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第一章:Several
educators
have
recognized
that
the
way
engineering
is
practiced
has
changed
dramatically
over
the
year
and
an
upgrade
is
needed
in
engineering
education.很多教育者已经意识到工程教育实施的这种方式在很多年中有了很大的变化,并且意识到工程教育中的改善是必要的。IE
should
take
the
lead
in
reforming
its
own
curriculum
so
that
it
can
help
to
developed
practical
implementation
models
that
can
be
used
by
other
disciplines.工业工程应该率先改革其自身专业,这样就有助于产生出可以运用在其他学科的可行性的实践模式Incorporation
quality
concepts
into
education
is
a
goal
that
should
be
pursued
at
national,
state,
local
and
institution
levels.
将质量理念融入到教育之中是民族,国家,地区甚至是协会标准的追求目标Interdisciplinary
course
and
curriculum
improvement
should
link
separate
but
related
subjects
to
provide
students
with
comprehensive
skills
so
they
can
adapt
to
the
changing
world.
交叉学科和课程改良应该把那些虽然不同但是有关的课题联系起来,以便为学生提供广泛的技能使他们能够适应变化的社会。One
form
of
interdisciplinary
integration
involves
projects
in
which
students
from
more
than
one
academic
department
participate
in
join
industrial
projects.
跨学科的融合的形式应包含来自于多个学院参加工程工程的学生The
basic
cause
of
this
problem
is
that
many
IEs
graduate
without
resolving
the
question
of
identity
related
to
the
following
questions:
导致这种问题的根本原因是许多IE毕业生没有解决以下的问题:Thus,
when
faced
with
complex,
ill-defined,
and
unstructured
problems
that
are
common
in
the
real
world,
many
new
graduates
perform
poorly.因此,当面对现实世界中那些复杂的,不清楚的,无组织的问题时,许多刚毕业的大学生表现的并不是很好。Chisman
points
out
that
the
bulk
of
teaching
should
be
done
for
undergraduate
students
since
over
85
percent
of
them
go
into
industry,
not
on
to
graduate
school.
Chisman指出,由于超过85%的毕业生进入企业而不是他们毕业的学校,大局部的教学应该针对这些本科学生进行。Consequently,
this
leads
to
the
development
of
solutions
that
are
short-term,
unrealistic,
and/or
inadequate.
因此,这就使得他们解决问题的方法是短期的,不切实际的或不充分的。Universitiesfaceavarietyofreal—worldmulti—disciplinaryproblemsthatareoftensimilartoindustrialoperationproblems大学面对各种现实世界的多学科的问题,往往是类似于工业操作的问题第二章:It
is
interesting
to
note
that
similar
academic
programs
did
not
develop
in
the
United
Kingdom
until
latter,
although
lectures
and
courses
were
offered
at
a
few
universities.尽管这些课在少数的大学被设立,有趣的是,在英国尽管有零星的大学也进行了一些有关运筹学的演讲和课程,但是直到后来类似的学术课程才在英国得到开展。In
1983
and
1984
,
Citgo
petroleum
corporation
,
the
nation
‟slargestindependentrefiningandmarkingcompany,with1985salesinexcessof$4billion,investedinauniquesetofcomprehensive
and
integrative
systems
that
combine
such
OR
disciplines
asmathematical
programming,
forecasting,
and
expert
systems,
with
statistics
and
organizational
theory.在1983和1984年,全美最大的石油独立冶炼和销售公司--citgo石油公司,将1985年超过4亿的销售额投资在一个独一无二的全面集成系统中,这个系统将运筹学的数学规划、预测及专家系统结合到了统计和组织理论中。34〔13〕这些算法表现出了前所未有的效率,速度比最好的网络问题通用线性规划系统快了从10到200倍——效率完全超越任何计算机硬件。35〔14〕在过去十年中,这个方法已由一个成功的理论,成为一个行之有效的工具而被大规模应用第三篇To
ensure
that
the
U.
S.
Army
Missile
Command
(MICOM)
managed
weapons
systems
adhered
to
the
CE
design
philosophy,
a
CE
steering
committee
was
formed.
为了确保美国陆军导弹司令部〔MICOM〕坚持并行工程的设计理念来管理武器系统,为此成立了一个并行工程督导委员会。The
committee
determined
that
most
personnel
had
not
received
adequate
information
about
CE,
and
in
general
there
were
many
misconceptions
concerning
its
requirements.
委员会查明,大局部人员没有接收到有关并行工程的足够信息,而且对于它的要求通常有许多误解。The
production
engineering
division
(PED)
of
the
Systems
Engineering
and
Production
Directorate
was
tasked
by
the
steering
committee
to
develop
a
training
program
to
assist
in
the
advancement
of
the
CE
concept
and
provide
guidelines
for
CE
implementation.
系统工程与生产局的生产工程部〔PED〕,是被督导委员会任命,负责制定培训工程,以协助推进并行工程的概念,并提供并行工程实施准那么的。Training,
which
addresses
a
philosophy,
can
often
digress
into
an
intense
training
course
on
a
specific
tool
or
technology
that
supports
that
philosophy.重点提出一个理念的培训,经常借用支持这个理念的特定工具或技术离题,进入剧烈/紧张的培训课程It
is
imperative
that
recipients
of
this
training
realize
the
commitment
of
top
management
to
the
CE
design
philosophy.
让培训者认识到高级管理层对CE设计理念的推行很有必要。The
problem
with
developing
and
maintaining
a
CE
team
is
that
most
people
are
not
accustomed
to
working
(or
trained
to
work)
in
teams.
开发和维护一个CE小组的问题是,大多数人都不习惯于再这样一个团队训练或者被〔培训工作〕The
first
lesson
of
the
module
establishes
how
CE
team
members
are
selected,
what
part
they
play
as
individuals,
and
how
they
become
a
working
unit.
团队建设模块的第一课讲述如何选择CE的团队成员,他们各自扮演什么角色,以及他们如何成为一个工作单元。This
module
also
stresses
that
the
voice
of
the
customer
must
be
represented
to
ensure
requirements
are
correctly
stated
and
understood
by
the
CE
team.
这个模块也强调,客户法人想法必须被传递出来,以确保需求被正确陈述并且被CE团队所理解。第四篇:It
is
a
question
of
JIT
techniques
that
can
be
seen
as
belonging
or
related
to
the
field
of
industrial
engineering.问题是JIT技术是被看做属于工业工程领域还是与其相关。In
this
category,
one
has
to
find
techniques
that
are
universally
valid
like
laws
of
physics
or
mathematics.在这一类里,我们必须找到像物理或数学定律那样普遍有效的技术。In
other
words,
you
have
JIT
techniques
that
are
part
of
the
worker‟sactivitiesandthatinteractwiththehumanbeing.
换句话说,你拥有的JIT技术是工人活动的一局部,并且与人相交互Japanese
management-related
elements
of
JIT
are
JIT
methods
that
are
either
imported
directly
from
or
highly
conditioned
by
Japanese
management.
日式管理相关的JIT元素要么是直接导入要么是以日式管理为条件的JIT方法。BAB
means
eliminating
the
paper
work
that
has
to
be
completed
before
the
move
of
products
from
one
station
or
process
to
another
or
from
one
section
to
another
takes
place.
BAB意味着消除〔eliminate〕文书工作〔paperwork〕,这些必须在产品从一个工作站或流程移动到另一个或从一个部门到另一个部门发生之前完成。It
is
worth
pointing
out
that
autonomation
and
the
breaking
of
barriers
each
have
two
assets:
a
technical
and
a
managerial
aspect.
值得注意的是,自主和打破界限都有两方面的益处〔asset〕:技术方面和管理方面。It
has
been
thought
of
as
a
set
of
technical
actions,
motions
and
operations
requiring
technical
skills
that
do
not
have
much
in
common
with
the
pure
management
features.
它已被视为一套技术动作、运动和行动需要技术技能,没有太多共同之处的纯管理功能。One
should
remember
that
QCC,
for
example,
did
not
proceed
or
develop
from
the
well-known
small
groups
that
are
recognized
as
being
specific
to
Japanese
management.
人们应该记住QCC,例如,没有进行或从知名的小集团被认为是特定于日本管理开发。第五篇:Industrialengineering工业工程Totalqualitymanagement全面质量管理Continuousimprovement持续改良Humanfactors人因学Man-machinesystems人机系统Operationsresearch运筹学Qualityimprovementengineering质量改善工程Managementservice管理效劳Industrialengineer工业工程师Performanceimprovementengineering绩效改善工程Materialhandling物料搬运Massproduction大规模制造Qualityengineering质量工程Masscustomization大规模定制Simplexalgorithm单纯形法Transportationproblem运输问题Networkproblem网络问题Linearprogramming线性规划Nonlinearoptimization非线性优化Integeroptimization整数优化Flexiblemanufacturingsystem柔性制造系统Motionanalysis动作分析Timestudy时间研究Worksampling工作抽样Historicaldata历史数据Pre-determinedmotiontimessystem预定动作时间系统Methodstimemeasurement方法时间测量法Pre-determinedtimesstandards预定标准时间法Movingaverageapproach移动平均法Manufacturinglinebalancing生产线平衡Systemsengineering系统工程Humanreliability人类可靠性Human-computerinteraction人机交互Factorylayout工厂布局Productionlayout产品式布局Processlayout工艺式布局Functionallayout功能式布局Cellularlayout单元式布局Layoutdesign布局设计Work-in-process在制品Workcenter工作中心Distributedlayout分布式布局Capacityassignment能力分配Machineutilization设备利用率Routinganddispatching路径规划和调度Operationsmanagement运作管理Verticalintegration纵向集成Linearprogramming线性规划Networkflowproblem网络流问题Dynamicprogramming动态规划Linebalance平衡生产线Productionplanning生产规划Inventorycontrol库存控制Justintime准时制造Engineeringeconomics程经济学Informationsystem信息系统Investmentanalysis投资分析Internalratesofreturn内部收益率Concurrentengineering并行工程Cashflow现金流Qualitycost质量本钱Opportunitycost时机本钱Sensitivityanalysis灵敏度分析Decisiontheory决策理论Apprenticeposition实习岗位Enhancedcommunication强化沟通Qualityfunctiondeployment质量功能展开Productlifecycle产品生命周期Newproductdevelopment新产品开发Customerneeds顾客需求Projectplan工程方案Foundationelement根本要素Resourceconstraint资源限制Importantfactor关键因素Projectpriority工程优先级Grouptechnology成组技术Numericalcontrolmachine数控机床Billofmaterial物料清单Flowchartsymbol流程图Controlflowgraph控制流程图Eventgraph事件图Virtualreality虚拟现实Justintime准时制造Productionleadtime生产提前期Defectivepart次品Standardoperations操作标准化Qualitycontr
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