《英文专升本语法》课件

PPTcoursewareforEnglishgrammarforcollegestu目录contentsIntroductionNounVerbSubjectsandadvertisementsPositionsandconnectionsSubordinateclauseSubjunctivemoodandemphasissensepatternsIntroduction01CourseIntroductionThisPPTcourseprovidesacomprehensiveintroductiontoEnglishgrammarforcollegestudentsItcoverstheessentialgrammarrulesandstructuresthatarenecessaryforeffectivecommunicationinEnglishCourseoverviewThecourseaimstodevelopstudents'understandingofEnglishgrammar,improvetheirlanguageskills,andenhancetheirabilitytocommunicateeffectivelyinEnglishLearningobjectivesLearningobjectivesUnderstandthebasicprinciplesofEnglishgrammar:StudentswilllearnthefundamentalrulesandprinciplesofEnglishgrammar,includingsentencestructure,partsofspeech,andbasicinputImprovelanguageskills:Throughpracticeandexercises,studentswillenhancetheirabilitytospeak,write,andunderstandEnglishTheywilldeveloptheirlanguageskillsinareassuchaspresenceconstruction,paragraphorganization,andeffectivecommunicationApplygrammarrulesincontext:StudentswilllearntoapplytherulesofEnglishgrammarindifferentcontexts,includingwritingessays,preparingforexams,andconductingbusinesscorrespondenceTheywilllearntoanalyzepresencestructuresandidentifygraphicalerrorstoimprovetheirlanguageuseinpracticalsituationsNoun02ThesenounscanbecountedandarecommonlyassociatedwithregularformsExamplesinclude"book,""apple,"and"cat."ThesenounscannotbecountedandarecommonlyassociatedwithsingularformsExamplesinclude"milk,""bread,"and"rice."CountableanduncountablenounsUncountablenounsCountablenounsPositivenounsThesenounsindicateownershiporsessionofsomethingTheyareformedbyadding"-'s"or"'s"totheendofthenounExamplesinclude"John'scar"and"thecompany'sheadquarters."PositiveobjectionsTheseobjectionsalsoindicateownershiporpositionbutareformedbyadding"-'s"or"'s"totheendofthepositivenounExamplesinclude"John'scarisred"and"thecompany'sheadquartersislocatedinNewYork."PositivecaseofnounsThesenounsareusedasattributesordescriptionsofothernounsTheyarecommonlyplacedbeforethenountheymodifyExamplesinclude"carsalesperson"and"musicteacher."AttributivenounsTheseobjectionsarealsousedasattributesordescriptionsbutareplacedbeforethenountheymodifyExamplesinclude"beautifulflowers"and"uglyface."AttributiveobjectionsNounsasattributesVerb03Itisusedtoexpressanactionthatisalwaystrue,biologicalactionorgeneraltruthSimplepresenttenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthatwillhappeninthefutureFuturetenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthathappenedinthepastPasttenseTenseActivevoiceItisusedtoputtheemphasisonthesubjectandmakethepresencemoreinterestingandimpactfulPassivevoiceItisusedtohideorremovethesubjectfromthepresenceandmakeitsoundmoreobjectiveandpersonalVoiceSubjectverbconsistencySubjectandverbshouldbeinagreementinnumberandpersonForexample,ifthesubjectissingular,theverbshouldalsobesingularThesubjectandverbshouldalsobeinagreementintenseForexample,ifthesubjectisinthepresenttense,theverbshouldalsobeinthepresenttenseSubjectsandadvertisements04DescriptionAdjectivesareusedtodescribenounsorpronouns,providinginformationabouttheircharacteristics,quality,orappearanceTypesThereareseveraltypesofobjectives,includingqualitative,quantitative,positive,anddemonstrativePositionObjectivescommonlycomebeforethenountheyaredescribing,butsomeofthemcancomeafterthenounaswellTheUsageofAdjectivesTheUsageofAdvantageousAdvantageousareusedtomodifyverbs,objectives,orotheradvertisements,providingadditionalinformationabouttheirmeansTypesAdvertiserscanbeclassifiedintoseveralcategories,suchasManner,time,place,degree,andpurposePositionAdvantageouslycomeafterthesubjectandbeforetheverbinasentenceDescriptionComparativeformsofadvisorsandadvisorsareusedtocomparetwothingsorpeopleTheyareformedbyadding"-er"totheendofanobjectiveoradvisoryComparativeFormsSuperlativeformsofobjectionsandadvertisementsareusedtocomparemorethantwothingsorpeople,showingthebestortheworstTheyareformedbyadding"-est"totheendofanobjectiveoradvisorySuperlativeFormsThecomparativeandsuperiorformsofobjectionsandadvertisementsPositionsandconnections05Placepositionsusedtoindicatelocationorposition,suchas"onthetable","inthebox","underthechair"DirectionorMotionpositionsusedtoindicatedirectionormotion,suchas"tothestore","fromheretothere","upgrades"Timepositionsusedtoindicatetime,suchas"inthemorning","atnoon","afterdinner"TheusageofpositionsCoordinatingConnectionsConnectionsusedtoconnecttwoindependentclauses,suchas"and","but","or"SubordinatingConnectionsConnectionsusedtointroduceasuborderclause,suchas"because","if","when"RelatedConnectionsConnectionsusedinpairstoconnecttwosimilarstructuresorideas,suchas"notonly...butalso","either...or"TheuseofconnectionsAnalysisofpositionsandconnectionsThroughpracticeandfeedback,learnerscanimprovetheirabilitytocorrectlyusepreparationsandconnectionsinEnglishgrammarImprovingPreparationandConnectionUsagePositionsindicatespatialortemporalrelationships,whileconnectionsindicatelogicalrelationshipsbetweenclaimsorintentionsDistinctionbetweenPositionsandConclusionsLearnersoffusepositionsandconnections,leadingtoincorrectusageItisimportanttounderstandtheirdistinctfunctionsandcharacteristicsCommonMissesofPositionsandConnectionsSubordinateclause06NominalclauseNonclauseisaclausethatfunctionsasanoun,commonlyasthesubjectorobjectofasenseItcanbeformedbyasubjectandafineverb,orbyasubject,apredictiveobjective,andsometimesacompletionNodalclausesoftenbeginwithacapitalletterandendwithaperiod03Attributiveclausescanbeeitherfineornonfine,andtheycanappearbeforeorafterthenountheymodify01Anattributiveclauseisaclausethatmodifiesanounorpronounbyprovidingadditionalinformationaboutit02Itisintroducedbyamodifyingconnectionsuchas"when,""where,""because,"or"if."AttributiveclauseAdverbialclaims010203Anadvisoryclauseisaclausethatfunctionsasanadvisory,modifyingaverb,advisory,orotherclauseItisintroducedbyasubcoordinatingconnectionsuchas"after,""before,""less,"or"since."Superiorclausescanbeeitherfineornonfine,andtheyareoftenplacedafterthemainclauseinordertoprovideadditionalinformationabouttheeventorstatedescribedinthemainclauseSubjunctivemoodandemphasissensepatterns07Subjunctivemoodisagraphicalstructurethatexpresseswishes,hypotheses,oremotionscomparedtofactualstatementsItistypicallyindicatedbytheuseofspecialverbformsand/orsubjunctionverbsInEnglish,thesubcriticalmoodislesscommonthaninotherlanguages,butitstillexistsincertaincontexts,suchasinconditionalsentimentsandwishesThesubconjunctivemoodisoftenfusedwithothergraphicalstructures,suchastheindicativemoodandtheintangiblemood,soitisimportanttounderstandthedifferencesbetweenthemSubjunctivemoodEnhancedpatternisagraphicalstructurethatemphasizesaspecificpartofthepresenceInEnglish,emphasizedpatternisverycommonandcanbeusedtoemphasizeimportantinformationortocreateaspecificeffect