冲刺2024年高考英语真题重组卷05

冲刺2024年高考英语真题重组卷（北京专用）真题重组卷05注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。本试卷共19页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（2023·北京东城·统考一模）Bernard,the82yearoldretiredpoliceofficer,washeartbrokenwhenhe1hispreciousmedal.HishousewasbrokenintolastDecember.Thethieftookawaysomejewelry,somecashandhistreasuredmedalgivenforhis32yearsof2withLiverpoolPoliceStation.Hebelievedthemedalwasgoneforever.Threemonthslater,David,ayoungvolunteerpulledthemedalfromariverina“oneinamillion”catch.TheyoungmanwasinalittercleanupprogrammeinLiverpool.Hehadbeenusingalargemagnet(磁铁)to3metalrubbishoutoftheriverfor30minuteswhenhefoundasmallbluemetalbox.“Iwouldhaveneverfoundthemedalifwehadn’t4alltherubbishintheriverfirst,”saidDavid.“Atfirst,wefoundoldbitsofshoppingcartsandothermetalitemsbutabouthalfanhourlater,Ipulledoutthe5,andit’sgot‘PoliceLongServiceMedal’writtenonit,Itreallywaslikefindinganeedleinahaystack(干草堆).”6,themedalwascarvedwithBernard’snameandthemedalnumber,whichDavidusedto7thesenior’sphonenumberonline.Theretiredpoliceofficerwas8whenhereceivedacallsayingthemedalhadbeenfoundinariver,stillinitsmetalbox.Andwhenhewastolditwouldbe9tohimbytheyoungmanwhofoundit,hisfacelitup.DavidthenplannedavisittomeetBernardandreturnedthemedaltohim.“Thiswastrulythebest10forcleaningupthatrubbish...It’samazing,”Davidsaid.1．A．damaged B．lost C．sold D．dirtied2．A．business B．munication C．cooperation D．service3．A．net B．site C．cup D．fish4．A．tackled B．deserted C．recycled D．buried5．A．magnet B．rubbish C．box D．jewelry6．A．Apparently B．Thankfully C．Gradually D．Consequently7．A．track B．recall C．record D．dial8．A．nervous B．astonished C．proud D．embarrassed9．A．awarded B．submitted C．presented D．addressed10．A．drive B．proof C．wish D．reward【答案】1．B2．D3．D4．A5．C6．B7．A8．B9．C10．D【导语】本文为一记叙文。退休警察贝尔纳家遭小偷光顾，丢失的物件包括他珍贵的勋章，三个月后，利物浦参加垃圾清理计划的志愿者大卫在河道清理时，意外打捞到装有勋章的盒子，并按照上面的信息，找到了他，并交还给了他。1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝尔纳是一名82岁的退休警察，他失去了珍贵的勋章，伤心欲绝。A.damaged损坏；B.lost丢失；C.sold出售；D.dirtied弄脏。根据第一段“Thethieftookawaysomejewelry,somecashandhistreasuredmedalgivenforhis32yearsof____2____withLiverpoolPoliceStation.(小偷偷走了一些珠宝、现金和他因在利物浦警察局工作32年而获得的珍贵勋章。)”可知，小偷偷了贝尔纳的勋章，所以贝尔纳失去了（lost）勋章。故选B项。2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小偷偷走了一些珠宝、现金和他因在利物浦警察局任职32年而获得的珍贵勋章。A.business业务；B.munication沟通；C.cooperation合作；D.service服务。根据句中的histreasuredmedalgivenforhis32years可知，这个勋章是因为他多年的工作而得到的，此处考查名词serve，意为“长期、受到敬重的工作，效劳，服务”，常用名词短语servicewith…，意为“在……任职，工作”，故选D项。3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用一块大磁铁从河里打捞金属垃圾30分钟后，他发现了一个蓝色的小金属盒子。A.net净赚；B.site使坐落在；C.cup做成杯状；D.fish搜寻，摸找。此处考查动词短语fishsthoutofsth，意为“从……中取出，拿出，拖出……”，根据上一句“TheyoungmanwasinalittercleanupprogrammeinLiverpool.(这名年轻人正在利物浦参加垃圾清理计划。)”，磁铁可以吸附一些金属，故这位年轻人用磁铁吸附河道里的金属垃圾，以清理河道。故选D项。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们没有先处理河里的所有垃圾，我永远不会找到勋章。A.tackled处理；B.deserted遗弃；C.recycled回收；D.buried掩埋。根据上文“TheyoungmanwasinalittercleanupprogrammeinLiverpool.Hehadbeenusingalargemagnet(磁铁)to____3____metalrubbishoutoftheriverfor30minuteswhenhefoundasmallbluemetalbox.(这名年轻人正在利物浦参加垃圾清理计划。他用一块大磁铁从河里打捞金属垃圾30分钟后，他发现了一个蓝色的小金属盒子。)”可知，这个垃圾清理计划包括了清理河道里的金属垃圾，tackled符合语境。故选A项。5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，我们发现了购物车和其他金属物品的旧碎片，但大约半小时后，我拽出一个盒子，上面写着“警察长期服务勋章”，真的就像大海捞针一样。A.magnet磁铁；B.rubbish垃圾；C.box盒子；D.jewelry珠宝。根据下文“Theretiredpoliceofficerwas____8____whenhereceivedacallsayingthemedalhadbeenfoundinariver,stillinitsmetalbox.(当这位退休警官接到说勋章在河里被发现时，勋章还装在金属盒子里，他非常惊讶。)”可知，勋章存放在盒子（box）里。故选C项。6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，奖章上刻着伯纳德的名字和奖章号码，大卫用它在网上追踪了这位前辈的号码。A.Apparently显然；B.Thankfully谢天谢地；C.Gradually逐渐；D.Consequently因此。能够通过勋章上的信息找到失主，是一件庆幸的事，Thankfully符合语境。故选B项。7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，奖章上刻着伯纳德的名字和奖章号码，大卫用它在网上追踪了这位前辈的号码。A.track追查；B.recall回想起；C.record记录；D.dial拨号。句中的themedalwascarvedwithBernard’snameandthemedalnumber可知，勋章上的信息方便David追查（track）到失主的号码。故选A项。8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：(当这位退休警官接到说勋章在河里被发现时，勋章还装在金属盒子里，他非常惊讶。A.nervous紧张的；B.astonished惊讶的；C.proud骄傲的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据第一段最后一句“Hebelievedthemedalwasgoneforever.(他以为奖章永远消失了。)”可知，原本伯纳德认为，勋章再也找不回来了，但现在有人打告知勋章的下落，他惊讶，在情理之中。故选B项。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他被告知发现它的年轻人将把它交给他时，他的脸上露出了笑容。A.awarded授予；B.submitted屈服；C.presented提交，交给；D.addressed致辞。根据下文“DavidthenplannedavisittomeetBernardandreturnedthemedaltohim.(随后，大卫计划去拜访伯纳德，并把奖章还给了他。)”可知，David不但找到了失主，还亲自把勋章交给了（presented）他。故选C项。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这确实是清理垃圾的最好回报。A.drive驱动；B.proof证明；C.wish愿望；D.reward奖励，回报。根据下文“It’samazing(这事令人惊奇)”，上文“Ipulledoutthe____5____,andit’sgot‘PoliceLongServiceMedal’writtenonit,Itreallywaslikefindinganeedleinahaystack(干草堆).(我拽出一个盒子，上面写着‘警察长期服务勋章’，真的就像大海捞针一样。)”可知，清理河道金属垃圾的过程中，意外发现勋章，并归还失主，实属意料之外的好事，reward符合语境。故选D项。第二节（共10小题；每小题分，共15分）A（2019·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I11(voice)mybiggestconcerntomymother.“HowwillImakefriends?”Shehandedmeadvice.“Beyourself.”Forthepast20years,Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbeepartoftherealworld.Nervously12(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto13(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.【答案】11．voiced12．facing13．myself【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者在一年级的第一天，对交友感到困惑，妈妈的建议Beyourself（做自己）让作者受益良多。11．考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用一般过去时。故填voiced。12．考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Beyourself”。分析句式可知，此处是作句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。13．考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Beyourself”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。B（2019·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。EarthDay,14(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated151970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地区).Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious16(activity)onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.【答案】14．marked15．in16．activities【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日的历史和意义。14．考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要作名词EarthDay的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。15．考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。16．考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。C（2020·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Singleuseplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey17(throw)away.Ittakesthemhundredsofyears18(break)down.Manyofthesebagsendupintheoceanwherelargeronescantrapseacreatures,suchasturtlesanddolphins.Overtime,thebagsfallapart19countlesstinypieces,andfishcanaccidentallyeatsomeofthem.Now,lotsof20(country)andregionsaretakingactiontobanthesaleofsuchbagstostoppeopleusingthem.【答案】17．arethrown18．tobreak19．into/to20．countries【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了一次性塑料袋的危害，应禁止使用。17．考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they（Singleuseplasticbags）和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填arethrown。18．考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型Ittakessb./sth.+一段时间+todosth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（todo）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填tobreak。19．考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fallapartinto/to...（分崩离析成……），介词into/to可表“进入……之中/变成……”。故填into/to。20．考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lotsof修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A（2021·北京·高考真题）Ifyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation，science，orculture，thenaninternship（实习）atUNESCOwillbeidealforyou．Whocanapply？

Youhavepletedyourfulltimeuniversitystudies；or．

Youarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamaster'sdegree．

Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution．Whataretherequirements？

Youmustbeatleast20yearsold．

Youshouldhaveagoodmand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench．

Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofofficerelatedsoftware．

Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment．

Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandmunicationskills．Whatdoyouneedtoprepare？

Visa：Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas．

Travel：Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyourinternship．

Medicalinsurance：Youmustshowproofofaprehensivehealthinsurancevalid（有效的）inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship．UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod．

Medicalcertificate：Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork．

Motivationletter：Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform．YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths．Wedonotrespondtoeverycandidate．Ifselected，youwillbecontactedbyamanager．Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdatewithinsixmonths，itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful．21．Accordingtothispassage，applicantsarerequiredto________．A．holdamaster'sdegreeinscienceB．haveinternationalworkexperienceC．befluentineitherEnglishorFrenchD．presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution22．WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod？A．Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage．B．Traininginmunicationskills．C．Amedicalcertificateforwork．D．Financialsupportfortravel．23．Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform？A．ContactUNESCOmanagers． B．Getaccesstothedatabase．C．Keepamotivationletterathand． D．Workinateamforsixmonths．【答案】21．C22．A23．C【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是联合国教科文组织的实习项目。21．细节理解题。根据Whataretherequirements？部分的Youshouldhaveagoodmand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench（你应该精通英语或法语）可知，申请者必须精通英语或法语，故选C。22．细节理解题。根据Whatdoyouneedtoprepare？部分的UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod（联合国教科文组织将为实习期间提供不超过3万美元的有限保险）可知，教科文组织为实习期间提供有限的医疗保险，故选A。23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform（在填写申请表之前，你应该准备好你的动机信）可知，在填写申请表之前，申请人应将动机信放在手边，故选C。B（2021·北京·高考真题）Irememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester（学期）projectofvolunteeringatanonprofitorganization．Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp，mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）．MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind．Then，anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails，whichsomewhatinterestedme．Afterdoingsomeresearch，Ibelievedthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids．WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite，IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren．Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（绝望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation．Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible，andmakethemintokits——onekit，onechild．Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday，whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinallycametogether．WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected，ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild．Overthepastfourmonths，IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwaspleted．Whilemakingthekits，IrealizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit．IhadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgradeon．Whenthekitswerepleted，andreadytobesentoverseas，thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget．Inthebeginning，Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson．Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten．Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation．24．HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning？A．Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans．B．Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas．C．Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade．D．Itwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations．25．Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject？A．ImagesofIraqichildren． B．Researchbyhis/herclassmates．C．Ateacher'sintroduction． D．Arepresentative'sments．26．Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento________．.A．beeOICvolunteers B．furthertheireducationC．studyinforeigncountries D．influenceotherchildren27．Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage？A．One'spotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated．B．Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted．C．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords．D．Hewhohesitatesislost．【答案】24．D25．A26．B27．B【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者一开始认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。24．细节理解题。根据第一段“Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp，mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）．Myfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewith

theplansIhadinmind．”（当老师向我们介绍了需要我们帮助的不同组织时，我最后的选择是伊拉克儿童行动(OIC)。我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望。故选D。25．细节理解题。根据第二段“WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite，IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren．Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（绝望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation．”（当我上网访问OIC网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸上传递的信息是绝望和需要帮助，我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。）可知，伊拉克儿童图片帮助作者改变了他对这个项目的态度。故选A。26．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten．Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation．”（现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，10名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，作者的伊拉克儿童行动组织帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育。故选B。27．推理判断题。根据第一段“MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind．”（我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）和最后一段“Inthebeginning，Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelife

ofanotherperson．Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten．Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation．”（一开始，我鼓励自己去改变另一个人的生活。现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，十名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。故选B。C（2019·北京·高考真题）Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺诈).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解决方案)beewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.That’sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(处理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobeewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear’sI/OConference,apanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghumansoundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(数据侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,sopanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelenetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandmunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdatabasedmunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.28．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?A．Panicked. B．Confused. C．Embarrassed. D．Disappointed.29．Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammercan________.A．aimatvictimsprecisely B．damagedatabaseseasilyC．startcampaignsrapidly D．spreadinformationwidely30．Whatdoesthepassageimply?A．Honestyisthebestpolicy.B．Technologiescanbedoubleedged.C．Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D．Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.【答案】28．D29．A30．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人可以以假乱真，欺诈现象更加严重，解决这个问题需要运营商和消费者共同努力。28．推理判断题。根据第一段中的Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解决方案)beewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.可知，我们认识到了问题的严重性，支持和开发了旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D选项正确。29．细节理解题。根据第三段中的Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(数据侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故A选项正确。30．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Atthisyear’sI/OConference,apanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghumansoundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的影响，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故B选项正确。D（2023·北京·统考高考真题）Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit’schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.ThefieldofartificiallifecalledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife’sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,socalledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,aplexityscientist,istiredofsuchplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopenendedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlessplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth’sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife’sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.paredwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn’thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混乱的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行线)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren’tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.31．RegardingAlanSmith’sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.A．supportive B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．doubtful32．Whatdoestheword“enamored”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged.33．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture. B．ALifeandAIshareamonfeature.C．AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife. D．AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.34．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?B．LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?C．LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?D．LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?【答案】31．A32．C33．B34．D【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。31．推理判断题。根据第三段“AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.(尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用，但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,aplexityscientist,istiredofsuchplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂性科学家艾伦•史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关。”Alan说。“有人问我，‘那么人工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，‘你祖母的价值是多少？’”)”可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了AlanSmith的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于AlanSmith对ALife的辩护，作者表示支持。故选A。32．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopenendedevolution(演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamored)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。33．推理判断题。根据第三段“ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopenendedevolution(演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特点。故选B。34．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething:perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2019·北京·高考真题）Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisacplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.35paniesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?36Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(协调)theiractions.37Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam’sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,“ThereisnoIinTEAM.”38Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftugofwar(拔河比赛),wheneverap