七剑合一沐综合写作

（1（1）constructwallsinGreat（2）electricalchargeddevicetoeliminateAsian.（3）教授说这种做法总来试过，unpredictableanddangerous.ThereadingpassageintroducesthreemethodstopreventtheAsiancarpfromenteringtheGreatLakesarea.However,thelecturepointstotheproblemsassociatedwitheachThefirstmethodistoconstructwallsintheGreatLakestoblockthepassageoftheAsiancarp.However,thelecturepointsoutthatthiswouldnegativelyinfluencetheshippingindustryintheareabecausecargoshipswouldalsobeblockedandhavetounloadthecargoatonesideofthewallandreloadthecargoattheotherside,significantlyincreasingcostoftransportation.ThesecondmethodistouseelectricaldevicestoeliminatetheAsiancarp.However,accordingtothelecture,thismethodwouldnotworksuccessfullybecausesmallfishcouldstillswimthroughthedevice,andcontinuetogrowandreproduceintheothersideofthelake.Thethirdmethodisatwo-stepapproachinvolvingthepoisoningoftheAsiancarpfirstandthentheintroductionofnewspecies.YetThethirdmethodisatwo-stepapproachinvolvingthepoisoningoftheAsiancarpfirstandthentheintroductionofnewspecies.Yettheprofessorarguesthatthismeasureistoodrasticandcouldhaveunpredictableresults.Thetoxicchemicalsreleasedwouldleadtochangesinthewholeecosystemthataredangeroustothefishpopulationinthearea.(1)(2)shelter(3)宗教用途。灵魂等候区（为死去的人提供场所，让他们等待超生(1)洞会漏雨水，储存食物不方便。在冬天Erdstall(3)宗教用途ThereadingpassageproposesthreehypothesesregardingthefunctionsoftheErdstall,anarrow,undergroundstructurebuiltin[nameofplacementionedinthereading].However,thelecturepointstotheweaknessofthethreeFirst,theErdstallcouldhavebeenusedtokeeplivestockortostorefood.However,thelecturerarguesthattheErdstallisnotrainwater-proof.Particularlyinthewinter,theErdstallcouldhavebeenflooded.Soitisnotanidealplacetostorefood.Furthermore,notracesofgrainhavebeenfoundintheErdstall.Therefore,thestoragehypothesisisSecond,theErdstallcouldbeashelteragainstattackorburglary.Thisisalsonotpossibleinthelecturer’sopinion,because,asheargues,theErdstallissosmallthatitcouldbarelyaccommodateonefamily,andtheoxygeninsidetheErdstallissufficienttosustainonlyoneperson.Anotherobviousweaknessofthisoneperson.AnotherobviousweaknessofthishypothesisisthattheErdstallhasonlyoneentrypointanddoesnothaveanexit,makingitunlikelytoserveasanescaperoute.Finally,itistheorizedthattheErdstallcouldhavereligiousfunctions,servingasachamberofsoulforthedeceased.Yetifthisweretrue,accordingtothelecture,theErdstallshouldhavebeenfoundineveryvillageacrossthewholeregionwhichsharesthesamereligion.Thefact,however,isthattheErdstallisonlypresentinsome,notall,ofthevillages.Sothereligionhypothesisisunconvincing,either.[1].Lionfishareknownforeatinganythingtheycanfitintheirmouths,andseemtoeatnearlyconstantly.DuringastudyofinvasivelionfishintheBahamas,onelionfishwasobservedtoeattwentysmallfishinthespaceofthirtyminutesandreducethejuvenilefishpopulationsgreatly.Fast-growingandcapableofreproducingyear-round,lionfisharealsoout-competingnativespeciesfishpopulationsgreatly.Fast-growingandcapableofreproducingyear-round,lionfisharealsoout-competingnativespeciesandspreadingmorequicklythananyonepredicted.Withtheirindiscriminanteatinghabits,lionfisheatoutotherspeciesinarapidspeed,whichpreventalgalovergrowthonreefsandthereforeahealthierreefenvironment.TheCaribbeanlionfishinvasioncouldbecomethemostdisastrousmarineinvasioninhistorybydrasticallydecreasingtheabundanceofcoralreeffishesthroughouttheentireregion.Thus,theyshouldbecaughtforthereasonofprotectingthecoralreef.[2].Onthesameline,sincelionfishdirectlyimpactpopulationsofnumerousfishandcrustaceanspecies,includingcommerciallyvaluablespecieslikesnappers,groupers,lobstersandsoon.Bycatchinglionfish,thereducednumberofthemwillallowotherfishes,especiallythefishforthelocalmarketpurposetorecoverandbouncebackin[3].Lionfishmakefordelicious,delicate,economicalfilletsthatofferaperfectpopofproteinandlowfatmeat.Therearenocatchlimits,andtheycanbeprepareddozensofways.Oncestrippedofitsvenomousspines,cleanedandfilletedlikeanyotherfish,thelionfishbecomesdelectableseafoodfare.Thisisagreatsourceofnutrientsforthelocalpeople.[1].Whenhumancapturingthelionfish,they‘alsocatchotherfishesatthesametime.Wherelionfishappears,therearemanyotherfishesaround.Besides,therearemanyrarefish,suchasspecieslikeparrotfish,whichcanpreventalgalovergrowthonreefsandorlobstersthatcatchstarfishforthewholesomenessofthereefenvironment.Thus,thismethodswillnotallowpeopletodistinguishwhichfishiswhichfishandwilleventuallyhurteverythinginthatarea.[2].Inthesecondplace,iflionfishisintroducedtothefishmarket,the"benefits"ofsellingsuchfishwillturnintotheprivatefishingfarmproblem.Inotherwords,fish-sellingpeoplewillartificiallypropagateorartificiallycultivatelionfish.Asweallknowthatfarmedfishmayescapethepen'snettingandthiswillcausemoreseriousinvasiveproblemtothelocalecosystem.[3].Thirdly,aftertestsofnearly200lionfishshowthatmorethanaquarterexceedfederallevelsforatoxinthatcannotonlycause-diarrhea,vomitingandfatigue-butalsoneurologicalproblemssuchaspainfullytinglinghandsandfeet,afeelingofhavinglooseteeth,and,oddestofall,areversedsenseoftemperature.Besides,wecannotexamineallthefishonebyone,sothisisnotasoundandsafeidea.4.(命中指数：5星)Rhone4.(命中指数：5星)Rhoneriver（2）雕塑特点和罗马铸币上西泽相似（thestyleof着它是不respect（3）NeptuneThelectureandthereadingpassagebothtalkaboutalife-sizemarblebust,foundduringanarchaeologicalexcavationandretrievedfromthebedoftheriverRhone.WhiletheauthorofthepassageattributesthisbusttoJuliusCaesar,thelecturerrefuteseachoftheargumentspresentedinthereading.First,thestyleoftheportraitcouldnotbeusedasevidencetoshowthatthisbustwasthatofJuliusCaesar.AlthoughthebustwasmadeinastyleverypopularduringCaesar’stime,thisstylecontinuedtobepopularmanyyearsafterCaesardied.Therefore,thisbustcouldverywellhavebeenmadeinamuchlatertimeforsomeoneotherthanCaesar.Second,thesimilaritiesbetweenthebustandtheportraitofCaesaronsilvercoinswereratherlimitedtothehaironly.Inotherfeaturessuchastheneckandthenose,therearemanyobviousdifferences.IfthebustwasCaesar’s,thenitshouldhavelookedthesameinallfeaturestootherportraitsofCaesar.Finally,thelocationwherethebustwasfoundcouldnotproveanything.ArchaeologicalstudyalsoexcavatedotheritemsfromtheFinally,thelocationwherethebustwasfoundcouldnotproveanything.ArchaeologicalstudyalsoexcavatedotheritemsfromthesameplaceincludingasculpturefortheGodofNeptune.Thisindicatesthatpeoplecouldhavethrownthingsintotheriverbecausetheyhavebecomeuselessratherthanbecauseofpoliticalreasons,aswhatthereading5.(命中指数：五星级)阅读:ToBuildCrossingsforwildlife的缺(1)动物不会用这些为他们建的crossings;theyarenottrainedtomakeuseof:(3)而且theareasaffectedbyroadorbyotherhumandevelopmentthathavealreadybeendamagedtoomuch.Notalongtermstrategy因栖息地都坏掉，不要(无法)crossings,(1)crossings，但是他们是可以学习的嘛，比如十(2)教授说不浪费钱啊，动物和人之间的collisions不仅对动物，对人类也造成了(3)Castingdoubtsontheissuewhetherornotwildlifecrossingsshouldbemadeforthegreatestbenefitsofhumanbeingsandwildlifecreatures,thespeakerholdsaperspectivecontrarytothereadingpassage.Thefirstpointisaboutwhethertheanimalscanusethecrossingsanditmeansthatifanimalsdonotknowhowtomakeuseofthecrossings,itisnotadvantageoustothebuildingplan;however,fromthebuildingplan;however,fromthelisteningpassage,itsaysthatanimalscanbetrainedtousetheman-madecrossings.Forexample,thebearandwolvescasesinthelisteningthattheycanmakeuseofthecrossingsaftercertaintime,suchasadecadeco-existingwiththecrossings.Thereadingpassageneverthelessholdsthatthosewildlifeanimalscannotusethecrossingsandthebuildingplanwillbeinvalid.Secondly,accordingtothespeaker,itisnotafinancialwasteforbuildingwildlifecrossings.Iftherearenocrossingsbuilt,thedamagecanbemadenotjusttoanimals,buttovehiclesandtohumans.Buildingwildlifecrossingsisconducivetomutualbenefits;thusitisnotwastingmoney.Thislikewiserefutestheauthorfromthepassageinthatbuildingwildlifecrossingsisatotalwasteofmoney;itwillnothelphumanstosavemoneyontheaccidents.Thirdly,thespeakerthinksthatbuildingwildlifecrossingscanactuallyhelpanimalsolvethefragmentationproblembycreatinglinksandbridgesthatovercomethemainbarrierssuchroadsandotherhumandevelopmentsothatanimalcanhavefullaccesstoalltheirterritories.Thiscanprovidethemmoreopportunitiestosurvive,thriveandgrowastheyhavemorechancestofindfoodandreproduce.Yet,thereadingindicatesitisbettertokeepwildlifeanimalsinreservedareaswheretheycanbetterbeprotected.Inshort,thepointsputforthaboutthewildlifecrossingsinthereadingandlisteningarecontradictory.6.(命中指数：五星级)T- TherehasbeensomecontroversyoverwhetherornotT.rexcouldrunfast.ThereadingpassageprovidesthreepiecesofevidencetoprovethatT.rexwasafastrunner.However,thelecturerarguesthatnoneoftheevidenceisconvincing.First,thereadingsuggeststhatT.rexmusthavebeenacapablerunnerbecauseitfedonherbivorousanimalwhichcouldrunveryfast.However,thelecturerarguesthatthismaynotserveasvalidproof,becauseT.rexhadveryacutesenseofsmellsotheycoulddetectandscavengeonthedeadbodiesofsmallanimalsinsteadofhavingtochasethem.Secondly,thereadingdrawscomparisonbetweenthelegbonesofT.rexandafastrunningtiger.Yetthelecturerrejectssuchcomparison.Hearguesthatinspiteofthesimilarity,thebonesofT.rexweretoofragiletosustainthehighpressurecausedbyhigh-speedrunning.Finally,fossilevidenceshowsthatT.rexhadtwopowerfullegsandlargetoes.RelativesoftheT.rexthatsharedthesefeatures,likethe[M-],werefastrunners.Againthisisdisprovedbytheprofessor,whoarguesthatinordertorun,aT.rexwouldhaveneededtocarry86%ofitshugebodymassassupportivemusclesinitslegs,whichcouldnothavebeenpossible.7.（命中指数：5星）hydroelectricdamReading:hydroelectricpowerplantsthree(1).low(2).low(3).thewaterpathsprotectLecture:(1).accountofLecture:(1).accountoftheresearchcostforselectinglocationandbuildingcost,thecostofhydroelectricplantsisnotlow(2).hydroelectricplantsproducethesameamountofgreenhousegasesasfossilfuelplant(3).waterpathscannotprotectallfishes,anexampleinEngland,akindoffishcannotusethewaterpathassalmondo.Besuspiciousofwhetherhydroelectricpowerisadvantageoustouscomparedwithotherpower,thespeakerholdsaperspectivecontrarytothereadingpassage.Thefirstpointisaboutthecostanditmeansthatpriortoadamcanbebuilt,manystudieshavetoberesearchedandmadesureiftherockaroundthepotentialdamcansupporttheheavyandmassiveconstruction.Thedamscannotbebuiltjustanywherenearariversource.Inaddition,thecostofbuildingadamisenormous.Thisisnotcostcutting.However,thereadingthinksdamsarebuiltrightinthesourceanddonotneedextrafueltotransportthepower,soitismoreinexpensive.Secondly,accordingtothespeaker,eventhoughtheoperationofsuchplantdoesnotgenerategreenhousegases,hydroelectricplantscratefloodedareasthatmakelargeamountsofplantmaterialtodecomposeanddecay.Thisis"thesource"ofproducinggreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxideandmethane.Fortropicalareaswherevegetationisdensest,thedamagetotheenvironmentisjustthesamecomparedtocoalplants.Thislikewiserefutestheauthorfromthepassageinthathydroelectricplantsdonotcauseharmfulgasestothesurroundings.Thethirdpointisregardingthewildlife.Itistruethatsalmoncanbesavedintheresearchbecausetheyarestrongandgetupstreamfromthedam.ThisisnotthecaseforotherkindsoffishinEngland.Thefishcannotmoveverticallyuptobypassthedam.Tobemoreconcise,hydroelectricplantsstillcausenegativeejectswildlife.Thus,allpointsfromthereadingpassagearedifferentfromthosestatedinthelisteningcontent.8.（命中指数：5星）DeathValley300kg8.（命中指数：5星）DeathValley300kg的大石头会动stones），有人试着解释Thereadingpassagetriestoexplainwhysomestonesindesertareasshowsignsofmovingslowlyacrossthesurface.However,allthethreetheoriesproposedinthereadingarerefutedbythelecturer.Thefirsttheoryisthatthestonesaremovedbytheforcesofwinds.Thisismadepossiblebypowerfulwindstormsinthevalleyandmuddyandslipperysurfacesonrainydays.However,theprofessorarguesthatwindsstrongenoughmovearockhaveneverbeenrecordedonEarth.Furthermore,there’sevidenceshowingthatpartofthestonesisbeneaththemuddysurface,indicatingthatthestonesarenotslidingonthesurface.Thesecondtheoryisthattherocksmovebecauseofthefloatingicesheetsthatsurroundtherocks.However,thistheoryisalsonotpossiblebecause,asthespeakersays,thedesertareaisextremelydry,sodesertareaisextremelydry,soitlackstheamountofwatertoformlargeicesheets.Eventhoughicecouldpossiblyformduringthenightwhenthetemperaturedrops,duringthedaytheicewouldmelt.Therefore,icesheetscouldnothavebeentheforcesatplay.Finally,thereisthepossibilitythathumanoranimalinterventionratherthannaturalforcesmadethishappen.However,ifthisweretrue,theprofessorsays,thentherewouldhavebeentracesleftofhumansoranimalsmovingtherocks,andthesetraceswouldnothavebeeneasilyremovedinsuchmuddyplaces.Yetthefactisthatneitherthetracesofhumansnorthoseofhorsesexistnearthemovingrocks.Sothehumaninterventiontheoryishighlyunlikely.9.（命中指数：5星）congestionpricingcity(（2）在收费区里面环境可能会好点，但是周围的车相对就会增多，noiseandThepolicyofcongestionpricingisenforcedinsomeurbanareasinordertoalleviatetrafficcongestion.Thereadingpassageexplainsthebenefitsofcongestionpricing,whilethelecturewarnsthatthispolicyhasanumberofnegativeeffects.Thereadingsuggeststhatcongestionpricingreducestrafficsodriverscanreachtheirdestinationinlesstime.However,thelecturercontendsthatnotallpeoplewillfindittime-saving.Somedriverswillgoroundthepricingzoneinordertoavoidcongestionsurcharges.Forexample,deliverydriverswillThereadingsuggeststhatcongestionpricingreducestrafficsodriverscanreachtheirdestinationinlesstime.However,thelecturercontendsthatnotallpeoplewillfindittime-saving.Somedriverswillgoroundthepricingzoneinordertoavoidcongestionsurcharges.Forexample,deliverydriverswilltakealongerroutetoavoidthisadditionalcost,sothedeliverytimeisincreased.Thesecondbenefitmentionedinthereadingisthatcongestionpricingimprovesurbanenvironment.However,thelecturerpointsoutthatthismaybetrueforareaswithinthechargingzonebecausethereislesstrafficthere.Butinthesurroundingareas,pollutionandnoisemaybecomeworseasaresultofincreasedleveloftrafficthatmovestothoseFinally,accordingtothereading,congestionchargesareasourceofcityrevenuewhichcanbeusedbythegovernmenttoimprovepublicfacilitiessuchasroadsandbridges.Yetthelecturerarguesthatthispolicywillleadsomepeopletoswitchfromdrivingtousingpublictransportationsuchasthesubway.Thiswillentailanadditionalcostforsubwaymaintenance,whichmayevenexceedtherevenuefromcongestionpricing.Thereforethepolicywillnothelpimproveroadsandbridges.10.（命中指数：4星）阅读：小额贷款（microcredit）poor1.educatethem,India,teachthemhowtofinance,ernational机构中获得贷款之后，governmentsavemoneybridgesandroadInthelecture,theInthelecture,thespeakermakesseveralpointsabouttheadvantagesofmicrocredit,awayusedtohelpthepoorforasuccessfulfuture;thismethodhoweverissupportedbythereadingpassage.Thefirstpointisaboutifmicrocreditreallyhelpsthepoorinbusiness.Fromthereading,itsaysthatborrowerscanonlybenefitfromsuchloanswhentheyhavetheknowledgeoffinanceandbusinesssettingupexperience.However,thisisdifferentfromthelisteninginthatmanyfinancialagenciesprovidebasicfinancialeducationtocustomerswhentheyaskfortakingoutsuchloans,suchashowtobudgewisely,howtokeepcostsdownandtheforth.()Moreover,fromthereadingpassage,microloansarenoteffectivebecausetheyarecostlytoprocess,addingupburdentothebank.However,theprofessorassertsthatmicrocreditbenefitsthepoor.Forinstance,banksdonotneedtorespondtotheentireindividualrequest.Inotherwords,fourorfivecustomerscantakeoutaloantogetherandsharetheadministrativecosts.Finally,theprofessorpointsoutthatmicrocreditcouldensurethegovernmenttobeinvestingthemoneysavedintootherfields.Forexample,governmentscanusethismoneytobuildinfrastructuresuchasroads,bridges,orpowerlines.Thosethingsareallhelpingthecitizens.However,thereadingsaysthatgovernmentcanpasstheresponsibilityofhelpingthepoorontothesideofbank.Inconclusion,microfinancingisnotagreatideatohelpthepoortogetridoftheirpovertyanddifficultyinlife.Thus,thereadingpassageandthelisteningcontentarecontradictoryonstandsheldtowardthisissue.11.（命中指数：4星）wounded啊；还有根本就没那个时候最常被狩猎的动物—驯鹿，（3）magicalpower在不同的文化中有不同的含义啊，insomecase，这是一种仪式，actuallythemagicalpowertheirancestorsbelieveinisthattheycancommunicatewiththeanimalslivingaround.ThereadingpassageexplainsthepurposeofprehistoricpaintingsfoundinLascauxCaveinFrance.Accordingtothereading,thesepaintingswerecreatedbythepainterswiththehopeoffindinggoodlucktoensuresuccessfulhunting.However,thelecturerdisagreeswiththisexplanation.First,thereadingstatesthattherearelargeanimalsinsomepaintingsdepictedasbeingwoundedbyspearsandarrows,suggestingthattheseanimalswerehuntedbythepainters.（关联视频里对动物图案有一定介绍）However,thelecturerpointsoutthatthereareotherpaintingsthatdepictsmallanimalssuchascatsandreindeers,whichprehistoricpeopledidnothunt.Moreover,someanimalsinthepaintingsdonotappeartohavebeenwounded.Sothesepaintingsmaynotberelatedwithhunting.Second,humanfigureswithanimalheadsmaynotbeproofthatthepaintingswererelatedwithhunting.Accordingtothelecturer,somehumanfiguresdonotappearinthepaintingtobestanding;someareevensleeping.Theywereclearlynothuntinginsuchhorizontalposition,soitisprobablynottruethatthehorizontalposition,soitisprobablynottruethatthehumansinthepaintingsarewearinganimalheadsasacamouflagewhilehunting.Thethirdtheoryinthereadingproposesthatthepainterscreatedthesepaintingsbecausetheybelievedthatthesepaintingsmighthavemagicalpowers.Butthelecturerarguesthatthismagicalpowermighthavenothingtodowithhunting.Thepaintersmighthavebelievedthattheycouldcommunicatewiththeirancestors’spiritsthroughthesepainted(3)BeingskepticalaboutthetheoryoftherelationbetweenhumanhuntingandtheextinctionoflargemammalsinNorthAmerica,thelisteningpassageputsforthaperspectivetotallycontrarytothereasonsstatedinthereadingcontent.Tobeginwith,itisaboutthetiminghumanbeingscametotheplacewherelargemammalswerewipedout.Thelisteningpassagesaysthatthereisnoexactlythecauseandeffectrelationfortheextinctionofthoselargemammalswiththearrivalofhumanbeings.Thatistosay,theextinctionandthetimeofhumanarrivalarejustacoincidenceandsuchlargeextinctionmustTobeginwith,itisaboutthetiminghumanbeingscametotheplacewherelargemammalswerewipedout.Thelisteningpassagesaysthatthereisnoexactlythecauseandeffectrelationfortheextinctionofthoselargemammalswiththearrivalofhumanbeings.Thatistosay,theextinctionandthetimeofhumanarrivalarejustacoincidenceandsuchlargeextinctionmustbecausedbysomethingelse,suchasweatherabnormality.However,thereadingindicates,itishumanbeingsappearingtocertainareasthatlargeanimalswereextinctandtheywerehappenedatthesameperiodoftime.Secondly,thecontradictorypointregards-thebehavioroflargeanimals.Tobemoreconcise,largemammalsdidnothavepredatorsatthattime,sohumanhuntingwasnotadifficultjob.Fromthelisteninghowever,itsaysthathumanbeingsdidnotknowfoodpreservationskillstokeepmeatforalongtimeandtheyhuntedonlywhattheyneeded.So,thedecliningnumberoflargeanimalsshouldnotbesodrasticduetothisreason.Additionally,humanbeingsweremovingalotanditisnotconvincingatallwhatsoeverthatallthelargemammalswereextinct.Lastly,thelecturersuggeststhatnotjustlargemammalswereextinctatthattime,butweremanysmallerones,suchascertainkindsofbirds.Thereadingcontenthowevershowsthathumanbeingsonlyhuntedforlargemammals.Whatshallbetheexplanationwhysmalleranimalswerealsoextinctatthattime?Thus,thelisteningsupportsothertheoriesforsuchextinction,suchasextremeweatherconditionandtheforth.Toconclude,thelisteningcontentistotallyopposingtowhatthereadingsaysinthearticle.(1)不是捕捞引起的，是另一种BASS还是甚么的动物吃光了这种manhaten该转而去减少这种BASS(2)(3)(1)这 (2)(1)这 (2)(3)ThepopulationofthemenhadenintheChesapeakeBayhasbeendecliningduetooverfishing,sothegovernmenthascalledforabanonmenhadenfishinginthearea.Theauthorofthepassageisconcernedthatsuchabanmaynotbetherightsolution,whilethelecturergivestheoppositeopinion,arguingthatthebanisnecessaryandjustified.First,thereadingpointstothefactthattherealcauseofthedeclineinthemenhadenpopulationisnotfishing,butthestripedbass,amajorpredatorofthemenhaden,soratherthanlimitingmenhadenfishing,weshouldreducethepopulationofthestripedbass.However,thelecturearguesthatthestripedbassserveasanimportantlinkintheeco-system,keepingthepopulationofmanyfishspeciesundercontrol.Weshouldavoiddisturbingthenaturalbalanceoftheecosystem,sothebestsolutionisstillabanonmenhadenfishing.Second,thereadingsuggeststhatthemenhadenareanimportantsourceofproteinforlivestockandpoultry.Placingabanonmenhadenfishingwouldnegativelyaffectnearbyfarms.Thelecturer,however,statesthatthemenhadencanbereplacedbysoybean,whichisalsoaveryeffectivesourceofproteinforlivestockandpoultry.Therefore,banningfishingintheChesapeakeBaywouldnotcreateanyshortageofproteinsnecessaryforfarmsinthenearbyareas.Finally,theauthorofthepassageisworriedthatlimitingmenhadenfishingwouldleadtothelossofjobopportunitiesforfishermen,dealersandintheprocessingindustries,whichwouldhamperthelocaleconomy.Fromthelecture,however,welearnthatthebanonmenhadenfishingisonlyatemporarypolicy.Oncethepopulationofthemenhadenreturnstonormal,thebanwillbeliftedandfishingandotherrelatedindustrieswillgrowhealthilyagain.Ontheotherhand,ifoverfishingisnotstopped,itwouldresultinatotalcollapseofthelocaleconomysoonerorlater.所government,benefit烟后又会吃更多的不健康食物。垃圾食品贵了还买增加经济负担(burden)Thereadingpassageandthelecturepresentcontrastingviewsregardingwhetherthegovernmentshouldimposehighertaxationoncigaretteandunhealthyfood.First,thelecturearguesthatincreasedtaxationwillnotpreventpeoplefromconsumingcigarettesorjunkfoodasthereadingsuggestsbecauseconsumerswouldswitchtolessexpensivebrandstheycanafford.Theseareoftenoflowqualityandcontainmoreharmfulsubstances,whichmayproduceevenmorehealthriskstoconsumers.Second,accordingtothelecture,ahighertaxmeansthatthepoorpeoplewouldhavetopayahigherproportionoftheirincomethandothewealthypeopleonconsumptionofthesamecigarettesorfood,whichisfinanciallyunfair.Thisisindirectcontradictionwiththereading’sclaimthatitisjustifiableforsmokersthesamecigarettesorfood,whichisfinanciallyunfair.Thisisindirectcontradictionwiththereading’sclaimthatitisjustifiableforsmokersandjunkfoodconsumerstopayahighertaxbecausetheyarethepeoplewhoaremorelikelytogetsickandneedthegovernment’smedicalservice,whichisfundedbytaxrevenues.Third,thelecturerwarnsusthatoncethegovernmenthasincreaseditsrevenuebecauseofhighertobaccoorjunk-foodtax,itwillbecomesodependentonthistaxthatitmustbereluctanttoformulatepoliciesonbanningsmoking(inpublicplaces)orunhealthyfoods.Thereading,ontheotherhand,presentsanoptimisticviewthatthegovernmentisgoingtousethismoneyontheconstructionofpublicfacilitiesthatcanbenefiteveryone.Thereadingpassagepresentsthreeinterestingmythsthatpeopleoftenhaveaboutcertainabilitiesandbehaviorsofelephants.However，thelecturerdispelsthesemythsusingevidenceandfacts.Thefirstmythisthatanelephantseemstobeabletopredict(anticipate)itsdeathandthatitgoestospecialelephantgraveyardstodie，whichisoftennearthewater.However,thefactisthataselephantsgrowold,theirteetharegraduallyworndown，sooldusuallystartlookingaroundforsoftervegetationatthewater’sedge.Thisiswheremostelephantseventuallydie.ThesecondmythisthatelephantshaveThesecondmythisthatelephantshavenaturaltalentsindrawing.Theycanholdabrushwiththeirtrunkanddrawpicturessuchasflowers.However,accordingtothelecture,thisabilityistrained.Trainersteachelephantshowtopaintandguidetheirpaintingbytouchingelephants’ears.Anelephantisnotreallypaintingapictureoutofitsmind,itissimplycreatingfixedpatternsoflines.Thethirdmythisthatelephantsfearmice.Inanexperiment,anelephantbackedoffwhenitsawamouse.Yetthelecturerarguesthatthisisnotfear.It’sananimal’snaturalinstincttobecautiouswhenitseessomethingunfamiliar.Elephantsthatliveinthezooarenotscaredofmiceatallbecausetheyarefamiliarwiththepresenceofmicethere.16.（命中指数：3星）IF（iron为了减低全球气候变化，吸收更多的二氧化碳，有一个办法是IF（iron氧化碳，从而减缓全球变暖。Thepassagedisagreeswiththiswayforthree(1)IFeffective(2)ironphytoplanktonoceantoxin(3)ecologicalsystemintheocean(2)areaphytoplankton太多了，我们就停止这种方法，phytoplankton(3)尽管会对生态造成影响，但是我们必须taketheriskThelecturerejectsThelecturerejectsviewspresentedinthereadingpassageregardingtheeffectivenessofironfertilization.Contrarytowhatthereadingsays,thelecturerarguesthatironfertilizationisapromisingsolutiontoglobalwarning.First,thereadingcriticizesthatironfertilizationisanineffectivesolutionbecauseexperimentsshowthatonlyasmallamountofcarbondioxidecanbeabsorbed.Yetthelecturerrejectsthiscriticism,arguingthatexperimentslasttooshort(onlyamonth)fortheeffectofironfertilizationtobevisible.IncreasedCO2absorptionwouldonlybesignificantinthe2ndor3rdmonth.Second,thereadingwarnsusthattoxicchemicalsreleasedintheprocessofironfertilizationwillharmlocalfisheryaswellashumanswhoeatcontaminatedfish.However,thelecturerarguesthatcontaminationislimitedwithincertainarea