Unit+4+Breaking+boundaries+Period+2+Grammar 高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit4Period2Grammar课堂学习Itasanemptysubject1Lookatthesentencesandanswerthequestions.Sentences(a)and(c)arefromthereadingpassage.aButitisvitalnottotakeanychances.bButnottotakeanychancesisvital.cItisimportanttorememberthatEboladoesn’trespectnationalboundaries.dTorememberthatEboladoesn’trespectnationalboundariesisimportant.1Whatdoes“it”refertointhesentences(a)and(c)?2Whatisthedifferencebetweenthesentencesineachgroup?Whydoestheauthorchoosetousesentences(a)and(c)insteadof(b)and(d)?Itrefersto“nottotakeanychances”insentence(a)and“torememberthatEboladoesn’trespectnationalboundaries”insentence(c).Thefirstsentencesineachgroupuse“it”asanemptysubjectatthebeginningofthesentences.Thereasonwhysentences(a)and(c)arechosenisthatthesentencesarekeptbalancedandthekeyinformationofthesentencesisemphasised.Nowlookformoresentenceswiththisstructureinthereadingpassage,andsummariseitsusesinyourownwords.(1)WhenIsawthetragicscenesonthenews,Ifeltitwasmydutyasadoctortogothereandoffermyhelp.(2)ItissoinspiringtohavecolleagueslikeWilton,MaisyandAlfonso,nottomentionalltheothersIhaveworkedwith.(3)Inaworldstillfacingsomanyproblems,itisabsolutelyessentialforusalltocollaboratetocreateaglobalcommunitywithasharedfutureofpeaceandprosperity.【语法讲解】it作为形式主语的用法：it作为形式主语，所代替的是句子的逻辑主语，并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构平衡，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。it作为形式主语的三种情况：一是代表不定式，根据句子的谓语又可以分为四种类型：（1）“be+形容词+不定式”。

e.g.Itisdifficulttotranslatethebook.翻译这本书很难。（2）“be+名词＋不定式”。

e.g.Itwasherdutytocleantheroom.打扫房间是她的职责。（3）“be+介词短语+不定式”。

e.g.Itwasagainstmyprincipletodothat.做那件事违反了我的原则。（4）“及物动词＋宾语+不定式”。

e.g.Itcost150yuantobuythedress.买这件衣服花了150元。二是代表动名词，（1）一般以“be+名词”作谓语。e.g.Itisnousedoingthat.做那件事没有用。（2）也可以以“be+形容词”作谓语。e.g.It'spleasantsittinghere.在这里坐着很愉快。三是代表从句，具体又可以分为四种类型：（1）“it+be+形容词+从句”。e.g.Itisnaturalthatsheknowseverythingaboutit.她对这件事了如指掌，这是很自然的。（2）“it+be+名词+从句”。e.g.Itisaquestionhowhedidit.问题是他是怎么做到的。（3）“it+动词的被动语态+从句”。e.g.Itisnotdecidedwhowilltakeoverthecompany.谁将接管这家公司还没有决定。（4）“it+be/其他系动词+that从句”。e.g.Itmaybe/seemsthatheviewstheissuefromadifferentperspective.他可能/似乎从不同的角度看待这个问题。it作为形式主语时的一些常见句型：1）Itisclear/obvious/true/possible/certain/...that...

e.g.Itisobviousthathe'slate.很明显他迟到了。2）Itisimportant/necessary/right/strange/natural/...that...(should)do...

e.g.Itisnecessarythatyoudoenoughexercisesbeforetherace.你在比赛前做足够的运动是有必要的。3）Itissaid/reported/learnt/...that...

e.g.Itisreportedthataseven-year-oldgirlwonthegame.据报道，一个七岁的女孩赢了比赛。4）Itissuggested/ordered/required/...that...(should)do...

e.g.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.人们建议推迟会议。5）Itisapity/shame/...that...

e.g.Itisapitythatyoudidn'tseesuchagoodfilm.真可惜你没看到这么好的电影。6）Ithappens/seems/looks/appears/...that...

e.g.IthappensthatIknowhim.碰巧我认识他。7）Itdoesn'tmatterwhether/if...

e.g.Itdoesn'tmatterifyoumissthebus,becausethere'sanotherone15minuteslater.你错过了这趟公交车也没关系，15分钟后还有一趟。8）Itlooks/seemsasif...

e.g.Itlooksasifheiswrong.看起来像是他错了。9）Ittakes...(sometime)todo...

e.g.Ittookusthreehourstogetthere.去那里要花费我们三个小时。10）Itis+形容词+(ofsb.)+todo...

e.g.Itiskindofyoutothinksomuchofus.你为我们考虑那么多，你真是太好了。2Rewritetheunderlinedpartsusingitasanemptysubject.Accordingtothe“2017HollywoodDiversityReport”,togetrolesinAmericanfilmandtelevisionisnolongerquitesodifficultforwomenandminorities.Thisisanothersmallbutimportantadvanceagainstgenderandracialdiscrimination.Thereportanalysed200filmsreleasedin2015and1,206TVshowsfrom2014to2015,anddiscoveredthattobecomealeadingactorinHollywoodisnowamorerealistichopeforminorityactors.Inmoregoodnews,towriteanddirectHollywoodfilmsismorecommonthanbeforeforwomen.Thebadnewsisthatthereisstillalongwaytogo.Leadingrolesaremorelikelytobegiventowhiteactors.AsianAmericanactors,inparticular,stillfaceproblems.Evennow,tocastwhiteactorsasAsiancharactersisseenasacceptablebyfilmstudios.Butatleastthereportshowsthatthingsaremovingslowlyintherightdirection.Answers:1ItisnolongerquitesodifficultforwomenandminoritiestogetrolesinAmericanfilmandtelevision.2ItisnowamorerealistichopeforminorityactorstobecomealeadingactorinHollywood.3ItismorecommonthanbeforeforwomentowriteanddirectHollywoodfilms.4ItisseenasacceptablebyfilmstudiostocastwhiteactorsasAsiancharacters.

3Describethecityusingtheinformationprovidedanditasanemptysubject.Beijing •notasurprisingthing/students

seedifferentskincoloursinthe

sameclass•possible/peoplehearmany

differentlanguagesanddialects•easy/peoplefindproductsfrom

allovertheworld•notdifficult/foreignerssettle

downandfindajob•acommonthing/peoplefrom

differentcountriesworkinthe

samecompanyBeijingtodayismulticultural.Itisnotasurprisingthingforstudentstosee...Sample:Beijingtodayismulticultural.Itisnotasurprisingthingforstudentstoseedifferentskincoloursinthesameclass.Itispossibleforpeopletohearmanydifferentlanguagesanddialects.Itiseasyforpeopletofindproductsfromallovertheworld.Itisnotdifficultforforeignerstosettledownandfindajob.Iti