2024届高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧之细节题讲义

细节题解题一、解决三个问题第一个：顺序问题先题后文还是先文后题利弊分析先文后题先题后文利于把握主旨&态度不利于把握主旨阅读速度较慢解题效率高不利于对内容作预测适合事实细节题孰优孰劣根据个人情况和试题特点而定如果词汇基础好阅读速度不错可以先文后题如果词汇基础弱阅读障碍大可以先题后文一般来说试题先后顺序和文章段落先后顺序一致即题文同序不过有的主旨题比较特殊需要对全文进行归纳得出养成标示文章自然段习惯12345方便题文对照建议：不但细节题其他题也最好是先阅读题干再带着问题去阅读文章这样阅读就有针对性第二个：文章信息分布不均衡问题文章信息分布并不均等而关键信息才是解题的关键有以下几种信息需要优先关注即先读重点八大关键信息出处分布情况①首尾句首尾段及各段首尾句或第二句②因果转折but,yet,however,though,instead,still,infact,asamatteroffact...because,as,for,since,dueto,resultfrom,asaresult,resultin,thanksto,so,thus,therefore,consequently,cause,leadto,contributeto...,now③正反对比unlike,bycontrast,incomparison,becomparedwith,however,unfortunately,now④人观事论Dr.xxsay,..thereportsuggeststhat...thestudyshowsthat....⑤事例前后forexample,forinstance,suchas,like,具体数据...⑥特殊标点:解释或总结——解释或补充说明?设问看答案;反问看本身⑦修饰修辞重复、倒装句、强调句...⑧特殊句式特别提示以上重要信息出处对所有题型都有效不仅仅是细节题要保持对以上关键信息标志词或短语的敏感度关键信息处指的是80%往后看20%往前看最好是前后都要关注但重点关注后面第三个：两大技能技能一：信息定位：从问题题干中筛选重要信息标记出关键词作为定位词便于后续回原文定位关键词定位定位词专有名词用题干中首字母大写的人名地名组织机构名年份等主题名词用题干中能体现该句主题或中心的名词主题动词用题干中能体现该句主题或中心的动词生词难词用题干中出现的生词、难词、长词缩略词用题干中的缩略词（一般会大写）时间数字用题干中表示时间的词或数字序数词特殊符号用题干中带引号或连字符号的词形容词、副词用题干中形容词、副词及最高级题文同序根据题干与段落出现先后顺序一致性进行模糊定位关键词的优先等级为：专有名词及数字（大写人名、地名、机构名等）>普通名词、动词>形容词、副词要保持对以上关键信息标志词或短语的敏感度做题五大步骤：第一步读题干找定位信息第二步回原文定位第三步长难句分析第四步排除错误答案第五步选定正确答案第1篇①WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地).②ln1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N."Ding"Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresident.FranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.③About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem-afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgrammehasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogrammeseverinitiated.(2021全国I卷C篇]WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.What无效，无法帮助定位Cause低效，概括性太强，极易为隐藏信息Waterfowl高效，显眼,极小概率被替换Population有效，可能被具体数量替换Decline有效，可能被同义替换NorthAmerica高效，显眼,极小概率被替换①WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地).1.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.不但要定位到某一段还要定位到这一段的某一句或某几句要运用题干中的定位词来定位当然还有一个关键信息词unfortunately表明前后对比，说明重要信息在后边①WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地).1.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.如果你的词汇量只有初中水平可以使用排除法一一排除答案A还可以直面硬刚通过信息处理直接得出答案这就需要用到技能二了技能二信息处理：实质就是对复杂长难句进行句子成分结构分析目的是找出主干获得关键信息（关键信息处）表转折Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadesto状语形主谓间宾状形直宾定从decimatealargepartoftheseresources主语（不定式短语/非谓语动词短语）不定式形宾后定（介宾短语）介形宾Ittakessbsometimetodosth从初中开始学校老师就告诉你这是固定搭配让你死记非也介宾短语=介词+宾语非谓语动词短语=非谓语动词+宾语不但句子从句可以进行成分分析短语也可以进行成分分析着重从标点符号、从句引导词、非谓语动词、介词短语处拆分句子Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverly主语谓语地点状语（抽象）（介宾短语）ambitioussportsmen.介宾后置定语（介宾短语）Bekilledatthehand/handsof...死于...之手BofA就是A的BMillionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,主语谓语目的状语（不定式短语）不定式形宾greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地).状语结果状语（现在分词短语）现在分词宾前后形成了因果关系1.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.经过对以上信息处理我们就可以直接从最后一句得出答案A当然出题者依然使用套路来迷惑大家在正确答案上绕了一个弯我们要对正确答案和答案特征做到心里有数注意：对于长难句，如果看一眼就能读懂，分清主干和枝叶，就不需要浪费时间去分析成分；如果这个长难句是答案来源你又看不懂，最好还是分析一下成分，找出主干获得关键信息二、总结:㈠、信息定位三原则够显眼：时间/地点/大写/数字/生僻词...找实词：名、动、形少重复：文中各处反复出现词无从定位无效㈡、解题步骤三步曲第一步：找关键定位词从题干中标出关键词作为定位词回原文定位第二步：回原文定位①回文定位到句：即用题中关键词回文定位相对简单，直接定位到了某一句话也可以留意一下定位句的上一句和下一句，去看看有没有相关的人物观点或事件结论（人观事论）来进行解释说明②回文定位到段/几句：即用题中关键词回文定位范围较大，无法直接定位到某句话，而是几句话甚至是一个段落第三步：比对答案句和四个选项，排除错误选项，选出正确选项㈢、正误选项特征1、正确选项会有以下两种形式：①信息改写也就是正确选项会对原文进行改写，改写的方式包含以下三种，有时候这几种情况同时出现：同义词替换、前后语序调整、词性改写。②信息概括这种相对较难，正确选项是对原文的概括总结或者正话反说。一般是针对回文定位到几句或者一整段的题。2、错误选项类型如下：无中生有：原文找不到相匹配对象以偏概全：原文和选项的范围不一致扩大范围：选项范围大于原文偷换概念：原文和选项的对象不一致答非所问：选项信息本身正确，但和题目无关正反混淆：原文和选项信息方向相反南辕北辙因果颠倒：原因和结果互换位置东拼西凑：在原文截取不同句子的部分信息进行拼凑练习应用第2篇Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感)intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills".Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.ltreferstoaperson'spositivequalities.首先找出题干里的定位词1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?根据定位词回到原文定位并且要对关键信息标志词敏感Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感)intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills".Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.ltreferstoaperson'spositivequalities.如果你词汇量只有初中水平最好用排除法Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感)intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills".Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.ltreferstoaperson'spositivequalities.A选项与原文相反；B选项无中生有原文没有提及C选项以答非所问本身是正确理解的而非误解那么答案就是D还可以直面硬刚通过信息处理直接得出答案介Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableina定主状谓宾宾补（介宾短语）介状宾后定地状（介宾短语）介person'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,定宾定从主谓状语（介宾短语）介宾confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills".desirable/dɪ'zaɪərəb(ə)l/adj.

可取的,值得拥有的,合意的somethingthatisconsideredafavorableoutcome,seee.g.

\o"Bestresponse"bestresponsemakeup组成构造延伸为性格天性含义把emotionalintelligence误解成everythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupsuchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills"通过desirablecharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills"得知这些都是积极的因素所以选D出题者的套路弯弯绕又来了：正确选项是对原文的概括总结或者正话反说第3篇1.Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.2.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.lt'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.3."Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,"shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.4."However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,"Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.5.Asaresult,"shesays,"someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers."Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,"shesays.Ittakessomepractice.[2020全国I卷C篇]Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It'slesschallengingphysically.C.lt'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.lt'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.从题干寻找定位词1.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.1.Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.2.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.lt'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.3."Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,"shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.4."However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,"Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.5.Asaresult,"shesays,"someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers."Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,"shesays.Ittakessomepractice.[2020racewalkers在文中反复出现如果是主旨题这就是关键词主题词但对于细节题来说就是无效的定位词那只能是conditionedatheletes来定位从而定位到第2段Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.lt'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.1.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C,Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.如果你有初中词汇量只能用排除法了A选项答非所问并没有指出原因B选项无中生有原文并未提及D.偷换概念原文说要swinglegs但并没有说begoodat通过排除法得出答案C还可以直面硬刚通过信息处理直接得出答案Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswing定主谓宾从1定主谓宾方式状语（介宾短语）介宾后定（介宾短语）介宾andonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.宾从2主系表（介宾短语）时状（介宾短语）介宾后定（介宾短）介宾lt'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity定定主强调句谓宾定定宾补ThisstrangeformmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivityItis+被强调部分+that+其余部分（英语写作中的高分句）C选项specialrules与原文的rulesrequire相呼应我们来看第二题2.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It'slesschallengingphysically.C.lt'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.lt'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.从题干中找定位词Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning根据题文同序原则第1和2段不要找要去345这三段去找并且找的是racewalking比running优势的地方这时要结合关键信息八大定位来处理3."Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,"shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.4."However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,"Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.5.Asaresult,"shesays,"someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers."Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,"shesays.Ittakessomepractice三段都出现了定位词和关键信息标志词因为横跨三个段跨度较大需要进一步概括和信息处理"Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,"shesays.观点1比状（介宾）主系状表介宾Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburn原因状语（介宾短语）主后定（现在分词短语）谓短语介词定宾非谓语状语（介宾短语）副连about800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburn状定宾方状（介短）非限制性定语从句主系状表状定比较状语从句walking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecalories非限制性定语从句perhour.数据来说明观点1主状谓状定宾方状概括大意：观点是racewalking和running都要消耗体力，但消耗的卡路里不同并且racewalking比running消耗的少显然这不是优势as...as的知识点同级比较和...一样（在英文写作中也是高分句）Sheisasfatasme副形介SheisasfatasIam副形连4."However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,"Dr.Norbergsays.观点2主