2023-2024学年北京市新高三入学定位考试英语试题（解析版）

2023—2024学年北京市新高三入学定位考试英语本试卷共13页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ItwasanordinarysummerafternoonwhenIfirstfoundoutaboutmygrandpa’s____1____garden.Thatday,afterschool,insteadofwalkingstraighthome,Idecidedtovisitmygrandpa,wholivedjustafewblocksaway.WhenIgotthere,Isawthefrontdoorwasslightlyopen.Ipusheditopenbutfoundnobody.Curiosityand____2____mixedwithinmeasIventuredinsideandnoticedthebackdoorwideopen,leadingtoapathI’dnever____3____before.Thereitwas—abreathtakinggarden,filledwithflowersofallshapesandcolors,greenerystretchingoutasfarasmyeyescouldsee.Iwalked____4____,marvelingatthebeautifulspectacle.Suddenly,Iheardarustlingsoundfromanearbybush,followedbyasoftandfamiliarvoice.“Ididn’t____5____youtofindthisplace,mydear,”mygrandpasaid,emergingfrombehindthegreenleaveswithabroadsmile,holdingawateringcan.____6____bythebeautyofthegarden,Ijuststoodthere,takingintheview.Afterwhatfeltlikeforever,Iasked,“Grandpa,whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutthisplace?”Heshruggedandreplied,“Iwantedittobea____7____,somethingyoucoulddiscoveronyourown.It’smorespecialthatway,don’tyouthink?”Sincethatday,wewouldspendhoursinthegarden,tendingtotheflowers,sharingstories,andenjoyingeachother’s____8____.Thatgarden,whichIdiscovered____9____,becameourplayground,ahavenofpeaceinthemidstofourbustlingcitylives.Lookingbacknow,IrealizethatthegreatestthingIfoundinthatgardenwasnotthebeautifulscenery,butthepreciousmemoriesand_____10_____Ibuiltwithmygrandpa.1.A.tiny B.secret C.romantic D.natural2.A.concern B.relaxation C.delight D.excitement3.A.appreciated B.doubted C.noticed D.recognized4.A.home B.back C.away D.further5.A.expect B.hope C.allow D.tell6.A.Disturbed B.Overwhelmed C.Angered D.Amused7.A.mystery B.gift C.challenge D.wonder8.A.garden B.company C.greeting D.memories9.A.asusual B.inparticular C.onpurpose D.bychance10.A.peace B.balance C.bond D.trust【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D5.A6.B7.A8.B9.D10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要写了一个普通夏日午后，主人公和祖父一起在花园里度过了很多美好的时光，这个花园成为了他们的乐园。回想起来，主人公意识到在花园里最重要的不是美丽的风景，而是与祖父建立的珍贵回忆和情感。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次发现爷爷的秘密花园时，那是一个普通的夏日午后。A.tiny微小的；B.secret秘密的；C.romantic浪漫的；D.natural自然的。根据后文“asIventuredinsideandnoticedthebackdoorwideopen，leadingtoapathI'dnever3before.”可知，对于作者来说这是个以前没有发现的花园，所以应该是秘密花园。故选B。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我冒险走进去，发现后门大开着，通向一条我从未注意过的小路时，内心交织着好奇和关注。A.concern关心；关注；B.relaxation放松；C.delight高兴；D.excitement兴奋。根据前文Curiosity和下文“I’dnever____3____before”可知，作者以前没有来过，因此在推开这个门的时候，应该是好奇的和关注的。故选A。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.appreciated欣赏；感激；B.doubted怀疑；C.noticed注意到；D.recognized认出。根据后文“Thereitwas—abreathtakinggarden,filledwithflowersofallshapesandcolors,greenerystretchingoutasfarasmyeyescouldsee.(那是一个令人惊叹的花园，开满了各种形状和颜色的花，绿色植物一直延伸到我的眼睛所能看到的地方)”可知，作者在这之前从来没有注意到这个花园。故选C。【4题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我继续往前走，惊叹于这美丽的景象。A.home回家；B.back回来；后边；C.away离开；D.further更进一步。根据后文“marvelingatthebeautifulspectacle”可知作者应该是进一步走进花园，所以应该是walkedfurther。故选D。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“亲爱的，我没想到你会发现这个地方，”爷爷说着，拿着一个喷壶，笑容满面地从绿叶后面走了出来。A.expect认为；预料；B.hope希望；C.allow允许；D.tell告诉。根据下文““Iwantedittobea7,somethingyoucoulddiscoveronyourown.It’smorespecialthatway,don’tyouthink?””可知爷爷没有料到作者会发现这个地方。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：被花园的美景迷住了，我只是站在那里欣赏风景。A.Disturbed打扰；B.Overwhelmed征服；C.Angered激怒；D.Amused消遣；娱乐。根据后文“Ijuststoodthere,takingintheview”可知作者突然发现这个园子很美，应是被美景所征服。故选B。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他耸了耸肩，回答说:“我希望它是一个谜，你可以自己发现一些东西。这样更特别，你不觉得吗?”A.mystery神秘；B.gift礼物；C.challenge挑战；D.wonder奇迹。根据后文“somethingyoucoulddiscoveronyourown.It'smorespecialthatway,don’tyouthink?”可知爷爷是想让作者自己去发现这个地方，所以是想让它成为一个谜。故选A。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我们总是会在花园里呆上几个小时，照顾花朵，分享故事，享受彼此的陪伴。A.garden花园；B.company陪伴；C.greeting问候；D.memories记忆。根据前文“wewouldspendhoursinthegarden,tendingtotheflowers,sharingstories,andenjoyingeachother’s.”可知作者和爷爷会在花园里呆上几个小时，照料花朵，分享故事，彼此陪伴。故选B。【9题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：那座花园是我偶然发现的，后来成了我们的游乐场，成了熙熙攘攘的都市生活中的一个宁静的避风港。A.asusual和平常一样；B.inparticular特别地；C.onpurpose故意地；D.bychance偶然地。根据前文“Curiosityand____2____mixedwithinmeasIventuredinsideandnoticedthebackdoorwideopen,leadingtoapathI’dnever____3____before.”可知作者偶然发现的这个园子。故选D。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我意识到我在那个花园里发现的最伟大的东西不是美丽的风景，而是我与爷爷建立的珍贵回忆和纽带。A.peace平安；B.balance平衡；C.bond纽带；联系；D.trust信任。根据下文“Ibuiltwithmygrandpa”可知，回想起来，主人公意识到在花园里最重要的不是美丽的风景，而是与祖父建立的珍贵回忆和互信关系。故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Aliteraturereviewisasurveyofscholarlysources____11____aspecifictopic.Itprovidesanoverviewofcurrentknowledge,allowingyoutoidentifyrelevanttheories,methods,andgapsinthe____12____(exist)researchthatyoucanlaterapplytoyourpaper,thesis,ordissertationtopic.Agoodliteraturereviewdoesn’tjustsummarizesources—itanalyzes,synthesizes(综合),and____13____(critical)evaluatestogiveaclearpictureofthestateofknowledgeonthesubject.【答案】11.on12.existing13.critically【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了什么是文献综述。【11题详解】考查介词。句意：文献综述是关于某一特定主题的学术资料的调查。根据句意，此处表示“关于”，表明一篇文章、一本书、一个演讲的主题时（通常比较严肃或学术性较强）用介词on。故填on。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：它提供了当前知识的概述，使您能够识别相关的理论，方法和现有研究中的差距，您可以稍后应用于您的论文，毕业论文或论文主题。空处修饰名词research,使用形容词existing作定语，意为“现有的”。故填existing。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：它分析、综合、并批判性地评估，以提供关于该主题的知识状态的清晰画面。空处修饰动词evaluates，使用副词作状语。故填critically。B阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。SwedishstudentsgenerallywelcomeAItoolsineducation,but62%considerusingchatbotsinexamsascheating.However,theboundariesofcheatingwithAIremainuncertain.Thisresult____14____(show)inasurveyfromChalmersUniversityofTechnology.Thestudy,thefirstofitskind____15____(investigate)students’attitudestowardsAIineducationhasgatheredcrucialinformationandpresentedtheresultsinanoverviewreport.Theresearchershopethesurvey’sfindingswillempowerstudents____16____helpthemgetabetterunderstandingofAI’sroleinlearning.【答案】14.isshown15.toinvestigate16.and【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能在学习中发挥的作用。14题详解】考查时态语态。句意：查尔姆斯理工大学的一项调查显示了这一结果。根据句意可知谓语动词show和主语thisresult之间是被动关系，结合语境可知时态为一般现在时，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语thisresult是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填isshown。【15题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这项研究首次调查了学生对教育中人工智能的态度，收集了重要信息，并在一份概述报告中展示了结果。分析句子可知，空处使用不定式作后置定语修饰thefirstofitskind。故填toinvestigate。【16题详解】考查连词。句意：研究人员希望这项调查的结果能赋予学生权力，帮助他们更好地理解人工智能在学习中的作用。根据句意可知前后句子之间是并列关系，使用and连接。故填and。C阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Rachelhadalwaysbeenfascinatedwiththemysteriesofthesea.Shedreamedofexploringthe____17____(deep)ofitanddiscoveringunknowncreatures.Herobsessionintensifiedwhenshediscoveredanoldmapinhergrandfather’sattic(顶楼),whichshowedaplacemarked“hiddentreasure”.Ignoring____18____hermotherhadwarned,shestartedasmall-boatadventure.Afterhoursofsearchingwithnoluck,afriendlygiantoctopusappeared,guidinghertoasecretcave____19____shefoundtreasuresbeyondherwildestdreams.Fromthisexperience,Rachel____20____(know)thatthebravestseekersoftenfindthegreatesttreasures.【答案】17.depths##depth18.what19.where20.knew##hasknown【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Rachel对海洋奥秘的探索。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：她梦想着探索海洋的深处最深的地方，发现未知的生物。冠词修饰名词，depth“深处”，根据句意，既可以用作可数名词单数也可以用作可数名词复数，故填depths/depth。【18题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：她不顾母亲的警告，开始了一场小船冒险。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指物，使用what引导。故填what。【19题详解】考查定语从句。句意：一只友好的巨型章鱼出现了，引导她到一个秘密的洞穴，在那里她发现了她最疯狂的梦想之外的宝藏。空处引导定语从句，先行词cave在从句中充当地点状语，使用where引导。故填where。【20题详解】考查动词时态。句意：从这次经历中，瑞秋知道最勇敢的探索者往往能找到最大的宝藏。根据句意可知此处时态一般过去时，动词使用过去式，也可以描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。故填knew/hasknown。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AStargazingFestivalsin2023Asmoreareasgrowbrighterwithlightpollution,nationalparksacrossthecountryhavebecomedark-skyhavens.Overtheyears,theyaremakingapushtogetcertifiedashavensforsky-watchingbytheInternationalDarkSkyAssociation,andtheyevenhosteventslikestargazingfestivalstogettravelersexcitedaboutastronomy.·BryceCanyonNationalPark—June14-17SituatedinsouthernUtah,BryceCanyonearneditsdark-skytitlein2019.The35,835-acreparkisanidealplacetostayuplate.Thisyear,itsannualastronomyfestivalincludesguidedstargazingsessions,lecturesand“starstories”presentations,family-friendlyactivities,andevenaperformancebystringsmusiciansinthenorthernArizona-basedDarkSkyQuartet.·ShenandoahNationalPark—August11-13Convenientlylocatedwithinaday’sdrivefromtwo-thirdsofAmericans,ShenandoahNationalPark’snightskyfestivalisalow-liftwaytodabbleinastronomy.Thenearly200,000-acreparkwillhostrangertalks,publicstargazingsessions,lectures,presentations,andactivitiesforkids.Staffersarestillworkingonthisyear’sfullschedule,butpasteventshavecoveredtopicsrangingfromspaceweathertonocturnal(夜间的)creatures.·GreatBasinNationalPark—September14-16GreatBasinisoneoftheleastcrowdednationalparks,makingittheperfectplacetoquietlyappreciatethemysteriesofthecosmos.Itsannualastronomyfestivalisscheduledforthisfallandincludesguestspeakers,constellationtalks,observatorytours,andaphotographyworkshop.Duringthefestival’sunique“ArtintheDark”program,participantswillgettopaintinlow-lightconditionsandexperimentwithhowtheireyesperceivecolor.·JoshuaTreeNationalPark—October13-14JoshuaTreeNationalPark,astheInternationalDarkSkyAssociationnotes,isthe“nearestconvenientplacetogostargazingunderarelativelydarksky”forthe18millionpeoplewholiveintheLosAngelesarea.Itbecameanofficialdarkskyparkin2017,andeachyear,ithostsanightskyfestivalinthefall.Asluckwouldhaveit,thisyear’sdatesoverlapwithanannular“ringoffire”solareclipse.FromJoshuaTree,themoonwillappeartoobscurebetween70and80percentofthesun.21.WhatisthepurposeofStargazingFestivals?A.Toraisepublicinterestinastronomy.B.Tocallforactionagainstlightpollution.C.Toprovideaplatformtoobservestars.D.Tocollectmoneyformoreobservatories.22.Whereshouldyougoifyouwanttoexperienceworkinginlow-lightconditions?A.BryceCanyonNationalPark. B.ShenandoahNationalPark.C.GreatBasinNationalPark. D.JoshuaTreeNationalPark.23.WhatmightbeabonustovisitorstoJoshuaTreeNationalParkduringthefestivals?A.Anobservatorytour. B.Aphotographyworkshop.C.Astargazingtour. D.Asolareclipse.【答案】21.A22.C23.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。作者列举了2023年四个国家公园的星空观测节活动。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“theyevenhosteventslikestargazingfestivalstogettravelersexcitedaboutastronomy(他们甚至举办观星节等活动，让旅行者对天文学感到兴奋)”可知观星节的目的是提高公众对天文学的兴趣，故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据GreatBasinNationalPark—September14-16部分的“Duringthefestival’sunique“ArtintheDark”program,participantswillgettopaintinlow-lightconditionsandexperimentwithhowtheireyesperceivecolor(在艺术节独特的“黑暗中的艺术”项目中，参与者将在弱光条件下绘画，并实验他们的眼睛如何感知颜色)”可知如果你想体验在弱光条件下的工作，你应该去大盆地国家公园，故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据JoshuaTreeNationalPark—October13-14部分“Asluckwouldhaveit,thisyear’sdatesoverlapwithanannular“ringoffire”solareclipse(幸运的是，今年的日期与环形“火环”日食重叠)可知在节日期间，日食可能是约书亚树国家公园游客的额外奖励，故选D。BHorsebackRidingFourth-graderMaliahMcCasterstrolledintoherclassroomatDr.MartinLutherKingJr.ElementarySchoolinNewYork,holdingatoypony.Injustafewhoursshewouldboardaschoolbusalongsideherclassmatesandheadoutforamorningofhorsebackriding.TheweeklyactivitycomesthroughapartnershipwithVictoriaAcresEquineFacilityinGuilderland,whichoffersatherapeuticridingprogramtoempowerindividualswithdisabilities.SpecialeducationteacherMorganGrimmsaidtheactivity,whichtakesplacetwiceaweek,hasallowedMaliah,whohasautism,toconnectwithothersandenjoyalearningenvironmentoutsideofatraditionalclassroom.“She’sasupersensorygirl.Onthedaysthatwe’renothere,she’sseekingalotmoreattentionandherbehaviorsareabitincreased.Butonthedayswecomebackfromthefarm,she’salotcalmer,”Grimmsaid.“We’reseeinganincreaseinhermakingsentencesandheroveralllanguage.”The10-year-oldisoneoffourstudentswithautismwhoareparticipatinginthepilotprogram,officiallylaunchedattheGuilderlandfarmearlierinthespring.Theyrecentlyhadtheirfourthridingsession.VictoriaAcres,foundedin2012,providesmorethan2,300ridinglessonsandtherapieseveryyear.Therecentadditionofanindoorridingfacilityhasallowedthenonprofittoexpanditsprogramsyear-round,providinganaverageof48lessonsperafternoon.Despitethebusyschedule,thefarmpaysextraattentiontothehealthandwell-beingofitseighttherapyhorses,ensuringeachanimalparticipatesinamaximumofthreehalf-hoursessionseachday.Manyoftheanimalsareolder,whichmakesthemespeciallysuitablefortherapyduetotheirgentle,calmnature.Likeothernonverbalstudents,Averyusesa“tap-tap”motiontosignalthehorsetomoveforward.Hisfeetbarelyreachthestirrups,buthelooksateaseandconfidentasherocksbackandforthatopthegentlegiant.“Helookslikeacowboy,”saidKristinMunrett,principalofDr.MartinLutherKingJr.Elementary.Asthechildrenexploredthepropertywiththeirsupportstaff,pointingatthedonkeysandwatchingthehorsesgraze,itwasclearwhytheexecutivedirectorofthenonprofit,ErinPashley,calleditherhappyplace.24.Accordingtothepassage,thehorsebackridingprogramisdesignedto.A.curechildren’sphysicaldisabilitiesB.developchildren’sinterestinlearningC.treatchildren’scommunicationdisorderD.promotechildren’srelationshipwithanimals25.Besidesofferinglessons,theVictoriaAcresEquineFacilityalsovalues.A.thestateofanimalsonthefarmB.thetrainingoftheworkingstaffC.thebuild-upofchildren’scharacterD.thefeedbackofthetrainedchildren26.Howdidthechildrenfeelwhiletheywereonhorseback?A.Afraidbutproud. B.Relaxedandconfident.C.Nervousbuthappy. D.Calmandconcentrated.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Freedomisthekeytoself-confidence.B.Loveistogrowthwhatwateristoseeds.C.Passionisthegreatestmentorworldwide.D.Diligenceandperseveranceleadtosuccess.【答案】24.C25.A26.B27.B【解析】【导语】本文是新闻报道。本文介绍了纽约学校与Guilderland的VictoriaAcresEquineFacility合作，为残疾人提供治疗性骑马项目。这个活动让患有自闭症的Maliah能够在传统教室之外的学习环境中与他人建立联系并享受学习，体现了人们对自闭症儿童的关爱。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“SpecialeducationteacherMorganGrimmsaidtheactivity,whichtakesplacetwiceaweek,hasallowedMaliah,whohasautism,toconnectwithothersandenjoyalearningenvironmentoutsideofatraditionalclassroom.(特殊教育老师摩根·格里姆说，这项活动每周进行两次，让患有自闭症的玛利亚与他人交流，享受传统课堂之外的学习环境。)”可知，这项活动是为了治疗自闭儿童的沟通障碍。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第七段“Despitethebusyschedule,thefarmpaysextraattentiontothehealthandwell-beingofitseighttherapyhorses,ensuringeachanimalparticipatesinamaximumofthreehalf-hoursessionseachday.(尽管日程繁忙，农场还是格外关注八匹治疗马的健康和幸福，确保每匹马每天最多参加三次半小时的治疗。)可知，除了提供课程，VictoriaAcresEquineFacility也重视农场动物的状态。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Hisfeetbarelyreachthestirrups,buthelooksateaseandconfidentasherocksbackandforthatopthegentlegiant.(他的脚勉强够到马镫，但当他在温柔的巨人身上来回摇摆时，他看起来很轻松，很自信。)可知，孩子们在马背上时很轻松、很自信。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“TheweeklyactivitycomesthroughapartnershipwithVictoriaAcresEquineFacilityinGuilderland,whichoffersatherapeuticridingprogramtoempowerindividualswithdisabilities.(每周的活动是通过与吉尔德兰的VictoriaAcresEquineFacility合作，它为残疾人提供治疗性骑马项目。)”以及全文内容可知，本文介绍了纽约学校与Guilderland的VictoriaAcresEquineFacility合作，为残疾人提供治疗性骑马项目。这个活动让患有自闭症的Maliah能够在传统教室之外的学习环境中与他人建立联系并享受学习，体现了人们对自闭症儿童的关爱。因此推断文章体现了B项Loveistogrowthwhatwateristoseeds.(爱之于成长，犹如水之于种子)符合主旨。故选B。CResearchfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniahasshownthatsocialmediausersarelikelytosharepoststhatcontaininformationthattheyfeelisrelevanttothemselvesortothepeopletheyknow.Inotherwords,peoplesharepoststhattheybelievetohavevalue—eithertothemselvesortotheirrelationshipswithothers.Anewstudyhasfoundthatmerelyencouragingpeopletoconsiderthevalueledtoincreasedactivityintheareasofthebrainassociatedwithsharingdecisionsandincreasedaperson’smotivationtoshareanarticle.“Alotofpriorresearchonwhatmakespostsgoviralhasfocusedonidentifyingthecharacteristicsofmessagesthataresharedoftenornotsharedoften,”saysleadauthorChristinScholz.“We’relookingattheneuralmechanismsofsharingdecisions.Targetingthosemechanismscouldbeawaytoencouragethespreadofhigh-qualityhealthinformation.”Duringthestudy,ledbyseniorauthorEmilyFalk,participantswereinstructedtoconsidersharingarticlesabouthealthylivingfromTheNewYorkTimeswhiletheirbrainactivitywasmeasuredbyfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI).InsidethefMRIscanner,participantswereaskedtothinkaboutsharinganarticlewithaspecificgoalinmind:toeither“helpsomebody”(usethearticletorelatepositivelytoothers)orto“describeyourself”(usethearticletopresentyourselfpositivelytoothers).Asacontrol,participantswereassignedtheneutral“tospreadinformation”goal.“Inallareasoflife,peoplewanttopresentthemselvesinapositivelightortorelatepositivelytoothers,”Scholzsays.“Ourmethodencouragespeopletoidentifywaysinwhichtheycanfulfillthesemotivesthroughthesharingofhealtharticles.Iftheyaresuccessful,theyshouldbemorelikelytodecidetosharethearticle.”Afterreadingtheheadlineandsummaryofahealth-relatedarticle,participantswereaskedtoconsiderwhattheymightsayorwritetoanotherstudyparticipantiftheyweretosharethearticlewiththem,keepinginmindtheirassignedgoal.Finally,participantsratedtheirlikelihoodtosharethearticleinreallife.Thinkingaboutsharingintermsofhowitmighthelpsomeoneelsenotonlyincreasedactivationinbrainregionsassociatedwithself-relatedthinking,value-relatedthinking,andsocial-relatedthinking(particularlymentalizing—theactofimaginingwhatothersarethinking),butalsoincreasedaperson’sself-reportedwillingnesstoshareanarticle.“Ithinkwe’reonlyscratchingthesurfaceintermsofhowyoucouldencouragepeopletosharehigh-qualityhealthinformation,”Scholzsays.“Ahealthcommunicatormightwanttofocusonbeingaccurateandclearandnothavetoworryaboutwhethertheircontentisemotionaltogetclicks.We’retryingtofindwaystofocusonthewould-besharer,tohelpthemfindpersonalmeaninginsharingcontentthatcanbenefitothersandsociety.”28.ThepurposeofChristinScholz’sstudyisto.A.makeherpostsgoviralontheInternetB.encouragethespreadofhealthinformationC.identifythecharacteristicsofsharedmessagesD.findoutwhypeopledecidetoshareinformation29.Accordingtothepassage,whichismorelikelytobeshared?A.Anarticlethatisaccurateandorganized.B.Anarticlecontainsinformationaboutbrains.C.Anarticlethatmightbeusefulforsomefriends.D.Anarticlethatcontainsdebate-triggeringinformation.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?AMostpeopletendtosharepostswhentheyareaskedto.B.Peoplesharehealthyinformationtobuildpositiveself-images.C.Researcherswellunderstandhowtoencourageinformationsharing.D.Decidingwhethertoshareapostornotaffectstheactivationinsideourbrain.【答案】28.D29.C30.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。短文主要讲述了社交媒体用户分享帖子的动机和决策机制。研究发现，人们分享帖子是因为他们认为这些帖子对自己或与他人的关系有价值。研究还发现，鼓励人们考虑帖子的价值会增加与分享决策相关的大脑活动，并增加分享文章的动机。人们可以更好地理解分享决策的神经机制，并通过针对这些机制来鼓励传播高质量的健康信息。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的““Alotofpriorresearchonwhatmakespostsgoviralhasfocusedonidentifyingthecharacteristicsofmessagesthataresharedoftenornotsharedoften,”saysleadauthorChristinScholz.We’relookingattheneuralmechanismsofsharingdecisions.Targetingthosemechanismscouldbeawaytoencouragethespreadofhigh-qualityhealthinformation.(该研究的主要作者克里斯汀·肖尔茨说:“之前很多关于帖子走红的原因的研究都集中在确定经常被分享或不经常被分享的信息的特征上。我们正在研究共享决策的神经机制。以这些机制为目标可能是鼓励传播高质量卫生信息的一种方式。”)”可知，ChristinScholz的研究正在研究共享信息的神经机制，目的是为了找出人们决定分享信息的原因。故选D。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ResearchfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniahasshownthatsocialmediausersarelikelytosharepoststhatcontaininformationthattheyfeelisrelevanttothemselvesortothepeopletheyknow.Inotherwords,peoplesharepoststhattheybelievetohavevalue—eithertothemselvesortotheirrelationshipswithothers.(宾夕法尼亚大学的研究表明，社交媒体用户可能会分享他们认为与自己或认识的人相关的信息。换句话说，人们分享他们认为有价值的帖子，无论是对他们自己还是对他们与他人的关系。)”可知，人们分享与自己或认识的人的有关的信息。因此推断一篇可能对朋友有用的文章，是最有可能被分享的。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thinkingaboutsharingintermsofhowitmighthelpsomeoneelsenotonlyincreasedactivationinbrainregionsassociatedwithself-relatedthinking,value-relatedthinking,andsocial-relatedthinking(particularlymentalizing—theactofimaginingwhatothersarethinking)，butalsoincreasedaperson’sself-reportedwillingnesstoshareanarticle.(从分享如何帮助他人的角度来思考，不仅会增加大脑中与自我相关思维、价值相关思维和社会相关思维(尤其是精神化——想象别人在想什么的行为)相关区域的激活，而且还会增加一个人自我报告的分享文章的意愿。)可知，决定是否分享帖子会影响我们大脑内部的活动。故选D。DInourinformation-drivensociety,shapingourworldviewthroughthemediaissimilartoforminganopinionaboutsomeonesolelybasedonapictureoftheirfoot.Whilethemediamightnotdeliberatelydeceiveus,itoftenfailstoprovideacomprehensiveviewofreality.Consequently,thequestionarises:Where,then,shallwegetourinformationfromifnotfromthemedia?Whocanwetrust?Howaboutexperts—peoplewhodevotetheirworkinglivestounderstandingtheirchosensliceoftheworld?However,evenexpertscanfallpreytotheallureofoversimplification,leadingtothe“singleperspectiveinstinct”thathampers(阻碍)ourabilitytograsptheintricaciesoftheworld.Simpleideascanbeappealingbecausetheyofferasenseofunderstandingandcertainty.Anditiseasytotakeoffdownaslipperyslope,fromoneattention-grabbingsimpleideatoafeelingthatthisideabeautifullyexplains,oristhebeautifulsolutionfor,lotsofotherthings.Theworldbecomessimplethatway.Yet,whenweembraceasingularcauseorsolutionforallproblems,weriskoversimplifyingcomplexissues.Forinstance,championingtheconceptofequalitymayleadustoviewallproblemsthroughthelensofinequalityandseeresourcedistributionasthesolepanacea.However,suchrigiditypreventsusfromseeingthemultidimensionalnatureofchallengesandhinderstruecomprehensionofreality.This“singleperspectiveinstinct”ultimatelycloudsourjudgmentandrestrictsourcapacitytotacklecomplexissueseffectively.Itsavesalotoftimetothinklikethis.Youcanhaveopinionsandanswerswithouthavingtolearnaboutaproblemfromscratchandyoucangetonwithusingyourbrainforothertasks.Butit’snotsousefulifyouliketounderstandtheworld.Beingalwaysinfavoroforalwaysagainstanyparticularideamakesyoublindtoinformationthatdoesn’tfityourperspective.Thisisusuallyabadapproachifyouwouldliketounderstandreality.Instead,constantlytestyourfavoriteideasforweaknesses.Behumbleabouttheextentofyourexpertise.Becuriousaboutnewinformationthatdoesn’tfit,andinformationfromotherfields.Andratherthantalkingonlytopeoplewhoagreewithyou,orcollectingexamplesthatfityourideas,consultpeoplewhocontradictyou,disagreewithyou,andputforwarddifferentideasasagreatresourceforunderstandingtheworld.Ihavebeenwrongabouttheworldsomanytimes.Sometimes,comingupagainstrealityiswhathelpsmeseemymistakes,butoftenitistalkingto,andtryingtounderstand,someonewithdifferentideas.Ifthismeansyoudon’thavetimetoformsomanyopinions,sowhat?Wouldn’tyouratherhavefewopinionsthatarerightthanmanythatarewrong?31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“allure”inPara.2probablymean?A.Temptation. B.Tradition. C.Convenience. D.Consequence.32.Whyaresimpleideasappealingaccordingtothepassage?A.Theymeetpeople’sdemandforhighefficiency.B.Theygenerateasenseofcompleteunderstanding.C.Theyareraisedandsupportedbymultipleexperts.D.Theyreflecttheopinionsoflike-mindedindividuals.33.Whatwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Simplifyingmattersreleasesenergyforhumanbrains.B.Constanttestsonourideashelpmakeupforourweakness.C.Awell-foundedopinioncountsmorethanmanyshallowones.D.Peoplewhodisagreewithusoftenhavecomprehensiveviews.34.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.EmbracingDisagreement:RefusingOvercomplexityB.SimplifyingInformation:EnhancingComprehensionC.UnderstandingDifferences:EstablishingRelationshipsD.NavigatingComplexity:ChallengingOversimplification【答案】31.A32.B33.C34.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。短文主要讲述了在信息驱动的社会中，塑造我们的世界观经常无法提供全面的现实视角。简单的想法可能很吸引人，但是我们会冒着过度简化复杂问题的风险，最终会影响我们的判断力，限制我们有效解决复杂问题的能力。我们应该与持有不同观点的人交谈并试图理解他们的观点，形成正确的观点。【31题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“However,evenexpertscanfallpreytotheallureofoversimplification,leadingtothe“singleperspectiveinstinct”thathampers(阻碍)ourabilitytograsptheintricaciesoftheworld.(然而，即使是专家也会受到过度简化的allure，导致“单一视角本能”，阻碍我们掌握世界的复杂性。)”可知，导致了单一视觉，不能掌握世界的复杂性，因此推断受到了过度简化的诱惑，allure在这里指的是“诱惑”。故选A。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Simpleideascanbeappealingbecausetheyofferasenseofunderstandingandcertainty.(简单的想法可能很有吸引力，因为它们提供了一种理解和确定性。)”可知，简单的想法具有吸引力是因为它们产生一种完全理解的感觉。故选B。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Instead,constantlytestyourfavoriteideasforweaknesses.Behumbleabouttheextentofyourexpertise.Becuriousaboutnewinformationthatdoesn’tfit,andinformationfromotherfields.Andratherthantalkingonlytopeoplewhoagreewithyou,orcollectingexamplesthatfityourideas,consultpeoplewhocontradictyou,disagreewithyou,andputforwarddifferentideasasagreatresourceforunderstandingtheworld.(相反，要不断测试你最喜欢的想法的弱点。对自己的专业知识要谦虚。对不合适的新信息和来自其他领域的信息保持好奇。而不是只与那些同意你的人交谈，或者收集符合你想法的例子，咨询那些反驳你、不同意你的人，并提出不同想法的人，作为理解世界的重要资源。)”可推断，作者认为要不断测试自己的想法，要谦虚，要保持好奇，不要只是与同意自己观点的人交谈，要与那些与持有与自己不同观点的人交流，接受不同的观点，作为理解世界的重要资源。因此推断作者认为有充分根据的观点比许多肤浅的观点更重要。故选C。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“Inour