钢结构第3章英语

Content：

3.1Connectingmeans

3.2Jointingandweldingline

3.3Theconstructionandaccountofthe

butt-jointweldingline

3.4

Theconstructionandaccountofthefillet

weiding

3.5Jointing’sStressanddistortion

3.6Screw-bolt-connection’sconstrutionrequest

3.7Thebolt’scapabilityandintensity

3.8Screw-bolt-connection’sdesignandcheckcomputations1

3.1Connectingmeans

Thecomponents’sproductionandoverallinstallationofSteelstructurecannotbeseparatedfromtheconnectionbetweenthepartsandcomponents.

ThemainconnectingofSteelstructureislinkweldingandnnectingbolts,andrivetsconnectingsometimes.

Weldedconnection

screw-bolt-connection

rivetedconnection2（1）Weldconnection

InthegapbetweenConnectpiecesofmetal,heatinguptheregion,tomakethejointmetalandfillingmetalfusetogether.Theprocessthatfastnessconnectingwhichformedaftercoolingformediscalledweldingconnection,thefillingmetaliscalledweidingline.Weldingconnectiondonotweakencomponent’ssection,thejointconnectioniscompact.Connectingcanbeusedbyautomation,Itisthemostimportantconnectionmethodinmodernsteelstructure.However,astheheataffectedzoneneartheweldinglinemakethesteel’smicrostructureandmechanicalpropertieschange,sothatmaterialchangeverybrittle,thelocalcrackeasilyextended,especiallyinthelowtemperaturecase;Inaddition,theweldingprocesswillcomeintobeingweldingdeformationandstress,whichusuallyhavedisadvantageousinfluencetotheworkfunctionofstructure3Connectingmeans（2）screw-bolt-connectionscrew-bolt-connectionneedtodrillaholeintheconnectingunionpiece,fitonthescrewandthenscrewdownscrewcapcarrythroughconnecting.4

Thetypesofbolt:Commonbolt,High-strengthbolt

Commonbolt：ItcanbedividedA,B,C.A-boltandB-boltcanbenamedasrefinedbolts,highercosts,theperformanceratingforthe8.8(thatmeansthetensilestrengthofitnotlessthan800N/mm2,Theratioforyieldpointandtensilestrengthis0.8);C-boltiscrudeBolt,lowcost,itsperformancelevelsforthe4.6or4.8.

High-strengthbolts:highstrengthboltsusedhigh-qualitycarbonsteelorlow-alloysteelforproduction,andafterheattreatment,theperformanceratinglevelsofmaterialscanupto8.8.Highstrengthboltsaredividedintofrictionandpressure-typeconnectinglinkbythedifferentperformance.5（3）RivetconnectionRivetconnectionisthatmaketherivetintotherivetholesandthenpressittomaketheendofRivetriveting,commonlyheatingittorivet,sometimesrivetingatroomtemperature.Rivetconnectingbehavethegoodplastic,goodtoughness,smallconnectingdeformation,goodanti-fatiguecapabilitywhenbearthedynamicload,itissuitableforthestructurewhichisowntheheavydeadweightandbearthedynamicloaddirectly.However,asRivetconnectionneedtospendalotoftimeandmoney,largenoise,itsrarelybeusedunderthenormalcircumstances.Connectingmeans63.2Jointingandweldingline

3.2.1

Theweldingmethodofsteelstructurecommon：Arcwelding(manualarcwelding,autoorsemi-automaticarcwelding),gas-protectweldingandresistancewelding.manualarcwelding

ThemanualarcWelding’sweldingrodshouldmatchthejointingpiecematerial,suchas:

Q235-E43;Q345-E50;Q390-E557Self-motionartweldingTheWeldingrodshouldmatchthejointingpiecematerial,suchas:Q235-H08、H08A、H08MnA;Q345、Q390-H08A、H08E、H08Mn8Gas-protectwelding:

Gas-protectwelding’sanothernameisgas-electricweldingitsusetheinertgasorcarbondioxidegasastheprotectionmedium,toproduceapartialprotectionaroundthearc,themeltedsteelnotcontacttheair,sothatArcheatingcanproducetheconcentratedheat,highspeedweldinganddepthofmelting,highstrengthweldingline,goodplastic.Resistancewelding:

ResistanceweldingisthatusetheCurrentthroughresistanceofthecontactpointsurfaceofjointingpiecetogeneratetheheattomoltenmetal,andthenpressittobondingthem.Theweldingofcold-formedthin-wallsteeloftenusesuchcontactpointwelding.Resistanceweldingapplytotheboardwhichthethicknessstackedisnotmorethan12mm.Resistancewelding

Weldingmeans93.2.2

TheformofweldinglineandweldedconnectionTwomainformsofWeldingline：butt-jointweldinglineandfilletweldinglineWeldinglineFilletweldingline

butt-jointweldingline10

AccordingtotherelativepositionofWeldingrodandWeldingpiecesinthewelding,Weldingalsocanbedividedinto：

Positionofweldingline

Flushwelding

AcrossweldingErectweldingUpweldingFormofweldingline1112FormofweldingFlatjointLapjointT-shapejointCornerjoint

13

Inadditiontothemainformabove,sometimesusingweldingnailsandweldingtank.

Processingaholeoraslotontheboard,weldingonallorsomeplaceinthehole.NailsandweldingtankwhichareusedforLapjointconnectioncanbeusedtotransfershearforce,orusedforpreventingtheknoboflapplace,orusedfortheconnectionofassemblingpiece.143.2.3ThedefectandqualityinspectionofWeldingline(1)ThedefectofWeldinglineCommonDefectofweldingline：

Crackisthemostdangerousdefectintheweldingjoint.Accordingtothebirthtimeofcrack,crackcanbedividedintohotcrackandcoldcrack.15（2）Strengthandqualityinspectionofweldingline

Weldinginspectionisthatcheckupweldinglineandregionwhichweldingheataffectedandfindoutthedefects,andthenmaketheappropriatetreatment,evaluationtheweldingquality,,whethertheperformancecanreachthedesignrequirement,toensuretheweldinglinesafeandreliable.Theweldinglinethatachievedifferentlevelsofweldingquality,haveownthedifferentstrengthdesignvalues(latterchart1.3)."Codefordesignofsteelstructures"(GB50017-2003)madesomerelevantrulesandregulationsforthequalitygradeofweldinglineinvariousconditions,youshouldchooseitaccordingtothe"standard"requirementindesignwork.163.2.4Thecodenameofweldingline

Thecodenameisusedtolabeltheweldinglineweldinsteelstructure’sproductiondrawing.Indicatingtheweldingline’sform,sizeandassistantrequirements.Thecommoncodenameandmarkasfollows:CodeformFilletweldingButt-jointweldinglineStopperweldinglineThreesidesurroundweldingSinglesideDoublesideFixingformHomo-logyLabemeanschart3.1Thecodenameandlabelmeans17

WhenthedistributingofWeldinglinewillbemorecomplicatedoryoucan’texpressitclearlybyabovemethods,youcanmarkWeldingline’snamecodeandaddthegridlinesonthemapatthesametime.Thecodenameofweldingline183.3

ThestructureandcalculationofButt-jointweldingline3.3.1ThestructureofButt-jointweldinglineButt-jointWeldinglineoftenbemadewiththeshapeofgroove,soitisalsoknownasthegrooveWeldingline.ThecommonlyusedformofGroovearethestraight-edge,unilateralV-shaped,V-shaped,U-shaped,K-shapedandX-shaped(asfollows).TheGrooveformfacilitatetoweld,andassuretheweldingquality,youshouldchoosedifferentgrooveformaccordingtothethicknessofweldingpieces.TheparametersofGrooveshape:theslopeangleα,thicknessofblunt-sidepandgapwidthc.19

Whenthethicknessofweldingpiecet≤6mm(manualwelding)ort≤10mm(arcwelding),canbeusedstraightside-Weldingline;forthegeneralthickness(t=8~20mm),canbeusedunilateralV-shapedorV-shapedWeldingline,theslopeandgapccanformaspacewheretheweldingrodmaywork.AndWeldinglinebeeasytobeweldedfully;forthethicknesst>20mm,youshouldchoosetheU-shaped,K-shapedorX-shapedthathavemorelargeweldingspace.

Whenthegapcistoolarge,forthesakeofpreventingthemoltenmetalspill,youcanusea,whentheweldingismolding,thepalletcanberemoved,alsoberetained.Thestructureofbutt-jointweldingline20Thebutt-jointweldinglinewitharcboardThestructureofbutt-jointweldingline

ThebothsidesofButt-jointWeldinglineoftencannotbeweldedfully,soitwillemergenceandtheconcaveWeldedJoints.WeldedJointsoftencomeintobeingcracksandthestressconcentration.Therefore,Butt-jointWeldinglineshouldusethearcboardtoeliminatethisinfluence;insomespecialcircumstances,youcannotusedthearcboard(suchastheButt-jointWeldinglineofT-shapedjoint),thecalculationlengthofeachWeldingline(effectivelength)=Weldinglinelength-2t(“t”isthethicknessofthethinweldingpiece).21

AtthesplicingplaceoftheButt-jointWelding,whenthedifferenceofwidthorthicknessaremorethan4mmbetweentwoWeldingpieces,youshouldweldthe“beveledge”whichisproducedbyquitewideandthickBoardpiecethatisnotmorethan1:2.5withtheWeldingpiecewhichisquitenarrowandthin.Sothatthecross-sectionwillbemildandtransitioneasytoreducestressconcentration.Thestructureofbutt-jointweldingline223.3.2ThestrengthcalculationofButt-jointWeldingline

ThestrengthcalculationofWeldinglineisthatcalculatingtheWeldinglinewhethersatisfythestrengthconditioninavarietyofcircumstances,thiscanensurethereliabilityofconnection.

（1）TheaxisforceactionoftheButt-jointWeldingline

whenButt-jointWeldinglineisverticalwiththeaxisforce,ThestressoftheWeldingline’scross-sectionevenlydistributedwell-proportioned,theintensitycanbecalculatedasfollows:

Intheformula:N—axespullorpresspoess

；

lw

—thecalculationlengthofWeldinglinenousethearcboard,lw

＝l－2t;Usethearcboard,lw＝l;23

L

—Thegeometriclengthofweldingline;

T

—Thelessthicknessoftheconnector,thewebthicknessinT-shapedconnector;ftw、

fcw

—ThetensileandcompressivestrengthdesignvalueofButt-jointWeldingline（chart1.3）

FortheButt-jointweldinglinewhichthequalityisgradeoneortwo,itsstrengthisequaltosteel.Therefore,youhaveusedthearcboardinconnecting,thestrengthofsteelandweldinglinewillbeenough,youneedn’ttocheckingit.IfthequalityofWeldinglineisgradethree,thestrengthofitsstrengthlowerthansteel,youshouldcalculateitbyformula(3.1).ThestrengthcalculationofButt-jointWeldingline24

Ifthestrengthofstraight-sideweldinglineisnotenough,youcanusetheRampbutt-jointWeldinglinetoincreasethelengthoftheWeldinglineanddecreasethestress.IftheanglebetweenWeldinglineandtheforceθ≤56.3°(tanθ≤1.5),thestrengthoftheRampweldinglinewillnotbelowerthanthesteel,youneednottocheckedit.25（2）ThemomentandshearworktogetherofButt-jointweldingline

Asthechart,theWeldinglineofI-beamcross-sectionwhicharejoinedbyButt-jointWeldinglineacceptthemomentandsheerinteractiontogether.Thedirectstressandshearstressdistributeasfollow.Thegreatestdirectstressisattheupperandlowerflangeside,Thegreatestshearstressisinthecentralweb,andalloftheirareexistinone-waystressstate,youcanbecheckedrespectivelythebendingStrengthandshearstrengthofthesetwopoints:26

Inaddition,thegreaternormalstressandshearstressareexistattheplacewheretheintersectionbetweenflangeandweb,andthisisdouble-waystressstate,thestressofthispointisconsideredwiththeconversionstress.Consideringtheconversionstressappearsatthepartialplace,thestrengthdesignvalueofWeldinglinecanbeincreasedby10%,sothecalculationformulacanbetakenasfollows:TheactiontogetherofMomentandShearIw——Themomentofinertiaofcalculatedcross-sectionofWeldingline;Sw——TheareamomentbetweenneutralaxisandWeldingline’scalculatedcross-sectionoutsidethecalculatedshearstress;

Ww

——TheresistingmomentofWeldingline’scalculatedcross-section;Tw

——Thethicknessofweb;Fvw

——TheshearstrengthofdesignvalueofButt-jointWeldingline.σ1——thenormalstresscausedbythemomentatthejunctionofWebandflange;

τ1——theshearstressatthejunctionofWebandflange.27（3）Theaxisstress,momentandshearworktogether

Pileupthetwonormalstresseswhichcausedbytheaxisstressandthemoment.Atthispoint,thelargeststressisaone-wayforcestateattheflangeedge;therestpartisatwo-waystatethatsubjecttothenormalstressandshearstressaction,andthenormalstressandshearstressatthejunctionofflangeandwebarelarger,soyoushouldcheckthestrengthofthesetwopoints,thecalculationformulacanbetakenasfollows:Example3.1

ofButt-jointweldingline283.4ThestructureandcalculationofFilletweldingline3.4.1sectionformandforcecapabilityofFilletweldingline

ThesectionformofFilletweldinglinecanbedividedintorectangularformandobliqueangleform:

AstherectangularFilletweldingline,Thesidelengthofright-anglehfcanbecalledweldingsize;hewhichbecalledtheeffectivethicknessofweldinglineisoneoftheparameterswhichtocalculatedamagedsurfaceareaoftheFilletweldingline.Rectangularfilletweldinglineanditssectionform

29ObliqueangleweldinglineanditssectionformThestructureofFilletweldingline30

Accordingtotheforcesituation,FilletweldinglinecanbedividedtoObversefilletweldinglineandRearfilletweldingline.ObversefilletweldinglineisthatthedirectionofWeldlengthisperpendiculartothedirectionoftheforce;Rearfilletweldinglineisthatthatdirectionisparalleltothedirectionoftheforce.31

RearfilletWeldinglinemostlybeartheshearingstrengthundertheexternalforce,goodplasticandlowintensity.AttheFlexibilityphase,thestresswillhavetheunevendistributionalongthedirectionoftheWeldlength,largeatbothendsandsmallmiddle,thestartingpointofdestructionisoftenatthebothends,thedestructionsurfaceisabout450slant,asshown.ProcessofdestructionCapabilityofbearingforce32

ThestressstateofObversefilletweldinglineismorecomplexthanRear’s.Asthechart,themomentandshearstrengthinteracttogetheratthesection.ThestrengthofObversefilletweldinglineishigherthanRear’s,butlessplastic,AttherootoftheWeldthestressconcentrationishighlighted,andhereoftendestroyedwithappearingthefirstcracks.

OnthestructurewhichisbornetheDynamicloaddirectly,thesectionofObversefilletweldinglinecommonlyusestheflatform,theRear’scommonlyusestheconcaveform.Capabilityofbearingforce333.4.2Thestructuralrequirementsoffilletweldingline

Inordertoavoidthesizeofweldingfoottoolargeortoosmalltocause“breakout"and“crispup”orotherdefects,andtheWeldinglineistoolongortooshorttoappearthestressthatweldingbeararenotasymmetry,suchasthesizeofthefiilletandtheweldinglengthshouldberestricted.Sowhenyoucalculatethejointoffilletwelding,inadditiontosatisfythestrengthofwelding,thestructurerequirementsshouldalsobeattentionasfollowing:1)Thesmallestsizeofweldingfeet

Manualwelding:

Submergedarcwelding:

T-connectedsinglesurfaceofFilletWelding:

tmax——Thicknessofthethickerweldingpieces.Whenthethicknessofweldingpieceislessthanorequalto4mm,thesmallestsizeofweldingisequaltothethicknessofweldingpieces.34Therequirementsofstructure

2)ThelargestsizeofWeldingfoot

T——Thethicknessofthethinweldingpiece.

Whenthethicknessoftwosheetsteelissixtoone,withisoscelesright-anglefilletWeldingunabletosatisfythemaximumandtheminimumsizerequirements,youcanusethevarysizeofweldingfootaccordingtosatisfytherequirementsasRight(ofwhicht1>t2).35

Whenthefilletweldinglineisalongtheedgeofweldingpiecesinthewelding,inordertoavoidthe"bitingedge",thelargestsizeofweldingfootshouldbeinlinewiththerequirementsoficon:

Thelargestsizeofweldingfootinholeorslotshouldbeequaltothediameterofholeor

1/3lengthofShorttrackofslot.3)Theminimumofthecalculationlength

ThisrequirementissuitforthePositivefilletweldingandtheSidefilletwelding.Therequirementsofstructure36Thecalculationlength：4)Thelargestcalculatinglength

FortheSidefilletweldingline

isbearthestaticloadordynamicloadindirectly,

bearthedynamicloadsDirectly,

Tosatisfytherequirementsoftheforceandstructure,Atthepointofofreducingtheheatinfluence,youshouldpossibleusetheweldinglinewhichownsmallsizeofweldingfootandthelongofweldinglength.Summary

Indesignwork,therequirementofWeldingline:

ThesizeofWeldingfeet:Therequirementsofstructure375)Otherstructuralrequirements

Whentheedgeofboardconnectbyfilletweldingonlyonthebothsides,inordertoavoidtheexcessiveflectionofstresstransfermakethecomponentofstressbecametoomuchinequality,sothatthelengthofeachsideSideweldinglineisnotlessthanthelength(b)ofthedistancebetweenbothfilletweldingline.Therequirementsofstructure38

Meanwhile,inordertoavoidthearchedofsteerplatecausedbyhorizontalshrinkofweldingline,shouldenablethedistance(b)betweentheSideweldinglineisnolessthan16t

(t>12mm)or190mm(t≤12mm),‘t’isthethicknessofthethinweldingpiece.Ifitcannotsatisfytheaboverequirements,youshouldusethePositivefilletweldingorweldingnails.

Whentheedgeofthefilletweldingisatthecornerofthecomponent,toavoidtoappearthedefectsthatisonthecornerofgreaterstress,itisbettertobypassthecornerandincreasesthelengthofwelding(2hf).

Inthelapjoint,laplengthshouldnotbefivetimesshorterthanthelessthicknessofweldingpieces,andnotlessthan25mm,inordertoreducetheshrinkstressandtheimpactofconnectingbytherotationcausedbyeccentricity.Therequirementsofstructure39

Forthesecondarycomponentsortheforceofweldingisverylitter,youcanusethegapfilletweldinglinetoconnect.It’slength(l)mustbelongerthan10hf,andnotlessthan50mm;thepitch(e)ofthegapfilletweldingshouldnotbetoolong,soastoavoidinterruptiontobecometoolarge,toleadthattheconnectionisnotclose.

Thepressioncomponent

:spacinge≤15t

Thetensioncomponent:spacinge≤30t

t——thethicknessofthethinweldingpiece.Therequirementsofstructure403.4.3Thebasiccalculatingformulaofright-anglefilletweldingline

Analysisoftheright-anglefilletweldingline,maketheseassumptionandreducedtransactasfollows:

①Theassumptionthattheincludedanglebetweenunderminesurfaceofweldinglineandtheright-anglesideis45o;②Don’tcalculatethedepthoftheweldinglinewhichmeltintotheweldingpieceofandtheheightofarclineonweldingsurface,partialsafelyusetheheightofisoscelestriangleonthedestructionsurfacetoreplaceeffectivethickness(he)oftheright-angelfilletweldingline,he

＝0.7hf.WecancalledtheproductbetweenEffectivethickness(he)andcalculationlengthofweldinglineastheeffectivecross-sectionareaofthedestructionsection.ThecalculationdiagramofFilletweldingline41ThestrengthconditionsofFilletweldingline:

σ⊥——Thepositivestressthatperpendiculartotheeffectivecross-sectionoftheweldingline;

τ⊥——Theshearstressthatperpendiculartothelengthdirectofweldinglineontheeffectivesection;

τ∥——Theshearstressthatparalleltothelengthdirectofweldinglineontheeffectivesection;

ffw——StrengthdesignvalueofFilletweldingline,canbeconfirmbyshearstressexaminationandreliabilityanalysis(Table1.3).equivalenttoone-waytensilestrengthdesignvalue.Because:Substitutetheσ⊥,τ⊥,τ∥intoformula(3.7)andconcludedthat:基本公式Write:42

Bytheformula(3.8)wecanderivethecalculationformulaofthepositivefilletweldinglineandsidefilletweldingline:

1)Ny=0,τf=0,onlyaxisstressNxexist,itisthepositivefilletweldingline,Thecalculationformulacanbelistasfollows:2)Ny=0,τf=0,onlyaxisstressNxexist,itisthesidefilletweldingline,Thecalculationformulacanbelistasfollows:

βf——Thestrengthincreasedcoefficientknownofthepositivefilletweldingline.Forthepositivefilletweldinglinethatbearstaticloadordynamicloadindirectlyinthestructure,ThestrengthofthePositivefilletweldingis1.22timespowerthanSide’s,forthePositivefilletweldingwhichbeardynamicload

directlyinthestructure,considerthehighStiffness,poortoughness,useitbyreducingitsstrength,takeβf

=1.0.Basicformula43

Lw——Thecalculationlengthofthefilletweldingline.Consider,withtheimpactofarc,eachcalculationlengthisequivalenttotheactuallengthminus2hf.

Formula(3.8～

3.10)isthebasiccalculationformulaoffilletweldingline.Althoughbasicformulamakethesimplifyhandlingduringanalysisprocess,butthecalculationresultisaboutequaltothetestresult,Itssatisfytherequirementsofdesignandcalculationoffilletweldingline.3.4.4Theconnectioncalculationofright-angelfilletweldinginvariousstressstate

(1)Theconnectioncalculation

by

axisstressofthefilletweldingline

①coverconnection

Youcanusetheconnectingjointbytwosidesfilletweldingline,positivefilletweldingandthreetubeweldingconnection.44Ifonlyconnectionbythesidewelding,accordingtoformula(3.10)tocalculate;

Ifonlyconnectionbythepositivefillet

welding,accordingtoformula(3.10)tocalculate;

Ifyouusethethreetubesides,firstcalculatetheaxisN’thatthepositiveweldinglineborebyformula(3.7),therestaxis(NN')isbornthesideweldingline:ConnectioncalculationFristcalculation：Thenchecking:∑lw——Thetotalcalculationlengthintheconnectionsideoffilletweldingline.

②ConnectionbetweenanglesteelandgussetPictureshowsthesteeltruss,andthechordandwebmemberusedoubleangleirontoformtheT-shapedcrosssection,webmemberconnectwithchordbygussetplate.45

Whentheconnectionbetweenangleandgussetplateusethedoublesidewelding:Astheequilibriumcondition:Result：k1、k2——Internalforce’sdistributioncoefficientofWelding;Differenttypesofangleironsandcompositionforms,differentInternalforcedistributioncoefficient,usedbyTable3.2.Connectioncalculation46AngleironstyleConnectionstyleLimbbackk1Limetinek2equallimbsangleiron0.70.3unequallimbangleiron(shortlimbsjoint)0.750.25unequallimbangleiron(longlimbsjoint)0.650.35Table3.2InternalforcedistributioncoefficientofWeldingConnectioncalculation47

Usingthefilletweldinglineofthreesidewelding,youfristshouldsetthesizeofweldingfoot(hf3)ofthepositivefilletweldingbystructuralrequirements,andobtainedtheforce(N3)thatthepositivefilletweldinglineisborn:Accordingtoequilibriumconditions(ΣM=0):Connectioncalculation48

Usingthe

L-shapedwelding,settheformula(3.13)N2＝0:Connectioncalculation49

ThesimilarsituationwithButt-jointWelding,toconsiderthedefectscausedbyarcweldingattheendoftheweldingline,usingtheweldinglength=calculationlength+2hf.

Usingtheconnectionofdoublesidefilletweldingandincrease2hfattheendoftheangelirons,andthe2hfweldinglinecanoffsetthearc-extinguishingimpact,usingtheweldinglength=calculationlength.

Forthethreesidewelding,youshouldcontinuetoweldingattheendofangeliron,soonlyoneendofeachSideweldinglinewillbearthearc-extinguishingimpact,usingtheweldinglength=calculationlength+

hf

.Example3.2Example3.3Connectioncalculation50(2)Theconnectingcalculationoffilletweldinglinebymoment,shearandaxisstressactiontogether.Connectioncalculation51

AccordingtotheactiondirectionofshearV,axisNandmomentM,youcandeterminethedangerouspointAontheeffectivesectionofweldingline,accordingtoformula(3.8)tocheckit:

IntheDesigning,wegeneralknowtheactuallengthoffilletweldingline,thencanchoosethesizeofweldingfoot(hf)bestructuralrequirements,finallycheckthestrengthofdangerouspointaccordingtotheformula(3.16).Ifitisnotsatisfied,toadjusthf(hf

＞hf.max,toadjustWeldingline),untiltheresultsmeettheconditionsofstrength.

Example3.4

Connectioncalculation52(3)Thecalculationoffilletweldinglinebytorque,shearandaxisstressactiontogether.

Underthetorqueaction,theshearstressofweldingpointsisthelargest,settinguptheshearstress,foreasetoanalysis,thestresscanbedividedintothestresswhichperpendiculartothelengthoftheweldingandthestresswhichparalleltothelengthofthewelding:Connectioncalculation53

I0——Thepolarmomentofinertiaofthecalculatedcross-sectionofWelding.

SupposedthatthestressisuniformdistributionofweldingunderN,Vaction,sothestresscausedbyNandVcanbelistasfollows:

AccordingtoactiondirectionoftorqueT,shearforceVandaxisforceN,youcanbeidentifiedthat