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第一章:Several

educators

have

recognized

that

the

way

engineering

is

practiced

has

changed

dramatically

over

the

year

and

an

upgrade

is

needed

in

engineering

education.很多教育者已经意识到工程教育实施的这种方式在很多年中有了很大的变化,并且意识到工程教育中的改善是必要的。IE

should

take

the

lead

in

reforming

its

own

curriculum

so

that

it

can

help

to

developed

practical

implementation

models

that

can

be

used

by

other

disciplines.工业工程应该率先改革其自身专业,这样就有助于产生出可以运用在其他学科的可行性的实践模式Incorporation

quality

concepts

into

education

is

a

goal

that

should

be

pursued

at

national,

state,

local

and

institution

levels.

将质量理念融入到教育之中是民族,国家,地区甚至是协会标准的追求目标Interdisciplinary

course

and

curriculum

improvement

should

link

separate

but

related

subjects

to

provide

students

with

comprehensive

skills

so

they

can

adapt

to

the

changing

world.

交叉学科和课程改良应该把那些虽然不同但是有关的课题联系起来,以便为学生提供广泛的技能使他们能够适应变化的社会。One

form

of

interdisciplinary

integration

involves

projects

in

which

students

from

more

than

one

academic

department

participate

in

join

industrial

projects.

跨学科的融合的形式应包含来自于多个学院参加工程工程的学生The

basic

cause

of

this

problem

is

that

many

IEs

graduate

without

resolving

the

question

of

identity

related

to

the

following

questions:

导致这种问题的根本原因是许多IE毕业生没有解决以下的问题:Thus,

when

faced

with

complex,

ill-defined,

and

unstructured

problems

that

are

common

in

the

real

world,

many

new

graduates

perform

poorly.因此,当面对现实世界中那些复杂的,不清楚的,无组织的问题时,许多刚毕业的大学生表现的并不是很好。Chisman

points

out

that

the

bulk

of

teaching

should

be

done

for

undergraduate

students

since

over

85

percent

of

them

go

into

industry,

not

on

to

graduate

school.

Chisman指出,由于超过85%的毕业生进入企业而不是他们毕业的学校,大局部的教学应该针对这些本科学生进行。Consequently,

this

leads

to

the

development

of

solutions

that

are

short-term,

unrealistic,

and/or

inadequate.

因此,这就使得他们解决问题的方法是短期的,不切实际的或不充分的。Universitiesfaceavarietyofreal—worldmulti—disciplinaryproblemsthatareoftensimilartoindustrialoperationproblems大学面对各种现实世界的多学科的问题,往往是类似于工业操作的问题第二章:It

is

interesting

to

note

that

similar

academic

programs

did

not

develop

in

the

United

Kingdom

until

latter,

although

lectures

and

courses

were

offered

at

a

few

universities.尽管这些课在少数的大学被设立,有趣的是,在英国尽管有零星的大学也进行了一些有关运筹学的演讲和课程,但是直到后来类似的学术课程才在英国得到开展。In

1983

and

1984

,

Citgo

petroleum

corporation

,

the

nation

‟slargestindependentrefiningandmarkingcompany,with1985salesinexcessof$4billion,investedinauniquesetofcomprehensive

and

integrative

systems

that

combine

such

OR

disciplines

asmathematical

programming,

forecasting,

and

expert

systems,

with

statistics

and

organizational

theory.在1983和1984年,全美最大的石油独立冶炼和销售公司--citgo石油公司,将1985年超过4亿的销售额投资在一个独一无二的全面集成系统中,这个系统将运筹学的数学规划、预测及专家系统结合到了统计和组织理论中。34〔13〕这些算法表现出了前所未有的效率,速度比最好的网络问题通用线性规划系统快了从10到200倍——效率完全超越任何计算机硬件。35〔14〕在过去十年中,这个方法已由一个成功的理论,成为一个行之有效的工具而被大规模应用第三篇To

ensure

that

the

U.

S.

Army

Missile

Command

(MICOM)

managed

weapons

systems

adhered

to

the

CE

design

philosophy,

a

CE

steering

committee

was

formed.

为了确保美国陆军导弹司令部〔MICOM〕坚持并行工程的设计理念来管理武器系统,为此成立了一个并行工程督导委员会。The

committee

determined

that

most

personnel

had

not

received

adequate

information

about

CE,

and

in

general

there

were

many

misconceptions

concerning

its

requirements.

委员会查明,大局部人员没有接收到有关并行工程的足够信息,而且对于它的要求通常有许多误解。The

production

engineering

division

(PED)

of

the

Systems

Engineering

and

Production

Directorate

was

tasked

by

the

steering

committee

to

develop

a

training

program

to

assist

in

the

advancement

of

the

CE

concept

and

provide

guidelines

for

CE

implementation.

系统工程与生产局的生产工程部〔PED〕,是被督导委员会任命,负责制定培训工程,以协助推进并行工程的概念,并提供并行工程实施准那么的。Training,

which

addresses

a

philosophy,

can

often

digress

into

an

intense

training

course

on

a

specific

tool

or

technology

that

supports

that

philosophy.重点提出一个理念的培训,经常借用支持这个理念的特定工具或技术离题,进入剧烈/紧张的培训课程It

is

imperative

that

recipients

of

this

training

realize

the

commitment

of

top

management

to

the

CE

design

philosophy.

让培训者认识到高级管理层对CE设计理念的推行很有必要。The

problem

with

developing

and

maintaining

a

CE

team

is

that

most

people

are

not

accustomed

to

working

(or

trained

to

work)

in

teams.

开发和维护一个CE小组的问题是,大多数人都不习惯于再这样一个团队训练或者被〔培训工作〕The

first

lesson

of

the

module

establishes

how

CE

team

members

are

selected,

what

part

they

play

as

individuals,

and

how

they

become

a

working

unit.

团队建设模块的第一课讲述如何选择CE的团队成员,他们各自扮演什么角色,以及他们如何成为一个工作单元。This

module

also

stresses

that

the

voice

of

the

customer

must

be

represented

to

ensure

requirements

are

correctly

stated

and

understood

by

the

CE

team.

这个模块也强调,客户法人想法必须被传递出来,以确保需求被正确陈述并且被CE团队所理解。第四篇:It

is

a

question

of

JIT

techniques

that

can

be

seen

as

belonging

or

related

to

the

field

of

industrial

engineering.问题是JIT技术是被看做属于工业工程领域还是与其相关。In

this

category,

one

has

to

find

techniques

that

are

universally

valid

like

laws

of

physics

or

mathematics.在这一类里,我们必须找到像物理或数学定律那样普遍有效的技术。In

other

words,

you

have

JIT

techniques

that

are

part

of

the

worker‟sactivitiesandthatinteractwiththehumanbeing.

换句话说,你拥有的JIT技术是工人活动的一局部,并且与人相交互Japanese

management-related

elements

of

JIT

are

JIT

methods

that

are

either

imported

directly

from

or

highly

conditioned

by

Japanese

management.

日式管理相关的JIT元素要么是直接导入要么是以日式管理为条件的JIT方法。BAB

means

eliminating

the

paper

work

that

has

to

be

completed

before

the

move

of

products

from

one

station

or

process

to

another

or

from

one

section

to

another

takes

place.

BAB意味着消除〔eliminate〕文书工作〔paperwork〕,这些必须在产品从一个工作站或流程移动到另一个或从一个部门到另一个部门发生之前完成。It

is

worth

pointing

out

that

autonomation

and

the

breaking

of

barriers

each

have

two

assets:

a

technical

and

a

managerial

aspect.

值得注意的是,自主和打破界限都有两方面的益处〔asset〕:技术方面和管理方面。It

has

been

thought

of

as

a

set

of

technical

actions,

motions

and

operations

requiring

technical

skills

that

do

not

have

much

in

common

with

the

pure

management

features.

它已被视为一套技术动作、运动和行动需要技术技能,没有太多共同之处的纯管理功能。One

should

remember

that

QCC,

for

example,

did

not

proceed

or

develop

from

the

well-known

small

groups

that

are

recognized

as

being

specific

to

Japanese

management.

人们应该记住QCC,例如,没有进行或从知名的小集团被认为是特定于日本管理开发。第五篇:Industrialengineering工业工程Totalqualitymanagement全面质量管理Continuousimprovement持续改良Humanfactors人因学Man-machinesystems人机系统Operationsresearch运筹学Qualityimprovementengineering质量改善工程Managementservice管理效劳Industrialengineer工业工程师Performanceimprovementengineering绩效改善工程Materialhandling物料搬运Massproduction大规模制造Qualityengineering质量工程Masscustomization大规模定制Simplexalgorithm单纯形法Transportationproblem运输问题Networkproblem网络问题Linearprogramming线性规划Nonlinearoptimization非线性优化Integeroptimization整数优化Flexiblemanufacturingsystem柔性制造系统Motionanalysis动作分析Timestudy时间研究Worksampling工作抽样Historicaldata历史数据Pre-determinedmotiontimessystem预定动作时间系统Methodstimemeasurement方法时间测量法Pre-determinedtimesstandards预定标准时间法Movingaverageapproach移动平均法Manufacturinglinebalancing生产线平衡Systemsengineering系统工程Humanreliability人类可靠性Human-computerinteraction人机交互Factorylayout工厂布局Productionlayout产品式布局Processlayout工艺式布局Functionallayout功能式布局Cellularlayout单元式布局Layoutdesign布局设计Work-in-process在制品Workcenter工作中心Distributedlayout分布式布局Capacityassignment能力分配Machineutilization设备利用率Routinganddispatching路径规划和调度Operationsmanagement运作管理Verticalintegration纵向集成Linearprogramming线性规划Networkflowproblem网络流问题Dynamicprogramming动态规划Linebalance平衡生产线Productionplanning生产规划Inventorycontrol库存控制Justintime准时制造Engineeringeconomics程经济学Informationsystem信息系统Investmentanalysis投资分析Internalratesofreturn内部收益率Concurrentengineering并行工程Cashflow现金流Qualitycost质量本钱Opportunitycost时机本钱Sensitivityanalysis灵敏度分析Decisiontheory决策理论Apprenticeposition实习岗位Enhancedcommunication强化沟通Qualityfunctiondeployment质量功能展开Productlifecycle产品生命周期Newproductdevelopment新产品开发Customerneeds顾客需求Projectplan工程方案Foundationelement根本要素Resourceconstraint资源限制Importantfactor关键因素Projectpriority工程优先级Grouptechnology成组技术Numericalcontrolmachine数控机床Billofmaterial物料清单Flowchartsymbol流程图Controlflowgraph控制流程图Eventgraph事件图Virtualreality虚拟现实Justintime准时制造Productionleadtime生产提前期Defectivepart次品Standardoperations操作标准化Qualitycontr

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