弗朗西斯-培根英文赏析

FrancisBacon

(1561-1626)

(弗朗西斯·培根

)Birth:January22,1561(YorkHouse,London)Death:April9,1626(Highgate)2023最新整理收集do

somethingFrancisBacon1.Thewisest,brightest,andmeanestofmankind.3.TheguidingspiritinColonizationSchemes(开拓殖民地策划)in1610.2.Themostpowerfulmindofmoderntimes.ComplimentCambridgetrinitycollege(1573)introductionFrancisBacon（1561－1626）wasthefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy（唯物主义哲学）。HewasbornintothefamilyofSirNicholasBacon，keeperofthePrivySeal（御玺）toQueenElizabeth.TheboyearlywonthefavoroftheQueen.HewenttoCambridgeattwelveandaftergraduatingatsixteen，tookuplaw.Hesoonbecameoneofthemostsuccessfullawyersofthetime.Attwenty-threehebecameamemberoftheHouseofCommons（下议院）andhisjudgmentandeloquence（口才）madehimfamous.WhenJamesIcametoEngland，BaconobtainedoneimportantofficeafteranotheruntilhebecamelordChancellor（大法官）andwasmadeapeer（nobleman）in1618.Hewasanadmirablejudge，butinthecourseofrisinghehadmadeenemieswhochargedhimwithbribery（受贿）。Hewasconvicted（判罪）deprived（免去）ofhisoffice，finedandbanished（流放）fromLondonin1621.Fiveyearslater，hediedindisgrace（耻辱）。Career1587:BeelectedtoParliament1618：BecamelordHighChancellor1620：

WonthetitlesofBaronVerulamandViscountStAlbans

1621：Bechargedwithbriberyandbetrayal(出卖)ofjusticeThelistofworksLiteraryworks:Essays《论说文集》(1597-1625)--Includes"Adversity","Anger","Athiesm","Boldness","Cunning","Death","Discourse","DissimulationandSimulation","Empire","Envy","Goodness","GreatPlace","HonorandReputation","Love","Nobility","Revenge","SeemingWise","Superstition","Truth","UnityinReligion","VicissitudeofThings",and"WisdomforaMan'sSelf".Thephilosophicalworks:AdvancementofLearning《学术的推进》(1605)

NovumOrganum《新工具论》（1620）

NewAtlantis《新大西岛》(1624-1626)MaximsoftheLawandReadingontheStatuteofUsesMajorWorksTheHistoryoftheReignofKingHenrytheSeventh(《亨利七世本纪》)andTheHistoryoftheReignofKingHenrytheEighth(《亨利八世本纪》).DeAugmentisScientiarum（《论学术的进展》）TheNewAtlantis（《新西特兰提斯岛》）Thefinal1625editionofhisEssayes（《论说随笔文集》）.Essay:ADefinitionItisarelativelyshortliterarycompositioninprose,inwhichawriterdiscussesatopic,usuallyrestrictedinscope,ortriestopersuadethereadertoacceptaparticularpointofview.thetermessaywasfirstappliedtotheformin1580byMontaigne,oneofthegreatestessayistsofalltime,tohispiecesonfriendship,love,death,andmorality.InEnglandthetermwasinaugurated（开始）

in1597byFrancisBacon,whowroteshrewd（机灵的）

meditations（沉思录）

oncivilandmoralwisdom.Bacon’sEssaysHisEssaysisthefirstexampleofthatgenreinEnglishliterature,whichhasbeenrecognizedasanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose.Bacon’sessaysarefamousfortheirbrevity,compactnessandpowerfulness.Andtheneatness,thepreciseness,thegravity,andtheweightinessaretheessentialqualitiesofhiswritings.Balanceandoppositionarethemostcommonstrategiesheusestoachieveboththeappearanceofbalanceandtheconcealment（隐藏）

ofhisownopinionsunderthecloak（掩饰）oftheopposingalternatives.

FeaturesofBacon’sessays1.Thelanguageisveryneat,prettyandweighty.2.Thesentencesareveryshort.Baconalsolikestousemoreco-ordinateconjunctionsthanthesubordinatedones,suchas“as,since,because”.3.Parallelism（并行论）,epigrams(警句),metaphor（隐喻）

andsimile4.Bacon’sessaysarefamousfortheirbrevity（简洁）,compactness（紧密）

andpowerfulness.MottosbyBacon1.Beautyisassummerfruits,whichareeasytocorrupt,andcannotlast;andforthemostpartitmakesadissoluteyouth,andanagealittleoutofcountenance.

美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的，世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。2.Itisimpossibletoloveandbewise.

要恋爱而又要理智是不可能的。MottosbyBacon3.Thereisnomanthatimparthisjoystohisfriends,butthathejoysthemore;andnomanthatimparthisgriefstohisfriends,buthegriefstheless.

与友分享欢乐者,无不欢乐倍增;与友分担哀伤者,无不哀伤减半

4.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtitle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend

.

读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格MottosbyBacon5.Wivesareyoungmen’smistresses,companion’sformiddleage,andoldmen’snurses.妻子是年轻时的情人，中年时的伴侣，老年时的陪护。6.Livetolearn,notlearntolive.活着就要学习，学习不是为了活着。3.Alwayswritingdownthesimplythingthatinterestedhimself.

Styleofwriting:1.Mainlypreaching（告诫）

areorientation（重定方向）

tolearning,providinganewdirection,organizationandmethodforthebusinessofacquiringknowledgeabouttheworld.2.Tendingtoexpressanabstractideainthecommonest,objectsofthesightandexperience.1.FrancisBaconwasanEnglishphilosopher,scientist,statesman,lawyer,juristandauthor.2.Throughhisworks,hehadgreateffectsinpolitics,especiallyinthefieldofphilosophyandscientificrevolution.3.Alsohavingeffectsonavarietyofreligiousandspiritualauthors.Influence:Bacon’sImportancetoLiterature1st,hewasthefirstEnglishwritertopayattentiontotheaudiencetowhomhewaswriting.2nd,hewrotethegreatesttractsoneducationint