高一英语第二学期期末测试

卷一

中学高一第二学期期末测试

考试时间：120分钟满分150分

I.ListeningComprehension(30)

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,

anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.A.Anewbookstore.B.Anewroad.C.Goodnovels.D.Thepasthistory.

2.A.Heisadoctorofsurgery.B.Hewashurtyesterdaybecauseofanaccident.

C.Heinjuredhisbackyesterdayjustbysneezing.D.Hewantstolookforajobathospital.

3.A.Excited.B.Serious.C.Impatient.D.Disappointed.

4.A.Xi'an.B.Chengdu.C.Athome.D.Inthecompany.

5.A.Shelivesahealthylifenow.B.Shehasahabitofdrinkingorangejuice.

C.Heistoocarefulabouthisdiet.D.Heisusedtotakingregularexercise.

6.A.Sun.B.Water.C.Fertilizer.D.Soil.

7.A.Somecoursesonreading.B.Somecoursesonwriting.

C.Thehabitofkeepingadiary.D.Herpotentialtalent..

8.A.Sheistoobusytotakeexercises.B.Shedoesn'thaveenoughmoney.

C.It'sunnecessaryforhertotakesome□ns.D.Shehasneverplannedtoplaytennis.

9.A.Theparkisfarawayfromtheirhome.

B.Hehatestowalktothepark.

C.Hewantstodrivehiscartoanotherpark.

D.Itwillbefasterforthemtodrivetotheparkratherthanwalk.

10.A.Heisaddingandreadingthenumbers.B.Heischeckingthefinancialreport.

C.Heisrewritingthenumbersofthereport.D.Heistryingtomakethebudgetlimited.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillhearseverallongerconversations)andshortpassage(s),andyouwillbeasked

severalquestionsoneachoftheconversation。)andthepassage(s).Theconversation。)andpassage(s)willberead

twice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleansweronyour

paperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.Whentheygoforthintoanareathattheyareunfamiliarwith.

B.Whentheyarequalifiedtobringthestoryback.

C.Whentheystartanurgentproject.

D.Whentheyhaveneverwrittenthesamesubject.

12.A.Becauseheisabaseballfanallhislife.

B.Becausehehasinterviewedaprofessionalathlete.

C.Becausetheyaremovedbythespeaker'ssincerity.

D.Becausethespeakerhasdonesomesportsreportingbefore.

13.A.Broadenthestorywiththeirownstrength.B.Growuphappilyandluckily.

C.Getsomeunexpectedresults.D.Becomeaproductivewriter.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.Creativityisproductionofsomethingoriginalanduseful.

B.Creativityhappensontherightsideofthebrain.

C.Creativitysrelatedtothefreedomfromconcretefacts.

D.Everyonehashisspecialcreativity.

15.A.Byfocusingonobviousfactsandfamiliarsolutionstoseeiftheanswerliesthere.

B.Byscanningremotememoriesthatcouldbevaguelyrelevant.

C.Byfocusingourattentiontosearchforawiderangeofdistantinformation.

D.Bycuttingofftheconnectionitmayhavewiththeproblembeforeitescapes.

16.A.Thecommonsenseabouttheproductionofcreativity.

B.Thebothsidesofthebrainworkingtogethertocreativity.

C.Asenseofpleasureproducedbythecreativity.

D.Howdifficultthatwecomeupwithanewsingleidea.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.Theirplanforthesummervacation.B.Thewoman'snewjob.

C.Peter'sexperienceofvolunteer.D.Thespiritofactivities.

18.A.Supervisingavolunteerprograminanon-profitartgallery.

B.Cleaningupthegalleryeveryweekend.

C.Donatingcashandotherthings.

D.Offeringsomepart-timejobstotheyoung.

19.A.Takingpartinactivitiesthatarerespected.

B.Takingpartinactivitiesthatarecreative.

C.Takingpartinactivitiesthatyoushowenthusiasmfor.

D.Takingpartinactivitiesyou'reresponsiblefor.

20.A.Fund.B.Persistence.C.Acknowledgement.D.Respect.

ILGrammarandVocabulary(20+20)

SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegiven

word;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

(A)

AftertwoweeksinFinlandenjoyingamuch-neededfamilyvacation,IwashomeinCaliforniachecking

mymailwhenIsawaletterfromtheIRS(国税局)，Ithought,Finally!They'vesentmyrefund!Wrong.Itwas

aletter21(say)myidentitytheftclaimhadbeenreceivedandtheyopenedacase.Theoddthingwas,

Ihadneverfiledaclaim.Iwaspuzzled,sothefirstthingIdidwascalltheIRS.Ifoundoutthatsomeonehad

filed22taxreturninmynameinJanuary,twomonthsbeforeIusuallyfile.Heorshehadcreateda

directdepositaccountwithnonamespecifiedandhasalsofiledachangeofaddress2323my

mailwouldberedirectedtoanoldaddressofmine.

24thecriminalinvestigationunitoftheIRShadsignaledthattaxreturnasfraudulent(欺诈的)，

a$1400refundwasstillsenttothedirectdepositaccountwithnoname25(attach)toit.Icouldn't

believeit.WhenmyrealreturnarrivedinMarch,theIRSrealizedthatidentitytheft____26(occur)and

begansendingmelettersinformingme27thetheftandthedelayofmyrefund.ButInevergotthose

lettersbecausetheyweresenttomyoldaddressandthenstolen.

Ihadarealmesstocleanup.IhadtofileaformrequestingthattheIRStracemyrefundtosee28____

hadreceivedit.TherepalsosaidthatIneededtocalltheFederalTradeCommission,theSocialSecurityoffice,

mybank,mytaxpreparer,andoneofthecreditbureaus29(alert)themaboutwhathadhappened.I

alsogotaspecialPINtoputonmyreturnsgoingforward,30____(indicate)thatIhadexperiencedidentity

theft.

Ifinallygotmyrefundmoneymonthslater.Ineverfoundoutwhostolemyidentityorwhetherthecrook

orcrookswereevercaught.Iwillhavetotakeprecautionsfortherestofmylife.

(B)

Thereseemsnever____31____(be)acivilizationwithouttoys,butwhenandhowtheydevelopedis

unknown.Theyprobablycameaboutjusttogivechildrensomethingtodo.

Intheancientworld,asistoday,mostboysplayedwithsomekindsoftoysandmostgirlswith32.

Inmostofthecommunities33socialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheirplayafterthe

activitiesoftheirfathersandgirls34(prepare),eveninplay,tostepintotherolesandresponsibilities

oftheadultworld.

35isremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturies

___36___howmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.Thechangeshavebeenmostlyintermsofcraftsmanship,

mechanics,andtechnology.Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsofthe

worldandtheirpersistencetothepresent37isamazing.InEgypt,America,China,Japanandamong

theArcticpeople,generallythesamekindsoftoysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandways

oflife38toysimitatetheirsurroundings.Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toy

soldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles

Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeenlikelytobeinfluencedby

technologicalleaps____39characterizeinventionsforadultuse.Theprogressfromthewheeltothecart

totheautomobileisadirectlineofwaysup.Theprogressfromarattle(拨浪鼓)usedbyababyin3,000BCto

40usedbyaninfanttoday,however,isnotcharacterizedbyinventiveness.Eachrattleistheproduct

oftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.

SectionB

Directions:Completethefallowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.

Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

(A)

A.trackingB.scaleC.resemblesD.implementedAB.associatedAC.prescribed

AD.calculatedBC.approximatelyBD.actuallyCD.experimentingABC.participating

Whenishealthyfoodthebestmedicine?Whenitisfree.

Thatoldsaying"Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway“mayholdsometruth.Infact,onestudyfoundthat

in2012,almosthalfofthedeathsinAmericacausedbyheartdisease,stroke,andtype2diabeteswerelinked

topoordiet.

Butknowingyoushouldeathealthfullyand41doingitaretwodifferentthings,andmakingthe

rightchoiceisn'tanyeasierwhenapoundofgrapescostsmorethantwiceasmuchasapoundofpasta.The

FreshFoodPharmacyaimstochangethat.ApilotprogramcreatedbytheGeisingerHealthSystem,ahospital

networkinPennsylvaniaandsouthernNewJersey,thispharmacy42agrocerystorestockedwith

freshproduce,leanmeats,cannedbeans,andmore.Evenbetter,itisallfree.Undertheprogram,patientswith

type2diabetesandqualifyingincomeare43____aweek'worthofIbodfortheirentirehousehold,and

dieticiansshowthemhowtotransformitintohealthymeals.Afterthefirstyear,all180participantshad

improvedinkeyhealthmeasurements,inparticulartheirhemoglobinA1clevels（HbA1c）,thegoldstandardfor

44bloodsugarcontrol.

In2012,theestimatedcosts45withdiabetesintheUnitedStateswere$245billion.Geisinger

spentonlyabout$1000annuallyoneachfood-pharmacypatient.DavidFeinberg,Geisinger'spresidentand

CEO,46thatU4adecreaseinHbAlcofonepointcouldsaveusabout$8000.^^Withmanyofthe

patientsdroppingthreepoints,theprogramcouldsave$24000ormoreayearinhealth-carecosts—aswellas

reducetheriskofamputation,blindness,andothercomplications.

Geisingerisn'ttheonlyorganization47withproduceprescriptions.Nonprofits,foodbanks,

hospitals,andevendoctors'officesaroundthecountryhave48____programsthatbringthe“foodis

medicine“concepttolife.BostonMedicalCenter\PreventiveFoodPantrywasthefirstsuchprograminthe

countrywhenitopenedin2001.Todayitserves497000patientsamonth.In2010,thenonprofit

organizationWholesomeWavestartedtheFruitandVegetableRxprogram.Doctorsgiveeachfamilymember

$1perdaytospendata50farmers'marketorgrocerystore.Theprogramhashelpedmorethan11000

low-incomepatients.

（B）

A.demandB.celebrityC.speciesD.evolutionaryAB.remarkableAC.elaborate

AD.noteBC.colonizingBD.establishingCD.popularityABC.hunger

Thisisastoryaboutabookthatjustkeptselling,catchingpublishers,booksellersandevenitsauthoroff

guard.ThebookisSapiens,bytheIsraeliacademicYuvalNoahHarari,publishedintheUKinSeptember2014.

Itisarecondite（深奥的）workof51historychartingthedevelopmentofhumankindthrougha

scholarlyexaminationofourabilitytocooperateasa52.

Sapienssoldwellonpublication,particularlywhenitcameoutinpaperbackinthesummerof2015.What

is53aboutit,though,isthatifsstillsellinginvastnumbers.Sapienshassoldafurtherhalfmillion

copies,54itselffirmlyatthetopofthebestsellerlists.Thebook'swildsuccessissymptomaticofa

broadertrendinourbook-buyinghabits:anincreaseinthe55ofintelligent,challengingnonfiction

oftenbooksthatareseveralyearsold.

Itwastradepublication,theBookseller,thatwasthefirstto56theriseofwhatitcalledthe

“brainybacklisf9.Italsohighlightedafallinthesalesofthebooksthathadbeensuchastaple（必需）of

publishers,catalogues―____57biographies.Weareturningawayfromexcitingbutdisposablestoriesof

fametowardsmoreserious,thoughtful,quietbooksthathelpusunderstandourplaceintheworld.Mark

Richards,publisheratJohnMurrayPress,seesthereturntoseriousworksofnonfictionasaresponsetothe

spiritoftheage."Peoplehavea58bothforinformationandfacts,andforexplorationofissues,ofa

sortthatbooksareinaprimepositiontoprovide.,,hesays.

Intheend,thestoryofSapiensisaboutabookbecomingpartofanationalconversation.Atatimewhen

politicsismorefurious（愤怒）andfragmented（破碎的）thanever,whentechnologyis59oureveryday

existence,whenmedicineisreshapingourlives,westilllooktobookstomakesenseofthings,tofeelourselves

partofagreatcommunalefforttounderstandourage.Theseareserioustimeandthey60serious,

intelligentandchallengingbooks.

IILReadingComprehension（30+30）

SectionA.Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

(A)

IntheUnitedStates,therehavebeennodeathsfromcommercialairlineaccidentssince2013.Infact,for

decades,therehasbeenageneral61trendinthenumberofaccidentsperdeparture.

Complexsystemsaremorelikelytosufferfromfailures,butcommercialaviation(航空)seemstobea(n)

62.Sincethe1960s,U.S.commercialaviationhasbecomesignificantlymorecomplex,andyet,flying

hasbecomesafer.Whatliesbehindthisremarkabletrendisahandfulofsmartapproachesto63.Here

aretwoofthem.

1.Teachpeopletospeakup-andtolisten

AcommoneiTorduringairplaneaccidentsusedtobethe64____offirstofficerstoquestionthe

captain'spoordecisions.Whenthecaptainwasflyingtheairplane,hewashardtochallenge,andhismistakes

went65.

Allthisbegantochangeinthelate1970swithatrainingprogramknownasCrewResourceManagement

(CRM).Theprogramrevolutionizedthe66notjustofthecoc即"(机舱)butalsoofthewholeindustry.

Itreframedsafetyasa____67issueandputallcrewmembersonmoreequalfooting.Itwasnolonger

68toquestionthedecisionsofasuperior;itwasrequired.AndCRMtaughtcrewmembers

thelanguageofdisagreement.

Thelessonisn'tsimplythatpeoplelowerdowninthe____69____shouldspeakupandhigher-upsshouldlisten.

WhatCRMhasshownisthatpeoplecanbetaughttospeakupandtolisten.Theabilitytoexpressandembrace

___70___isn'thardwiredinourpersonalityorculturalbackground;ifsaskillwecanlearn.

2.Learnfromsmallfailuresandclosecalls

In1976,theUSFederalAviationAdministrationcreatedanindustry-widesystemtocollectsafetyreports.

TheAviationSafetyReportingSystem(ASRS)collectsthousandsofreportseachmonth.Beyondreceiving

immunity(豁免权)fbramistake,it'sapointof71forpilotstosubmitASRSreports.Theyknowthe

reportsmakeairtravelsafer.Thereportsarestoredinasearchabledatabasethatanyonecan72,

andNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)highlightssafetytrendsinitsmonthly

newsletter,Callback.

Here,too,thereisa73lesson.Smallmistakesandnearmissescanbearichsourceofdataabout

whatmight74inoursystem.Mistakesshouldn'tbe75____.Byopenlysharingstoriesoffailures

andnearfailures,wecantreaterrorsasanopportunitytolearn.

61.A.similarB.steadyC.long-termD.downward

62.A.exampleB.exceptionC.symbolD.alternative

63.A.assessmentB.managementC.competitionD.contribution

64.A.failureB.effortC.pressureD.convenience

65.A.predictableB.imaginaryC.uncheckedD.incomplete

66.A.staffB.structureC.cultureD.concern

67.A.teamB.stateC.sideD.policy

68.A.immoralB.unnecessaryC.disrespectfulD.inconvenient

69.A.ageB.positionC.salaryD.attractiveness

70.A.excitementB.discomfortC.respectD.disagreement

71.A.prideB.sacrificeC.entertainmentD.intelligence

72.A.createB.affordC.analyzeD.access

73.A.broaderB.clearerC.morebitterD.morecostly

74.A.breakoutB.gowrongC.takeshapeD.slowdown

75.A.obstaclesB.failuresC.experimentsD.secrets

（B）

Spaceexplorationhasalwaysbeentheprovinceof76:Thehumanimaginationreadilysoars

wherehumaningenuity（仓造力）77tofollow.AVoyagetotheMoon,oftencitedasthefirstscience

fictionstory,waswrittenbyCyranodeBergeracin1649.Cyranowasdeadandburiedforagoodthreecenturies

beforethefirstmannedrocketsstartedtofly.

In1961,whenPresidentKennedydeclaredthatAmericawouldsendamantothemoonbythedecade's

end,thosewords,too,hadadreamlikequality.Theyresonated（共鸣）with78andambitioninmuch

thesamewayasthemostfamous79speechofall,deliveredbyMartinLutherKingJr.twoyearslater.

Bytheendofthedecade,bothvisionshadyieldedconcreteresultsand80Americansociety.Andyet

inmanywaysthetwodreamsendedupin81____witheachother.Thefightforracialandeconomic

equalityisintenselypragmatic（讲求实用的）andimmediateinitsimpact.Theurgetoexplorespaceisjustthe

oppositeItisfigurativelyandliterallyotherworldly（超现实的）inits82.

Whenthedustsettled,thespacedreamerslostout.Therewasnograndfollow-uptotheApollomissions.

Thetechnologicallycompromisedspaceshuttleprogramhasjustcometoanend,withno83.The

perpetual（不断的）argumentisthat84____aretight,thatwehavemorepressingproblemshereonEarth.

Amidthecurrentconcernsaboutthefederaldeficit（赤字）,reachingtowardthestarsseemsadispensableluxury-

-85savingone-thousandthofasingleyear'sbudgetwouldsolveourproblems.

Buthumaningenuitystruggleson.NASAisdevelopingaseriesofroboticprobesthatwillgetthemost

bangforabuck.TheywillserveasmodernMagellans,86outthesolarsystemforwhateverexplorers

follow,whethermanormachine.Ontheflipside,companieslikeVirginGalacticareplottingabottom-up

attackonthespacedreambymakingitarealitytothepublic.Privatespaceflightcouldliewithinreachofrich

civiliansinafewyears.Anotherdecadeortwoanditcouldgo87____.

Thespacedreamersendup____88____allofus-notjustbecauseofthewaytheyexpandhumanknowledge,or

becauseofthespin-offtechnologiestheyproduce,butbecausethetwotypesofdreamsfeedoffeachother.BothMartin

LutherKingandJohnKennedyappealedtotheideathathumanscangobeyondwhatwereonceconsideredinherent

____89____.Todaywefaceseemingchallengesinenergy,theenvironment,healthcare.Tomorrowwewill

transcend（超越）theseaswell,andthedreamerswilldeservealotofthecredit.Themoreevidencewecollectthatour

speciesis90ofgreatness,themorewewillactuallyachieveit.

76.A.dreamersB.explorersC.astronomersD.novelists

77.A.expectsB.strugglesC.observesD.explores

78.A.reputationB.emotionC.challengeD.optimism

79.A.libertyB.publicC.dreamD.freedom

80.A.attackedB.industrializedC.transformedD.accessed

81.A.conflictB.lineC.contraryD.parallel

82.A.aimsB.pacesC.concernsD.terms

83.A.ancestorB.successorC.forefatherD.advocate

84.A.situationsB.securitiesC.fundsD.schedules

85.A.evenifB.incaseC.asifD.sothat

86.A.findingB.figuringC.sweepingD.mapping

87.A.mainstreamB.foreignC.serviceD.sale

88.A.informingB.challengingC.benefitingD.cultivating

89.A.limitationsB.qualitiesC.technologyD.knowledge

90.A.ignorantB.capableC.consciousD.proud

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethat

fitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

ThebusscreamedtoastopinNazareth,Israel.FiveAustralianbackpackersboardedandstruckupa

conversationwithme.Theyaskedtypicaltravelers'questions—wherewasIgoingandwhywasItravelingalone?

Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend,Iexplained,butwhenIcalledherthatmorning,shedidn'tpick

upandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.Mystomachwacinknots,butIdecidedtoheadoutanyway,thinking

ImightrunintoherifItraveledtoTiberius,wherewehadplannedtogotogether.

"Whydon'tyoutravelwithus?”oneofthebackpackersoffered.Theywereexperiencedadventurerswho

wouldworkforafewmonths,save,thentravelforaslongastheycould.Theircurrentplanwastoexplorethe

MiddleEastandEuropeinthreemonthswhileworkinginLondon.

Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers,butmyinstinctsaidyes.Forthenexttwoweeks,IexploredIsrael

withthebackpackersandlearnedtotrustmyinstinctsinalltypesofnewandinterestingsituations.Whenthey

hookaride,Itookthebus,butwhentheywantedtostealintotheKingDavidHotel'sswimmingpool,Iledthe

way.TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.Ijoinedcompletestrangers,whobecomeclose

friends.Yearslater,onecouplefromthebackpackinggroupevenflewfromSydneytoPhoenixtobeinmy

wedding.Thetripwassuchaspecialexperiencethatitgavemeconfidenceinallareasofmylife.Sincethen,

I'vebackpackedaloneacrossSouthAfrica,sky-divedfrom12,000feetinNewZealandandevenmovedacross

theU.S.withnojoblinedup.

OnmythirddaywanderinginIsraelwithmynewfriends,IbumpedintothewomanIwassupposedto

meet.ThoughIwashappyshewasallright,Iwasgratefulshehadn'tpickedupthephone.

91.By“Mystomachwasinknots"(inparagraph1),theauthormostlikelymeansthatshewas.

A.sickofridingonabumpybusB.nervousofmeetingstrangers

C.upsetaboutthesuddenchangeD.sorryabouttheimpracticalplan

92.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebackpackerstheauthormet?

A.Courageousbutdisrespectful.B.Joblessandpoorlyeducated.

C.Warmheartedandtrustworthy.D.Homelessbutlighthearted.

93.Theauthor'ssixthsensetoldherthat.

A.shewouldgetalongwiththebackpackersB.itmightcausetroubletohaveaswim

C.sheoughttostayawayfromthebackpackers.D.itcouldaddexcitementtogetafreeride

94.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Mostofthebackpackersbecametheauthor'slifelongfriends.

B.Theauthorgatheredthecouragetobeafulltimebackpacktraveler.

C.Thewomanmissedthephonecallwiththepurposeoftravelingalone.

D.Theauthorconsidereditthebestdecisionofherlifetotravelonherown.

(B)

Familiesshouldreduceexposuretosynthetic

chemicalsfoundinfoodcolouring,preservativesand

packagingmaterialsasagrowingbodyofresearchshows

theymayharmchildren'shealth,accordingtoapolicy

statementandtechnicalreportfromtheAmerican

AcademyofPaediatricsreleasedonline.

Thestatementalsosuggestsimprovementstothefoodadditivesregulatorysystem,includingupdatingthe

scientificfoundationoftheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationssafetyassessmentprogrammeandretestingall

previouslyapprovedchemicals.

Q&Awiththeleadauthor

WeaskedLeonardoTrasande,CouncilonEnvironmentalHealthmemberandleadauthorofthepolicy

statement,totellusmoreabouttheseconcerns.

Q:Whatarethegrowingnumberofstudiesshowingus?

A:Overthepasttwodecades,anaccumulatingbodyofsciencesuggestssomefoodadditivescaninterfere

withachild'shormones,growthanddevelopment.

Potentiallyharmfuleffectsoffbodadditivesareofspecialconcernfbrchildrenbecausetheyaremoresensitiveto

chemicalexposuresbecausetheyeatanddrinkmore,relativetobodyweight,thanadultsdoandarestillgrowingand

developing.Anearlyinjurytotheirorgansystemscanhavelifelongandpennaiientconsequences.

Q:Whatadditivesdoesthestatementhighlight?

A:Theadditivesofmostconcern,basedonrisingresearchevidencecitedinthereport,include:

•Bisphenols,suchasBPA,usedtohardenplasticcontainersandlinemetalcans,canactlikeestrogen

(雌激素)inthebodywhichmaypotentiallychangethetimingofpuberty,decreasefertility,increasebodyfat

andaffectthenervousandimmunesystems.BPAisnowbannedinbabybottles.

•Phthalates,whichmakeplasticandvinyltubesusedinindustrialfoodproductionflexible,mayaffect

malegenitaldevelopment,increasechildhoodobesityandcontributetocardiovasculardisease.In2017,the

ConsumerProductSafetyCommissionbannedtheuseorsomephthalatesinchild-careproductssuchast