Unit+4+A+Glimpse+of+the+Future+Developing+ideas+Reading+课件【知识精讲精研】高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Unit4Period4Reading新课导入1Watchthevideoandanswerthequestions.1HowdoesAsimovsetouttherelationshipbetweenhumansandrobots?2HaveyoureadanyofAsimov’snovels?Ifso,shareonestoryyou’vereadwiththeclass.Ifnot,wouldyouliketoreadthem?Whyorwhynot?1HowdoesAsimovsetouttherelationshipbetweenhumansandrobots?2HaveyoureadanyofAsimov’snovels?Ifso,shareonestoryyou’vereadwiththeclass.Ifnot,wouldyouliketoreadthem?Whyorwhynot?HeputsforwardtheThreeLawsofRobotics,whichensurethatrobotsshouldalwaysobeyandprotecthumans.1.能通过阅读课文，理解课文内容，能清楚地叙述故事梗概，并能够理解课文中的伏笔，欣赏文学作品。2.能在理解课文内容的基础上，感悟文章主题，加深对单元主题意义的认识，形成积极接受但辩证地看待技术创新的情感态度。课堂学习2CompletethetabletocomparelifeonEarthwithlifeontheMoon.LifeonEarth•Wearordinaryclothesandchangeaccordingtotheseasons.•Breathetheairfreely.•Havetomakeanefforttojumphigh.•Keeppets,suchasdogs,cats,etc.LifeontheMoon•________________________________________________•________________________________________________•________________________________________________•________________________________________________NowreadthepassageandfindoutwhatlifeontheMoonislikeinthenovel.ABoy'sBestFriend1MrAndersonsaid,“Where'sJimmy,dear?”“Outonthecrater,”saidMrsAnderson.“Robuttiswithhim.Didhearrive?”“Yes.He'sattherocketstation,goingthroughthetests.Ihaven'treallyseenonesinceIleftEarth15yearsago.”2“Jimmyhasneverseenone,”saidMrsAnderson.3“Becausehe'sMoon-bornandcan'tvisitEarth.That'swhyI'mbringingonehere.Ithinkit'sthefirstoneeverontheMoon.”4Jimmywasoutonthecrater,ashismotherhadsaid.Hisarmsandlegswerelongandagile.Helookedthickerandstubbierwithhisspacesuiton,buthecouldhandlethelunargravityasnoEarth-bornhumanbeingcould.TheoutersideofthecraterslopedsouthwardandtheEarth,whichwaslowinthesouthernsky,wasnearlyfull,sothattheentirecrater-slopewasbrightlylit.Theslopewasagentleoneandeventheweightofthespacesuitcouldn'tkeepJimmyfromracingupitinafloatinghopthatmadethegravityseemnonexistent.5“Comeon,Robutt,”heshouted.Robutt,whocouldhearhimbyradio,squeakedandboundedafter.6Jimmy,expertthoughhewas,couldn'toutraceRobutt,whodidn'tneedaspacesuit,andhadfourlegsandtendonsofsteel.Jimmycouldn'tgowrongwhileRobuttwasaround,trippinghimwhenhewastooneararock,orjumpingonhimtoshowhowmuchhelovedhim,orcirclingaroundandsqueakinglowandscaredwhenJimmyhidbehindarock,whenallthetimeRobuttknewwellenoughwherehewas.7Heheardhisfather'svoiceonhisprivatewavelength.“Jimmy,comeback.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.”8

MrAndersonwassmiling.“Wehavesomethingforyou,Jimmy.It'sattherocketstationnow,butwe'llhaveittomorrowafterallthetestsareover.”9

“FromEarth,Dad?”10“AdogfromEarth,son.ThefirstdogontheMoon.Youwon'tneedRobuttanymore.Wecan'tkeepthemboth,andsomeotherboyorgirlwillhaveRobutt.”HeseemedtobewaitingforJimmytosaysomething,thenhesaid,“Youknowwhatadogis,Jimmy.It'stherealthing.Robutt'sonlyamechanicalimitation,arobot-mutt.That'showhegothisname.”11Jimmyfrowned.“Robuttisn'tanimitation,Dad.”12

“Robutt'sjuststeelandwiringandasimplepositronicbrain.”13

“HedoeseverythingIwanthimtodo,Dad.Heunderstandsme.”14

“No,son.Robuttisjustamachine.It'sjustprogrammedtoactthewayitdoes.Adogisalive.You'llseethedifferenceoncehegetshere.”15JimmylookedatRobutt,whowassqueakingagain,averylow,slowsqueakthatseemedfrightened.JimmyheldouthisarmsandRobuttwasintheminonebound.16Jimmysaid,“WhatwillthedifferencebebetweenRobuttandthedog?”17

“It'shardtoexplain,”saidMrAnderson,“butitwillbeeasytosee.Thedogwillreallyloveyou.Robuttisjustadjustedtoactasthoughitlovesyou.”18

“But,Dad,wedon'tknowwhat'sinsidethedog,orwhathisfeelingsare.Maybeit'sjustacting,too.”19

MrAndersonfrowned.“Jimmy,you'llknowthedifferencewhenyouexperiencetheloveofalivingthing.”20

JimmyheldRobutttightly.Hewasfrowning,too,andthedesperatelookonhisfacemeantthathewouldn'tchangehismind.Hesaid,“Butwhat'sthedifferencehowtheyact?HowabouthowIfeel?IloveRobuttandthat'swhatcounts.”21

Andthelittlerobotmutt,whichhadneverbeenheldsotightlyinallitsexistence,squeakedhighandrapidsqueaks-happysqueaks.(Adaptationofexcerptsfrom“ABoy'sBestFriend"byIsaacAsimov)NowreadthepassageandfindoutwhatlifeontheMoonislikeinthenovel.LifeonEarth•Wearordinaryclothesandchangeaccordingtotheseasons.•Breathetheairfreely.•Havetomakeanefforttojumphigh.•Keeppets,suchasdogs,cats,etc.LifeontheMoon•________________________________________________•________________________________________________•________________________________________________•________________________________________________Wearspacesuitswheneveroutside.Breathefromanairsupply.Jumphigheasily.Keeprobotsaspets.3Completethesummaryofthestory.TitleAuthorSettingTime:Place:CharactersJimmy,aMoon-bornboy

ABoy’sBestFriendIsaacAsimov

InthefutureOntheMoonMrAnderson,Jimmy’sfatherMrsAnderson,Jimmy’smotherRobutt,amechanicaldog,Jimmy’spetPlotJimmy’sparentsgetadogfromEarth.TheywanttogiveittoJimmyasapet.But...DifferentattitudestowardsRobuttParents:Jimmy:JimmyalreadyhasarobotpetnamedRobutt.HisparentsthinkitwouldbegoodforJimmytohavearealdog,andthathewouldlikeit.TheywanttosendRobutttoanotherfamily.Tohisparents’

surprise,Jimmyrefusestoaccepttherealdog,becausehelovesRobuttandhebelievesRobuttloveshimtoo.ForJimmy,Robuttisnotjustamechanicaldog,butarealfriend.TheythinkRobuttisamechanicalimitationofarealdog.HelovesRobuttandtreatshimlikearealdog.Nowtalkaboutyourattitudestowardsthestory.LearningtolearnForeshadowingiswhentheauthorgivesaclueastowhatistocomelaterinthestory.Thisoftenappearsatthebeginningofastory,orachapter,andhelpsthereaderdevelopexpectationsaboutthecomingeventinastory.ThinkShare1WhatarethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenRobuttandarealdog?2IsthereanyforeshadowingofJimmy’sfinaldecision?Findcluesinthereadingpassage.3Whatothersci-finovelsaboutrobotscanyouthinkof?Shareonewiththeclass.4Thetworeadingpassagesinthisunitshowusdifferentaspectsoftechnologyinthefuture.Whichofthesedoyoumostexpecttoencounterinyourlifetime?1Similarities:Bothareabletorespondtoordersgivenbyhumanbeings.Bothcanoutracehumanbeings.Bothcanguideandprotecthumanbeings.Differences:Theyhavedifferentappearances.Arealdogisalivingcreature,whileRobuttisamachine.Arealdogloveshumanbeingsasaresultofitsnature,whileRobuttisjustadjustedtoactasthoughitloveshumanbeings.2Yes,thereis.Atthebeginningofthestory,weknowJimmyhasneverseenarealdog.ItalsoseemsthathespendsalotoftimewithRobutt.JimmyplayswithRobuttenthusiastically,shouting“Comeon,Robutt”.Inthemiddleofthepassage,wearetoldthat“Jimmycouldn’tgowrongwhileRobuttwasaround”,indicatingthatRobuttprotectsJimmywell.4Workingroups.Giveatalkonwhetheritispossibletohavearealfriendshipwitharobot.1Answerthequestionstohelptoformyourpointofview.•WhydoJimmyandhisparentshavedifferentfeelingstowardsRobutt?•IfyouwereJimmy,whichonewouldyouchoose,Robuttorarealdog?2Organisethemainpointsyouwouldliketocoverandcompletethetable.3Giveyourtalktotheclass.Pointofview

Arguments

Supportingdetails

Conclusion

•WhydoJimmyandhisparentshavedifferentfeelingstowardsRobutt?

BecauseJimmywasbornontheMoon,hehasneverseenarealdog.HehasbeengettingalongwellwithRobutt,andthushasdevelopedanaffectionforhim.Hecannotfigureoutwhyarealdogisbetterthanamechanicaldog,despitehisfather’sexplanation.WhileJimmy’sparentshaveseenrealdogsbeforetheyleftEarth.Theyknowwhatrealdogslooklike.TheythinkRobuttisjustamachine.Nowvoteforthebestspeaker.Askthemtosharetheirexperiences.Languagepoints1.He'sattherocketstation,goingthroughthetests.它在火箭站，正在接受测试。

(1)“goingthroughthetests”为现在分词短语作伴随状语。

(2)gothrough在该句子中表示“经历”之意，此外，它还有“查阅；浏览；完成；通过；审查；用完；仔细检查”的含义。e.g.Hewentthroughabadperiod.他经历了一段艰难的时期。

【词汇拓展】

goafter追寻；追踪；设法得到goahead前进

goagainst背叛；违背；违反；不利于gowrong出故障

goinfor爱好；酷爱；从事goby(指时间)过去

goover越过……；温习2.Ihaven'treallyseenonesinceIleftEarth15yearsago.

自从15年前我离开地球后，就从没见过真正的狗了。

since引导时间状语从句。3.That'swhyI'mbringingonehere.

所以我要带过来一只。

why引导表语从句。4.Ithinkit'sthefirstoneeverontheMoon.

我觉得这应该是月球上有史以来的第一只狗。“it'sthefirstoneeverontheMoon”为宾语从句。5.Jimmywasoutonthecrater,ashismotherhadsaid.

正如吉米妈妈所说，他在外面的环形山上。

as引导非限制性定语从句。6.Theoutersideofthecraterslopedsouthward

andtheEarth,whichwaslowinthesouthernsky,wasnearlyfull,sothattheentirecrater-slopewasbrightlylit.

环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。

(1)本句是一个复合句，其中and连接两个并列句，which引导非限制性定语从句，sothat引导结果状语从句。(2)southward是副词，意为“向南方”。以-ward结尾的副词都有“向……方向”的意思，如forward意为“向前”，northward意为“向北方”。7.Theslopewasagentleoneandeventheweightofthespacesuitcouldn'tkeepJimmyfromracingupitinafloatinghop

thatmadethegravityseemnonexistent.山坡非常平缓，即使吉米穿着厚重的太空服，也不能阻碍他跳着跃向山坡，就好像引力不存在一样。(1)keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事=stopsb.fromdoingsth.

e.g.Theseworrieskeptherfromsleepingproperly.

这些烦恼使她睡不好觉。(2)本句中的racingup，inafloatinghop等描述非常生动。(3)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词hop。8.Robutt,whocouldhearhimbyradio,squeakedandboundedafter.

靠电波辨认声音的罗布特发出叫声，跳着跑向吉米。

who引导非限制性定语从句。9.Jimmy,expertthoughhewas,couldn'toutraceRobutt,whodidn'tneedaspacesuit,andhadfourlegsandtendonsofsteel.论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。

本句是主从复合句。though在这里意思是"虽然"，引导的让步状语从句，expertthough

hewas采用了倒装句式，though引导让步状语从句时句子可用正常语序，也可把表语、状语或谓语动词提前构成倒装。提前的名词前不带冠词；“whodidn'tneeda

spacesuit,

andhadfourlegsandtendonsofsteel”为非限制性定语从句，who是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，指代主句的宾语。10.Jimmycouldn'tgowrongwhileRobuttwasaround,trippinghimwhenhewastooneararock,orjumpingonhimtoshowhowmuchhelovedhim,orcirclingaroundandsqueakinglowandscaredwhenJimmyhidbehindarock,whenallthetimeRobuttknewwellenoughwherehewas.

当罗布特在身边时，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒他；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。(1)while引导时间状语从句；三个when都引导时间状语从句；“howmuchhelovedhim”为宾语从句；“wherehewas”为宾语从句。(2)trip把（某人）绊倒e.g.Hedidn’tnoticemeandstretchedouthisfootsuddenly,almosttrippingme.他没注意到我，突然伸出脚，差点把我绊倒。11.Youknowwhatadogis,Jimmy.你会知道什么才是真正的狗，吉米。“whatadogis”为宾语从句。12.That'showhegothisname.这就是他名字的由来。how引导表语从句。13.HedoeseverythingIwanthimtodo,Dad.

爸爸，我想让它做什么，它都能做到。

“Iwanthimtodo”为定语从句，修饰先行词everything。14.It'sjustprogrammedtoactthewayitdoes.

它的反应只不过是按照编好的程序去做而已。

“itdoes”为定语从句，修饰先行词way。15.You'llseethedifferenceoncehegetshere.

等小狗来了，你就会明白二者的不同之处了。

once引导时间状语从句。16.JimmylookedatRobutt,whowassqueakingagain,averylow,slowsqueakthatseemedfrightened.吉米看着又在吼叫的罗布特，它的叫声非常低沉缓慢，好像受到了惊吓。who引导定语从句，修饰Robutt；that引导定语从句，修饰squeak。17.JimmyheldouthisarmsandRobuttwasintheminonebound.

吉米伸出双臂，罗布特一跃跳了上去。(1)holdout意为“伸出（手或手里的东西）”。e.g.Sheheldoutherhandtohim.

她向他伸出手。(2)boundn.

跳跃e.g.Withoneboundthedogwasoverthefence.

那条狗一个跳跃就跃过了篱笆。18.Robuttisjustadjustedtoactasthoughitlovesyou.

罗布特只是设定好，假装很爱你。

asif引导方式状语从句。19.But,Dad,wedon'tknowwhat'sinsidethedog,orwhathisfeelingsare.

但是，爸爸，我们并不知道小狗真正想的是什么，它是什么感觉。

or连接两个并列的what引导的宾语从句。20.Jimmy,you'llknowthedifferencewhenyouexperiencetheloveofalivingthing.

吉米，当你体验到一个生命体对你的爱时，你就会明白其中的不同。

when引导时间状语从句。21.Hewasfrowning,too,andthedesperatelookonhisfacemeantthathewouldn'tchangehismind.吉米紧紧抱着罗布特。他也皱着眉头，

脸上的坚定表明他不愿改变心意。

(1)desperate为形容词，意为“绝望的”，同时它还有“拼命的”意思。其副词为desperately；名词为desperation。e.g.Withnobodytoturnto,shefoundherselfinadesperatesituation.