英语被动语态讲解及练习

英语被动语态讲解及练习一、什么是被动语态？英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”

二、被动语态的结构那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）：

Hisbicyclewasstolen.Thebuildinghasbeenbuiltin2000.

通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：be+过去分词+(by+动作执行者)

三、被动语态的运用

什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况：

（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如：Paperismadefromwood.（纸是由木材生产出来的。）

Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950.（这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。）

Hewaswoundedinthefight.（他在战斗在受伤了。）Electricityisusedtorunmachines.（电是用来开动机器的。）

（2）需要强调动作的对象时。例如：Calculatorcan'tbeusedinthemathsexam.（计算器不能用于数学考试。）

Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustntbetakenaway.（阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。）

Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.（他在比赛中获得了第一。）

（3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如：

Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.（新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。）

四、各种时态的被动语态举例

一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：

1、一般现在时的被动语态.am/is/are+动词的过去分词

Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.ThiscarismadeinChina.

2、一般过去式的被动语态:was/were+动词的过去分词

Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow.

Thestationwasbuiltin1928.

3、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词

Anewfactoryisbeingbuiltinourcitynow.

Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.

4、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+动词的过去分词

Anewfactorywasbeingbuiltinourcityatthattime.

SomebabieswerebeinglookedafterbyMissChenlastyear.

5、一般将来时的被动语态:

(A)will/shall+be+动词的过去分词

(B)am/is/are+goingtobe+动词的过去分词.

Somenewfactorieswillbebuiltinourcitythisyear.

Yourwatchisgoingtobemendedinanhour.

6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1).would/should+be+动词的过去分词(2).was/were+goingtobe+动词的过去分词.Shesaidthatsomenewfactorieswouldbebuiltsooninourcity.Hethoughtthatyourwatchwasgoingtobemendedafteranhour.

7、现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+动词的过去分词

Somenewfactorieshavebeenbuiltinthecitysincelastyear.Yourwatchhasbeenmendedalready.

8、过去完成时的被动语态:had+been+动词的过去分词

Hesaidthatsomenewfactorieshadbeenbuiltinthecity.Ididn’tknowthatmywatchhadbeenmended.

9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must+be+done例如：Hecannotbefound./Imustbepaidforthis.

五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态

1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。

例1.

主动语态：人们说英语。PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.

被动语态：英语被说。Englishisspokeninmanycountries..

例2.主动语态：我们造这座桥。Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.

被动语态：这座桥被建造。Thisbridgewasbuiltlastyear.

2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。

例1.主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语)XiaoLiuhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty.

被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请。YouhasbeeninvitedtoalunchpartybyXiaoWang.

例2.

主动语态：你不准带走杂志(宾语)Youmustnottakethesemagazinesoutofthereading-room.

被动语态：杂志(宾语)不准被带走.Thesemagazinesmustnotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.

例3.主动语态：他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.

被动语态：他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章.Hewasgivenamedalforhiswonderfulwork.

被动语态：一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.Amedalwasgiventohimforhiswonderfulwork.

六、练习

1.Weshalldiscusstheproblemattomorrow'smeeting.(提示)theproblem-be-discuss

2.Hasanybodyfedthebirds?(提示)Hasanybody-be-feed

3.Peoplewillneverforgettheaccident.(提示)theaccident-willbe-forget

4.Theyarerepairingthecarinthegarage.(提示)thecar-bebeing-repair

5.Someonemusthaveturnedonthelightwithoutyournotice.(提示)thelight-musthave-be-turnon

6.Theyhavefoundwaystomakewastewaterclean.

7.Someonemusttakecareofthechildrenwhenwegoout.

8.Theywon'tholdthemeetinguntilnextFriday.

9.Youmaywritethisletterinpencil.

10.Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.被动语态复习A．熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p．p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：一般现在时：am／is／are＋p．p．一般过去时：was／were＋p．p．一般将来时：shall／willbe＋p．p．现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋p．p．现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p．p．过去将来时：should／wouldbe＋p．p．含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋p．p．例如：①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople．A．speakB．isspeakingC．speaksD．isspoken②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool．A．weretoldB．istellingC．wastoldD．tells③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina．A．mustB．mustbeC．hasD．haveB．明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2．强调动作的承受者。例如：这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。Thetree____________bythatboy．（填wasbroken）C．熟练转换1．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。例如：①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce．Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce．（同义句）（填mustbethrownaway）②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables？（改为被动语态）Where______vegetables______？（填were；grown）D．注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：①Hetoldusastory．（变被动语态）→Weweretoldastory（byhim）．或：Astorywastoldtousbyhim．②Hermothergaveheranewpen．（变被动语态）Anewpen__________________herbyhermother．（填wasgivento）2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：①Thisdictionarymustn't_____fromthelibrary．A．takeawayB．takenawayC．aretakenawayD．betakenaway［D］②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren（变被动语态）Thechildrenwill______________________________()17.Mary____showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto()18.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()19.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()20.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()21.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()22.Ourteacher_____carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Thework_______________intwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.Silk__________inSuzhou.3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.AnEnglishsong___________bythechildren.4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.It______________byyounow.5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.ANewYearCard____________herbymelastweek.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.Metal________formakingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.I____________thatforhim.8.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.Thisbook___________tothelibrary.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?____abridge____herebythemayearago?10.We'llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.AnEnglishplay_____________oninourschool.11.MoreandmorefarmersbuycolorTVsets.ColorTVsets_________moreandmorefarmers.12.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.Hiswatch____________bymybrother.13.Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.Theflowersmust______(byus)everyday.14.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives______forcuttingthings.15.Hemadethefarmersworkforalongtime.Thefarmers________________foralongtime.16.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday?____thewindow__________yesterday?17.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.Thelightgreendresses_____________out.18.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroom________everyday.19.Youmustnotplanttreesinverydryearth.Trees_________________inverydryearth.20.Youcandigaholeintheearth.AHole_____________intheearth.三、用动词的正确语态填空。1.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.2.Thatplay________(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.3.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.5.What___aknife______(make)of?It_______________(make)ofmetalandwood.6.APianoconcert_____________(give)herelastFriday.7.______themagazine____(cantake)outofthelibrary?8.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.9.Thestars_____________(cansee)inthedaytime.10.Someflowers__________(water)byLiMingalready.11.Thesekindsofmachines__________(make)inJapan.12.Apples_________________(grow)inthisfarm.13.Russian_____________(learn)asthesecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.14.Planes,carsandtrains__________(use)bybusinesspeoplefortravelling.15.Thecinema___________(build)in1985.16.Thebike______________(mustnotput)here.17.Abeautifulhorse___________(draw)byJohnnextday.18.Thiskindofmachine___________(canmade)byuncleWang.19.Mr.Green______(open)twonewschool.20.ThePLA____________(found)onAugust1st,1927.21.Bythetimehewasten,theboy________(learn)EnglishandFrench.22.Howlong_____youruncle____(be)inthecity?23.______you____(see)thefilmyet?Yes,I_______(see)itlastweek.24.UncleWang____________(live)heresince198025.Listen!Someone_________(sing).26.Tom________(nothave)breakfastyesterdaymorning.四、把下列句子改写成被动语态1.Theymakemachinesinthatfactory.__________________________________2.Everybodylikesthissong.__________________________________3.Hedoesn'tshowthestampstome.__________________________________4.Peopledon'tgrowriceinthewestofJapan._____________________________5.HeoftenhelpsTomwhenTomisintrouble._______________________________6.Dotheworkersbuildmanybuildings?__________________________________7.DoesKatesometimesbreakglasses?__________________________________8.DoyoualwayssendalettertoMrHu?__________________________________9.Whatdoestheteacheroftentelltheboystodo?_________________________10.Howmanydesksdotheybuyeveryterm?__________________________________11.Theysoldthatkindofshoesinthisshoplastweek.____________________12.Crannytoldusastorylastnight.__________________________________13.Hedidn'tgivethedictionarytomeyesterday.__________________________14.Hedidn'tbuyanythingtherebeforeheleft.____________________________15.Didhecleantheblackboardjustnow?__________________________________16.Whendidshecooksupperyesterday?__________________________________17.Wheredidshemakethem?__________________________________18.Whoserulerdidyouborrow?__________________________________19.Wemusttietheyoungtreetothestick.________________________________20.Theycan'tmendthebikeinthatshop.__________________________________21.Youshouldtakegoodcareofherbaby.__________________________________22.Youmaytakeitbackhome.__________________________________23.MayIlookafterthebabyathome?__________________________________24.Mustwehandinourexercise-booksnow?_________________________________25.Canyoumendthisradiohere?__________________________________初中英语被动语态专项练习(

)1.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.

A.found

B.was

founded

C.isfounded

D.wasfound

(

)2.English____inCanada.

A.speaks

B.arespoken

C.isspeaking

D.isspoken

(

)3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensings

B.oftensang

C.isoftensang

D.isoftensung

(

)4.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.

A.makes

B.made

C.is

making

D.ismade

(

)5.Newcomputers___allovertheworld.

A.isused

B.areusing

C.areused

D.haveused

(

)6.Ourroommust___clean.

A.keep

B.bekept

C.tobekept

D.tokeep

(

)8.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuilding

B.isbeingbuilt

C.beenbuilt

D.bebuilding

(

)9.Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

A.wasleft

B.willbeleft

C.isleft

D.hasbeenleft

(

)10.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.need

B.areneeding

C.areneeded

D.willneed

(

)11.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.willbepublished

B.ispublishing

C.isbeingpublished

D.hasbeenpublished

(

)12.Japanese___ineverycountry.

A.isnotspoken

B.arespoken

C.isspeaking

D.isnotspeaking

(

)13.Thesepapers___yet.

A.havenotwritten

B.havenotbeenwritten

C.hasnotwritten

D.hasnotbeenwritten

(

)14.Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.

A.didn't

B.won't

C.isn't

D.doesn't

(

)16.___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.

A.Does

B.Has

C.Is

D.Are

(

)17.___thesedesksbeneeded?

A.Will

B.Are

C.Has

D.Do

(

)19.Whowasthebook___?

A.write

B.wrote

C.written

D.writtenby

(

)20.Where___theseboxesmade?

A.was

B.were

C.is

D.am

(

)21.Theflowers___often.

A.mustbewater

B.mustbewatered

C.mustwatered

D.mustwater

(

)22.Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.

A.bekept

B.beborrowed

C.keep

D.borrow

(

)23.Theteachermadehim___hishomework.

A.todo

B.do

C.did

D.done

(

)24.Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.

A.wasmadetoclean

B.madeclean

C.madetoclean

D.wasmadeclean

(

)25.Thesechildren____dance.

A.wereseento

B.wereseenfor

C.wereseen

D.sawto

(

)26.Thesestones___well.

A.arefitted

B.fit

C.fits

D.isfitted

(

)27.Thebike___500yuan.

A.wascost

B.costed

C.cost

D.iscosted

(

)28.Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.

A.washad

B.washeld

C.held

D.had

(

)29.Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.

A.tookplace

B.havetakenplace

C.weretakingplace

D.hadtakenplace

(

)30.Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.

A.wasbrokendown

B.iswrong

C.isbad

D.hasbrokendown

(

)32.Thewatchhasoften___down.

A.sat

B.lain

C.broken

D.fell

(

)33.Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.

A.isbroken

B.isbreaking

C.broke

D.broken

(

)34.Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.

A.arewritten

B.werewritten

C.arewriting

D.werewriting

(

)35.Whattime___thedoor___everyday?A.does;closed

B.does;close

C.is;closed

D./;close

(

)36.Canhe___himself?A.getdress

B.getdressed

C.getsdressed

D.insteadof

(

)37.Hefellfromhisbikeand___.

A.ishurt

B.getshurt

C.gothurt

D.hurt

(

)38.Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill___.

A.burnt

B.burn

C.burning

D.getburn

(

)39.Theapple___verysweet.

A.istasted

B.taste

C.tastes

D.aretasting

(

)40.You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.

A.see

B.watch

C.look

D.lookat

(

)41.Whatyousaid___likeagoodidea.

A.heard

B.listened

C.sound

D.sounded

(

)43.Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed___.

A.toclean

B.clean

C.cleaning

D.cleaned

(

)45.Thebrokenbike__herebyMrSmith.A.canmend

B.canmended

C.canbemend

D.canbemended

(

)46.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.

A.isgoingtoberebuilt

B.willrebuilt'

C.aregoingtoberebuilt

D.aregoingtorebuilt

(

)47.Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshown

B.willshown

C.willshow

D.isshown

(

)48.Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.

A.isgoingtoberebuilt

B.willberebuild

C.aregoingtoberebuilt

D.willrebuild

(

)49.Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.

A.havekept

B.arekeeping

C.havebeenkeeping

D.havebeenkept

(

)50.Thepot__for__hotwater.A.used;keeping

B.wasused;keeping

C.isused;tokeep

D.areused;keep

(

)51.Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.grows

B.isgrown

C.weregrown

D.willgrow

(

)55.Thebridges__twoyearsago.WOIt'saHaidiantopproblem

A.isbuilt

B.built

C.werebuilt

D.wasbuilt

(

)56