2024年1月浙江高考阅读理解D篇深度解读全套

2024年1月浙江高考阅读理解D篇深度解读全套DTheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(诱惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轰炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.32.WhatdidthechildrenneedtodotogetasecondtreatinMischel’stest?A.Takeanexaminationalone.B.Showrespectfortheresearchers.C.Sharetheirtreatswithothers.D.Delayeatingforfifteenminutes.33.Accordingtoparagraph3,thereisamismatchbetween______.A.thecalorie-poorworldandourgoodappetitesB.theshortageofsugarandournutritionalneedsC.therichfoodsupplyandourunchangedbrainsD.thetemptingfoodsandoureffortstokeepfit34.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdo?A.Absorbnewinformationreadily.B.Beselectiveinformationconsumers.C.Usediverseinformationsources.D.Protecttheinformationenvironment.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EatLess,ReadMoreB.TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumansC.TheLater,theBetterD.TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups参考答案：DCBD文章主旨：本文是一篇议论文。通过介绍20世纪60年代一项针对孩子的棉花糖实验引出现成年人每天所面临的“棉花糖实验”---电子产品的大量信息的诱惑。成年人需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。答案详解：32.D。事实细节题。根据题干中的Mischel’stest，可以把关键信息定位在第一段。根据本段中Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。D.Delayeatingforfifteenminutes推迟15分钟进食,因此应选D。其它选项含义：A.Takeanexaminationalone.独自参加考试。B.Showrespectfortheresearchers.尊重研究人员。C.Sharetheirtreatswithothers.与他人分享他们的食物。33.C。推理判断题。题干含义：Accordingtoparagraph3,thereisamismatchbetween根据第3段，两者之间存在不匹配的是。根据第三段中的Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，可知，存在的不匹配是：现在我们获取卡路里所需付出的成本和努力大幅降低，但是我们几千年前已形成的大脑机制并没有改变。C项中的richfoodsupply同义转述原文中的dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories以及ourunchangedbrains同义转述原文中的westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago。因此应选C。其它选项含义：A.thecalorie-poorworldandourgoodappetites卡路里匮乏的世界和我们的好胃口B.theshortageofsugarandournutritionalneeds糖的短缺和我们的营养需求D.thetemptingfoodsandoureffortstokeepfit诱人的食物和我们为保持健康所做的努力34.B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。B.Beselectiveinformationconsumers.做有选择性的信息消费者。符合题意，因此应选B。其它选项含义：A.Absorbnewinformationreadily.容易吸收新信息。C.Usediverseinformationsources.使用多样化的信息源。D.Protecttheinformationenvironment.保护信息环境。35.D。主旨大意题。本文第一段先是通过介绍20世纪60年代一项针对孩子的棉花糖实验，第二段引出现成年人每天所面临的“棉花糖实验”---电子产品的大量信息的诱惑。第三段关于其产生的原因，第四段建议成年人更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。D.TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups成人棉花糖测试，符合题意，因此应选D。其它选项含义：A.EatLess,ReadMore少吃多读B.TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumans关于早期人类的痛苦真相C.TheLater,theBetter越晚越好重难点词汇：originallyadv起初地conductv实施，进行psychologistn心理学家treatn款待follow-upadj进一步的obtainv获得versionn版本tabletn平板电脑deliveryn传送preschoolern学龄前儿童rewardn奖励ancestorn祖先dramaticallyadv显著地calorien卡路里mismatchn不匹配resistv抵挡formativeadj有重大影响的mechanismn机制reshapev改造prizev高度重视connectivityn连接resistv抵制ceaselesslyadv不停地thoughtfuladj深思熟虑的consumptionn消耗，消费mentaladj精神的effectivelyadv有效地shortagen不足nutritionaladj营养的unchangedadj不变的readilyadv欣然地selectiveadj有选择的重难点词块：nurseryschool幼儿园sugarytreat甜食attheheartofsth在…的中心beinvolvedin牵涉，涉及struggletodosth努力艰难地做某事atwork起作用responsetosth对…的回应