英语语法-主谓一致

主谓一致

subject-verbagreementDefinition定义英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据4项原则：

1）语法一致2）意义一致3）就近一致4）就远一致语法一致就近原则意义一致就远原则“主语+附属结构”作主语谓语与主语一致主语是单数形式，谓语用单数主语是复数形式，谓语用复数主语形单意复，谓语用复数主语形复意单，谓语用单数谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近他的主语。语法一致

主语复－－谓语复;主语单谓语单1．常见复数形式名词：（1）Trousers、scissors(剪刀)、clothes、goods(货物)、glasses、shoes、chopsticks(筷子)等做主语时（2）akindof/apairof/aseriesof修饰上面名词时———谓语动词用复数———谓语动词用单数·Thescissorsonthedesk________(be)LiHua's.·LiHuaboughtapairofshoeswhich_______(be)senttohismother.主语复－－谓语复;主语单谓语单２.the+形容词——表示一类人时；———谓语动词用复数Thepoor_____(be)tobehelped.Thewounded

______(be)beingtakengoodcareof.Chinese______(be)difficulttolearn.TheChinese

_______(be)veryhard-working.主语复－－谓语复;主语单谓语单

3.

不定式，动名词或从句做主语时.———谓语动词用单数Seeing

_______(be)believing.Tosee

_______(be)tobelieve.Whetherwe’llgo_________(depend)ontheweather.主语复－－谓语复;主语单谓语单some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词做主语———谓语动词用单数Something____(has/have)happened.Anybodywho_______(break/breaks)therulewillbepunished.主语复－－谓语复;主语单谓语单5.twentypercent,therest,twothirds/half+of单名（代）+单动

all,apart,some

复名（代）+复动

most,alot,lotsplenty,partTenpercentofthepupils_____absenttoday.Three-fourthsofthesurface

oftheearth____sea.areis主语复－－谓语复;主语单谓语单6.every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...在以上短语中用and连接的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时:

Eachmanandeach

womanisaskedtoattend.———谓语动词用单数Everyboyandeverygirlintheclass_______(be)diligent.Nosoundandnovoice_______(be)heard.主语复－－谓语复;主语单谓语单7.manya,morethanone,oneandahalf与单数名词组成的短语

Manyaboy

hasseenit.

许多孩子都看到了。———谓语动词用单数主语复－－谓语复;主语单谓语单8.and连结的主语：①表示同一人/物时(此时and无冠词)

②表示不同的人/物时(此时and有冠词)

———谓语动词用单数———谓语动词用复数Theworkerandwriter____(be)fromWuhan.那个工人兼作家Theworkerandthewriter_____(be)fromBeijing.那位工人和那位作家

isare主语复－－谓语复;主语单谓语单———谓语动词用单数A.表整体概念的并列结构：

breadandbutter黄油面包

ironandsteel钢铁

B.配套事物：

awatchandchain一个手表

aneedleandthread一套针线aknifeandfork一副刀叉

主语复－－谓语复;主语单谓语单Aknifeandfork___usedtohavemeals.is（and后无冠词）指一副刀叉（and

后无冠词）指同一个人Thesingeranddancer____onthestage.is主语复－－谓语复;主语单谓语单———谓语动词用单数9.表示时间，数目，距离，价格，度量衡等名词的复数作主语，并作为整体看待时1)Fourhours______enoughtodotheexperiment.2)Tendollars______toomuchtopayforthatshirt.3)Thirtyfeet_______longenough.主语复－－谓语复;主语单谓语单10.算术中的动词单复数都可以,多用单数。Twoandtwomakes/makefour.Threetimesthreeisnine.oneandahalf做主语时，谓语动词用做单数。Oneandahalfyearshaspassed.Oneandahalfappleshasrottedaway.1．常见复数形式名词：（1）Trousers、scissors、clothes、goods、glasses、chopsticks——复数（2）akindof/apairof/aseriesof——单数2.the+形容词——复数3.不定式，动名词或从句——单数4.some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词——单数5.twentypercent/therest/twothirds/half/all/apart/some/most/alot/lots/plenty/part+of+名词——看名词单复数

6.every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...——单数7.manya,morethanone,oneandahalf+单数名词——单数8.and连结的主语：①表示同一人/物时(此时and无冠词)；②表示不同的人/物时(此时and有冠词)9.表示时间，数目，距离，价格，度量衡——单数。10.oneandahalf——单数。意义一致主形单意复，谓语复；主形复意单，谓语单1.一些集体名词做主语

如果看作一个整体，谓单

如果指其中的成员，谓复这类词常有class、family、group、team、company、crowd、enemy、government、party、public、club等。Hisfamilyisverylarge.

他家是一个大家庭。Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.

他的家人都是音乐爱好者。

主形单意复，谓语复；主形复意单，谓语单Hisfamily___allfootballfans.

A.isB.hasbeenC.arebeingD.areThegroup____madeupofninestudents.Thegroup____dancinghappily.isare主形单意复，谓语复；主形复意单，谓语单2.有些以-s结尾的名词虽形式是复数，但意义上是单数（形复意单）谓语用单这类词常有news、maths、physics、theUnitedStates、works等。①Everymeans______beentriedsincethen.②Nonews____goodnews.(is/are)③Maths/physics_____thesubjectthatIlikemost.(is/are)isishas主形单意复，谓语复；主形复意单，谓语单3.有些形式是单数（总称），但意义上是复数（形单意复）谓语用复数这类词常有cattle、people、police、crew等。①Thecattle______intheshed.②Thepolice____searchingforhim.(is/are)areare主形单意复，谓语复；主形复意单，谓语单4.单复数同形的名词，谓语动词应根据意义决定单复数这类词常有means、species、Chinese等。Everymeanshasbeentried.Allthemeanshavebeentried.主形单意复，谓语复；主形复意单，谓语单5.代词作主语Neitherdog_____big.(A.isB.are)Neitherofthem_____big.(A.isB.are)

ANeitheroftherabbits_____handsome..(A.isB.are)A/BNeitherrabbit_____handsome.(A.isB.are)AA/B＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿主形单意复，谓语复；主形复意单，谓语单neitherofnoneof+不可数名词+可数名词neither+单数名词谓语动词用单数或复数谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数就近原则谓语单复数取决于最靠近的主语

Aor

B

NotAbut

B

EitherAor

B

NeitherAnor

B

Not

onlyAbutalso

B

谓语就近原则Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheheadteacher_____(go)tohaveapicnicinthecentralpark.谓语单复数取决于最靠近的主语我们教室里有一台电视机和56张桌子.Thereare

56desksandonetelevisioninourclassroom.Thereis

onetelevisionand56desksinourclassroom.存在句:Therebe…….结构

HereThere+Verb

AandB

A,BandC谓语就近原则谓语单复数取决于最靠近的主语Notonlyyoubutalsohe____wrong.(is/are)There___twoshopsandacinemabesidetherailwaystation.(is/are)Here__amapandahandbookforyou.

(is/are)areisis就远原则陈述句中，“主语+附属结构”作主语,谓语与主语一致withtogetherwithA.+alongwith+B+V(谓语就远)but,unlikeexcept,includingbesides,aswellasMike,withhisfriends,isgoingtohaveatripnextmonth.迈克，和他朋友，打算下个月去旅游。“主语+附属结构”作主语,谓语与主语一致1.Theteacherwithtwostudents______atthemeeting.(was/were)2.E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,________animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play

wasA其他注意事项1.“anumberof+名词复数”

谓语复“thenumberof+名词”

谓语单Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.2.a(large)quantityof

+可数或不可数名词，谓语动用单数。

quantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词,谓语动词用复数。alargeamountof修饰不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;largeamountsof修饰不可数名词,谓语动词通常用复数。

Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.3.

oneof+复数名词+定语从句

the(only)oneof+复数名词+定语从句A.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____(be)awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.B.Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho____(be)wellpaidinthekindergarten.———谓语动词用复数———谓语动词用单数4.

主语从句后的谓语动词1.Whateverwasleft_____(be)takenaway.2.Whattheyneed_____(be)books.[温馨提示]what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。wasareExercise1.NeitherhenorIisastudentnow.2.Theteacherandwriterarerespectedbyallthepeople.3.AnnwithhersonandherdaughterwereinNewYorkin2004.4.Playingbasketballaregoodforyourhealth.5.Thepolicekeepsthecityingoodorder.单句改错am__is________wasis______keep1.Threeyears________(have)passedsincetheymetlasttime,andforthem,threeyears________(be)reallyalongtime.2.Myfamily________(be)thelargestoneinourvillage.Besides,myfamily________(be)allpartymembers.3.Thewholeclass________(be)nowlisteningtotheteacherattentively.4.Thenews________(be)veryexciting.用所给动词的适当形式填空5.Tolearnoneortwoforeignlanguages________(be)veryimportantnowadays.6.Thescientistandengineer________(have)inventedanewmachine.7.Alice,togetherwith