（1）表示能力的情态动词用can/could。Acomputercan’tthinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.（2）表示许可时用may/might,can/could都可以，但在问句中用could…?或might…？以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一定，必须，mustn’t表示禁止，不许可）。Johnny,youmustn’tplaywiththeknife,youmayhurtyourself.（3）在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/wereableto。Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.2、表示“推断、判断”的can，may，must：（1）在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。Petermaycomewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.（2）在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t时用以代替mustn’t，语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。Michaelcan’tbeapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.（3）在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must。Hemaybeverybusynow./Canhebeverybusynow?Hemustbeverybusynow./Canhebeverybusynow?3、need作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。4、dare作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare和dared两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.Idon’tknowwhetherhedaresay.Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.（否定句）Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?（疑问句）5、shall：（1）用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。Whatshallwedothisevening?（2）用于第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.（警告）HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.（允诺）Heshallbepunished.（威胁）6、should劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。Youshould(oughtto)gotoclassrightaway.7、will/would：（1）请求、建议，would比will委婉客气。Wouldyoupassmethebook?（2）表示意志、愿望和决心。Iwillneverdothatagain.（3）would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Thewoundwouldnotheal.（伤口老是不能愈合）would表示估计或猜想。Whatwouldshebedoingthere?8、情态动词+havedone的用法：（1）could+havedone：本可以做而实际上未能做。Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.（2）cannot+havedone：表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。Hecannothavebeentothattown.（3）can+主语+havedone：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）。Canhehavegotthebook?（4）might(may)+havedone：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。Hemaynothavefinishedthework.must+havedone：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannothavedone。Youmusthaveseenthefilm.Youcannothaveseenthefilm.（7）needn’t+havedone：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.区别于：didn’tneedto(haveto)do：没有必要做而实际上也没有做Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.（8）should(oughtto)+havedone：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIworkedtouseit.区别于：Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.（表推测）六、虚拟语气虚拟语气是重点也是难点，一定要详细记忆，清楚地分辨各种用法，千万不要混淆。If引导的条件句是基础，在清除记忆了这个基础之上，有几个难点如下所列：省略if的虚拟条件句、混合虚拟条件句、含蓄虚拟条件句和其它状语从句等。If引导的条件从句：（1）与现在事实相反从句：过去式（was/were），主句：should/would/could/might+doIfhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.（2）与过去事实相反从句：had+done，主句：should/would/could/might+have+doneIfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.（3）与将来事实相反从句：过去式/should+动词原形/were+todo，主句：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.省略if的虚拟条件句：将虚拟条件从句中的were，had，should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。Shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup.WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoit.HadIbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.混合虚拟条件句：（1）不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则。Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.（2）虚拟与陈述的混合：各遵守各的规则。Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.含蓄虚拟条件句：（1）butfor+名词表示虚拟条件Butforyourtimelywarning,wemusthavegotintogreattrouble.Youknowwe’refriends.（2）without+名词表示虚拟条件Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.（3）动词不定式表示虚拟条件Itwouldbeonlypartlyrighttofollowinthisway.（如果用这种方式，仅仅对了一半。）（4）现在分词表示虚拟条件Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.（要是及时得知的话，我们也许能阻止这场事故。）（5）过去分词表示虚拟条件Givenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.（如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长的更好。）副词otherwise表示虚拟条件Iwastoobusyatthattime.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecalledyou.（我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。）（8）连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件Hewouldbecomefatterbutheeatstoolittle.其它状语从句：asif/asthough引导的状语从句中动词用did或had＋done或would／could／might＋do。①与现在事实相反Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas．=2\*GB3②与过去事实相反HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.=3\*GB3③与将来事实相反Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.注意：当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，asif/asthough引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气。Itsoundsasifitisraining．听起来像是在下雨。

Hetalksasifheisdrunk．从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。（2）inorderthat/sothat引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/might/would等+do。Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.6、宾语从句：（1）demand,suggest,order,insist后接的从句中动词为should+do。Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.（2）wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+do表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反。IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.IwishIwouldhavegonetoShanghailastmonth.7、主语从句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等从句中，谓语动词用should+do。Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.8、其它句型中（1）Itistimethat…句型中动词用过去式或should+doIt’shightimethatweleft/shouldleave.（2）wouldrather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.（3）Ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!七、句子种类句子种类是比较简单，考试也不会特殊单独考到，在这里写下主要是因为它是语法学习的基础，有助于接下来高级语法的学习，所以简单理解清楚即可。1、感叹句：（1）what+名词Whatafinedayitis!（多好的天气呀!）（2）how+形容词或副词Howhardtheyareworking!（他们工作多努力呀！）（3）how+句子Howtimeflies!（时间过得多么快呀!）（4）How+adj.+a(an)+n.=Whata(an)+adj.+nHowniceaboy(heis)!=Whataniceboy(heis)!（多好的孩子啊!）2、简单句：（1）主+谓Theydisappeared.（他们消失了。）（2）主+谓+宾Helikesswimming.（他喜欢游泳。）（3）主+谓+间接宾+直接宾Itoldmyfriendthegoodnews.（我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。）（4）主+谓+宾+宾补TheynamedtheboyJack.（他们给孩子起名叫杰克。）（5）主+系+表Sheisauniversitystudent.（她是一名大学生。）3、并列句：（1）并列关系and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,both…and,not…but。Either

you

do

it,

or

I

ask

for

somebody

else

to

do

it.

（要么你来做，要么我请其他人来做。）Neither

Tom

nor

Jack

has

finished

the

homework.

（汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。）

Not

couldn’t

they

complete

the

task,

but

the

task

was

too

tough.

（不是他们完不成任务，而是任务太重了。）（2）转折关系but,while（而，尽管），nevertheless(然而；不过)。John

likes

playing

basketball,

but

he

didn’t

play

it

yesterday.

（约翰喜欢打篮球，但他昨天没打。）（3）选择关系or,otherwiseorelse,either…or。Wemusthurry,orwe’llmissthetrain.（我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。）EitheryoucometomyplaceorIgotoyours.（或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。）（4）因果关系for,so,thus,therefore,andso。Wehadbetterstayathome,foritwasraining.（我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。）Hedidn’tworkhard,thereforehefailedintheexamination.（他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。）4、复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。从句有：（1）名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句）；（2）状语从句；（3）定语从句。八、名词性从句名词性从句是一个考试点，做题时经常会遇到，但是高中语法阶段不需要做太难的深究，只要弄清楚详细的小知识点用于选择、填空等即可，比如that\whether\if\which\what等的应用环境与辨别。1、主语从句：（1）连词：that（that在引导主语从句时不可省去），Whether（主语从句中只能用whether不可用if）。Thathewillcomeandhelpyouiscertain.（他来帮助你是确实无疑的。）Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.（月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。）（2）连接代词：who，what，which，whatever。Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.（他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。）Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.（谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。）（3）连接副词：when，where，why，how。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.（我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。）WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.（英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。）注：主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。2、宾语从句：（1）陈述：that（that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省）。Ibelieve(that)heishonest.（我相信他是忠诚的。）（2）疑问：if，whether（whether常与ornot连用，不能用if代替；作介词宾语要用whether不能用if；从句是否定句时一般用if引导）。Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.（我想知道他来还是不来。）Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.（一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。）Idon’tknowif(whether)itisinteresting.（我不知道它是否有意思。）Hedoesn’tcareifitisn’tafineday.（他不在乎天气是否好。）（3）特殊疑问意义：who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever（宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语）。Pleasetellmewhatyouwant.（请告诉我你需要什么？）Shealwaysth