Unit+5+Learning+from+nature+Reading课件【知识精讲精研】高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Unit5Period4Reading新课导入1ReadtheshortintroductionstoTaoYuanmingandHenryDavidThoreauandsharewhatelseyouknowaboutthemwiththeclass.BornintoapooraristocraticfamilyintheEasternJinDynasty,TaoYuanming(365-427)wasoneofChina’sgreatestpoets

andanotedrecluse.Amasterofthefive-wordline,Taohasbeendescribedasthefirstgreat“poetoffieldsandgardens”.HenryDavidThoreau(1817-1862)wasanAmericanessayist,poet,andphilosopher.Hebeganwritingnaturepoetryinhisearlytwenties,withpoetRalphWaldo

Emersonasamentorandfriend.In1845,hebeganhisfamoustwo-yearstayatWaldenPond,whichhewroteaboutinhismasterwork,Walden.课堂学习2ReadthepassageandfindoutwhatTaoandThoreaulearntfromnature.BacktoNature1TaoYuanmingandHenryDavidThoreauwerebothpoets,butonelivedinAncientChinaandtheotherin19thcenturyAmerica.Superficially,thesetwomen,whoseliveswereseparatedintimebynearly1,500years,werepolaropposites.Andyettheysharedanintenserespectfornature,whichmadethemeachaninfluentialfigureoftheirtime.2Bothmenmadedramatictransformationstotheirlivesinordertoreconnectwithnature.AsanofficialintheEasternJinDynasty,Taofeltconflictedoverlifeatcourt.In405,hequittheserviceofthecourtforgood,expressinghisunhappinessinthenowfamouslinethathewouldnot“bowlikeaservantinreturnforfivedouofgrain”.Hespentthenext22yearsuntilhisdeath,workingthelandinapoor,ruralarea.Fromhispoetry,wecanlearnthatalthoughhislifewasarduous,hesucceededinfindingcontentmentinitssimplicityandindrawingpleasurefromnature.3WhileTao'sreturntonaturewasareactiontoalifestylehewasopposedto,Thoreau'swasapersonaldecisiontotransformthewayhelived.Hehadadecentqualityoflife,buthewantedtoliveinasimplerway.Fortwoyears,twomonthsandtwodays,helivedinacottageintheforestontheedgeofWaldenPond,focusingonhimselfandhiswriting.HeexplainedhisreasonfordoingsoinWalden:“IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife.”Bothmenwerehappytowithdrawfromcontemporarylife,seekingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureinthequietnessoftheirlives.4AlthoughTaoandThoreaudonottreatnatureinquitethesameway,theirworksshowitsbeautyandvalue.Tao'snatureisaplaceoffieldsandvillages,inotherwords,rural,andhisanimalsaredomesticones,suchaschickensanddogs.Thecalmandpeacefullifehewroteaboutisincontrasttoandcriticalofthedepressivecourtlife:Beyondthedarkanddistanceliesavillage,Thesmokeabovereluctanttodepart.Adogisbarkingsomewheredownthelane,Andchickenssitatopthemulberrytree.5Thoreau'sdescriptionsofnatureemphasisedthebeautyandpurityofthewildareasaroundhim.Devotinghimselftoobservationsofthenaturalphenomena,herecordedhisdetailedfindingsinhisjournals.Thoreau'swritingaimedtoconvincepeoplethatanimalsandplantshadarighttoliveandprosper,aswedo.Weshouldlivewiththeminharmonyandenjoynature'sgifts,ashedescribesinhisjournals:Liveineachseasonasitpasses;breathetheair,drinkthedrink,tastethefruit,andresignyourselftotheinfluencesofeach.Letthembeyouronlydiet,drinkandbotanicalmedicines.6Ittakesconsiderablecouragetorejecttheeasyandfamiliarandinsteadtrytoliveclosertonature,asbothTaoandThoreaudid.Theirchoicesledthemtoquietandreflectiveliveswithfewermaterialdesires.Intoday'smodernworld,theirideasaboutlivingsimplyandbeingateasewithnaturemaytakeusastepclosertoattainingpersonalwell-beingandfulfilment.ReadthepassageandfindoutwhatTaoandThoreaulearntfromnature.Bothofthemgotinspirationfromnaturefortheirliteraryworks.Bothofthemlivedsimplyinnaturewithfewmaterialdesires,whichhelpedthemtoattaintheirpersonalfulfilment.Readthepassageanddivideditintoparts,thensummarisethemainideaofeachpart.Paragraph1Bothmenmadedramatictransformationstotheirlivesinordertoreconnectwithnature.AlthoughTaoandThoreaudonottreatnatureinquitethesameway,theirworksshowitsbeautyandvalue.Thetwomen’sinfluencetopeopletodayTaoYuanmingandThoreausharedanintenserespectfornature.Paragraphs2~3Paragraphs4~5Paragraph6LearningtolearnAcomparativeessaycompares,contrastsandevaluatestwoormoretopics.Theremustbeenoughsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetopicssothattheycanbediscussedinameaningfulway.Anumberofpointsshouldbediscussedwithinacomparativeessay.3Organiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethechart.TaoYuanming•Hewentbacktonaturebecausehefeltconflictedoverlifeatcourt.•Hisreturntonaturewasareactiontoalifestylehewasopposedto.•Thecalmandpeacefullifehewroteaboutisincontrasttoandcriticalofthedepressivecourtlife.Similarities:•Bothmadedramatictransformationstotheirlivesinordertoreconnectwithnature.•Bothwerehappytowithdrawfromcontemporarylife,seekingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureinthequietnessoftheirnewlives.HenryDavidThoreau•Thoreau’sreturntonaturewasapersonaldecisiontotransformthewayhelived.•Thoreau’sdescriptionofnatureemphasisedthebeautyandpurityofthewildareasaroundhim.•Hewroteaboutnatureinordertoconvincepeoplethatanimalsandplantshadarighttoliveandprosper,aswedo.ThinkShare1WhydidittakeTaoandThoreaugreatcouragetowalkawayfromtheirpreviouslives?2Whyaretheirideasimportanttoourlivestoday?3WhatdoyouthinkaboutlivinginnaturelikeTaoandThoreau?Giveyourreasons.4Comparethetworeadingpassagesinthisunit.Inwhatwaysdoeseachpassagecontributetotheunittheme?1WhydidittakeTaoandThoreaugreatcouragetowalkawayfromtheirpreviouslives?2Whyaretheirideasimportanttoourlivestoday?3WhatdoyouthinkaboutlivinginnaturelikeTaoandThoreau?Giveyourreasons.4Comparethetworeadingpassagesinthisunit.Inwhatwaysdoeseachpassagecontributetotheunittheme?Becauseitwasdifficulttorejecttheeasyandfamiliarlifetheyusedtolive.Becauseintoday’smodernworld,westillneedtoliveharmoniouslywithnature,andliveasimplelife.Fewermaterialdesiresleadtobetterpersonalwell-beingandfulfilment.Bothpassageshavethecommonthemeoflearningfromnature.Thefirstpassagefocusesontheinspirationspeoplegetfromnature,whilethesecondfocusesmoreonthenaturalwayoflivingthatpeoplestillneedtoday.Thesecondpassagecallsuponustoliveinharmonywithnature,whichisanimportantmessagefortoday.4Workingroups.ComparethequotesbyTaoandThoreau.Beyondthedarkanddistanceliesavillage,Thesmokeabovereluctanttodepart.Adogisbarkingsomewheredownthelane,Andchickenssitatopthemulberrytree.Liveineachseasonasitpasses;breathetheair,drinkthedrink,tastethefruit,andresignyourselftotheinfluencesofeach.Letthembeyouronlydiet,drinkandbotanicalmedicines.1FindtheChineseversionofTao’spoem,andtranslateThoreau’squoteintoChinese.2Decidewhichportrayalofnatureyoupreferandmakenotes.3Organiseyourthoughtsandsharethemwiththeclass.•Genresoftheirworks:•Imagesintheirworks:•Whatnaturemeanstothem:•Whatmessagetheytrytoconvey:Tao____________________________________Thoreau________________________________________1FindtheChineseversionofTao’spoem,andtranslateThoreau’squoteintoChinese.归园田居（其一）陶渊明少无适俗韵，性本爱丘山。误落尘网中，一去三十年。羁鸟恋旧林，池鱼思故渊。开荒南野际，守拙归园田。方宅十余亩，草屋八九间。榆柳荫后檐，桃李罗堂前。暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠。户庭无尘杂，虚室有余闲。久在樊笼里，复得返自然。好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情享受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。Nowthinkaboutyourperformanceinthisactivity.Howeffectivelydidyoucomparethetwoliteraryworks?Whatadditionalinformationdidyouneedtomakethecomparison?Languagepoints1.Superficially,thesetwomen,whoseliveswereseparatedintimebynearly1,500years,werepolaropposites.表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。

句子主干是thesetwomenwerepolaropposites;whoseliveswereseparatedintimebynearly1,500years是whose引导的非限制性定语从句，对thosetwomen进行补充说明。2.Andyettheysharedanintenserespectfornature,whichmadethemeachaninfluentialfigureoftheirtime.然而，他们都非常尊重自然，这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。

which引导的非限制性定语从句，对respectfornature进行补充说明；3.In405,hequittheserviceofthecourtforgood,expressinghisunhappinessinthenowfamouslinethathewouldnot“bowlikeaservantinreturnforfivedouofgrain”.公元405年，陶渊明辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。(1)forgood

永久地，永远地e.g.Certainjobshavegoneawayforgood,outmodedbymachines.

某些工作因为被机器取代而永远消失了。(2)现在分词短语做伴随状语；(3)that引导同位语从句，对line进行解释(4)inreturnfor作为……的回报e.g.Isenthimapresentinreturnforhishelp.我送给他一份礼物以回报他的帮助。4.Fromhispoetry,wecanlearnthatalthoughhislifewasarduous,hesucceededinfindingcontentmentinitssimplicityandindrawingpleasurefromnature.

我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。

(1)that引导宾语从句，although引导让步状语从句。

(2)succeedindoingsth.成功做某事e.g.Shesucceededininventingthenewmachine.她成功地发明了这台新机器。5.WhileTao'sreturntonaturewasareactiontoalifestylehewasopposedto,Thoreau'swasapersonaldecisiontotransformthewayhelived.

陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。(1)while连接并列分句，表对比，意为“却；但是；而（用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的区别）”，此处作者是想用对比的方法介绍两位诗人回归田园生活的不同初衷。；“hewasopposedto”和“helived”为定语从句，分别修饰lifestyle和way。(2)beopposedto反对……；与……相对

e.g.Hewasstronglyopposedtotheidea.

他坚决反对那个主意。6.IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife.

我步入丛林，是因为我希望自由地生活，只面对生活中的基本事实。

because引导原因状语从句。

7.

AlthoughTaoandThoreaudonottreatnatureinquitethesameway,theirworksshowitsbeautyandvalue.

尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不同，但他们的作品都展现了自然的美丽和价值。Although引导让步状语从句。8.Thecalmandpeacefullifehewroteaboutisincontrasttoandcriticalofthedepressivecourtlife:...

他描写的平静祥和的生活，与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比，是对压抑的官场生活的批判：……

(1)“hewroteabout”为定语从句；

(2)incontrastto与……（形成）对比e.g.Thestocklost60centsashare,incontrasttolastyear,whenitgained21cents.

该股票每股跌了60美分，和去年上涨21美分形成了对比。

(3)criticalof批评，批判e.g.Manyparentsarestronglycriticaloftheschool.

许多家长对这所学校提出了强烈的批评。9.Thoreau'swritingaimedtoconvincepeoplethatanimalsandplantshadarighttoliveandprosper,aswedo.