Unit6 TOPIC TALK - LESSON1 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂版本：新北师单元：必修二

Unit6(TOPICTALK—LESSON1)本单元词汇梳理1.admiread-(to朝、向)+mir-(wonder,look惊奇、看)→惊奇地朝某人看→钦佩；羡慕；欣赏词块：admiresbforsth,admirethemoon词族：admire,admirable,admiration,admirer2.remarkableremark(谈论)+-able(可……的)→可值得谈论的→非凡的3.justicejust(adj

公平的)+-ice(行为、状态)→公平；公正词源：罗马神话中正义女神朱斯提提亚(Justitia)的塑像经常出现在法院中，其形象通常是身披白袍（象征道德无瑕、刚直不阿），双眼蒙布（代表理性判断），一手持天平（象征公平）、一手持宝剑（表示严厉制裁）。朱斯提提亚的名字Justitia在拉丁语中是“正义”的意思。英语词根jur-/just-

(正义、法律)来源于此。4.generation来自generate；隐喻：人的代→产品的代(4G,5G)词块：theyounger/oldergeneration,fromgenerationtogeneration,generationgap5.reformre-(again再、重新)+form(形状)→重新形成形状→改革6.mankind合成词：man+kind→人的种类→人类7.intelligent逆生法来自intelligence；近义词：clever,brilliant,bright8.generousgener-(birth,produce产生)+-ous→(不断)产生→慷慨的；丰富的；派生词：generousity9.creativelycreative+-ly词族：create,creative,creatively,creator,creature10.effectiveeffect(效果)+-tiveeffect：ex-(out)+-fect(todo)→做出来的结果→效果词族：effect,effective,effectively,effectiveness11.female正式用语(对应woman)，联系male12.awardOscarAward词块：win/get/gain/receiveanaward；awardsbsth/awardsthtosb13.committeecommit(委托)+-ee(人、物)→委员会14.honour词块：inhonourof,it’san/one’shonourtodosth,feelhonouredtodosth；名词动词化15.recognition来自recognise：re-(again再、重新)+cogn(togettoknow认识)+-ise基本义：“认出”，词源同know熟词生义：“表扬；表彰”16.academy词源故事：希腊神话中，绝世美女海伦在少女时期被雅典英雄忒修斯劫走。海伦的两个哥哥来到雅典，要求归还自己的妹妹。但雅典人说不知道海伦在哪里。两兄弟威胁要动用武力。在这危急时刻，农夫阿卡德摩斯(Akademos)告诉了他们海伦的位置，使得雅典避免了一场战争。阿卡德摩斯因此成为英雄，得到神灵的庇佑，他的橄榄树林年年丰收，这片橄榄树林被叫作Akademeia，意思是“Akademos的果园”。后来，哲学家柏拉图在这片橄榄树林里创建了学园，人们将他的学园称为Akademeia。英语单词academy就来源于柏拉图创建的学园Akademeia，后来词义进一步扩充，泛指各种学术研究性机构。17.gain一词多义：基本义“获得”词块：gainconfidence/weight;Nopain,nogain.18.establish近义词：setup,found(found更强调注入资金)19.chemical同源词：chemistry,chemist20.literature词源：来自拉丁语litera(书写、字母)，词源同letter，引申词义文学作品。21.limitedlimit+-ed(limitededition)词族：limit,limitation,limiting,limited22.resourcere-(back向后)+source(源泉)词块：naturalresources23.eventually

eventual(最终的)+-ly；同义词：finally24.promisingpromise+-ing25.renowned构词法：renown—renowned26.despite同义词：inspiteof27.wisdomwise+-dom(联系freedom)28.potentialpotentialboss词块achieve/fulfil(l)/reachone’s(full)potential29.advance一词多义：基本义“前进”词块：inadvance(of)派生词：advanced(分词形容词)cure一词多义熟词生义honour一词多义搭配义一词多义gain重难点词精讲award辨析义recognise&recognition一词多义熟词生义establishadvance辨析义一词多义cure1873年，25岁的特鲁多医生罹患结核病，只身来到人烟稀少的撒拉纳克湖畔等待死亡。远离城市喧嚣的他沉醉在对过去美好生活的回忆中，间或上山走走，打打猎，过着悠闲的日子。渐渐地，他惊奇地发现自己的身体在恢复，不久居然顺利地完成了未竟的学业，获得了博士学位。于是，特鲁多继续回到城市里行医。奇怪的是，每当他在城里住上一段时间，结核病就会复发，而一旦回到撒拉纳克湖地区，又会恢复体力和激情。1876年，特鲁多迁居到了荒野之地撒拉纳克湖畔。1884年，特鲁多用朋友捐赠的400多美元，创建了第一家专门的结核病疗养院“村舍疗养院”，在19世纪末期的美国，走在了结核病治疗和研究领域的前沿。特鲁多成了美国首位分离出结核杆菌的人。他创办了一所“结核病大学”，对病人生理和心理上的许多照料方法至今仍被沿用着。1915年，特鲁多死于结核病——毫无疑问，他比当时人们预计的要活得长得多。他被埋葬在撒拉纳克湖畔，墓碑上刻着的话，即是他一辈子行医生涯的座右铭。美国医生爱德华•特鲁多的墓志铭：ToCureSometimes,有时，去治愈；ToRelieveOften, 常常，去帮助；ToComfortAlways. 总是，去安慰。cure

vt

治好/治愈（疾病）tomakeanillnessormedicalconditiongoaway：Wecouldusecloningtocureillness.

治愈（病人）tomakesbwellagainafterhehasbeenill：Movingtothecountrycuredherofthedisease.

纠正；矫正；消除（弊病等）：Manybadhabitscanbeespeciallydifficulttocure.2015湖北

n[C]

治疗；痊愈：Preventionisbetterthancure.Hiscompletecurecan’tbeexpected.

疗法；药物：OnedayscientistswillfindacureforAIDS.

对策：acureforrisingpricescure语义网络图“治愈”疾病“治愈”人疗法；药物治疗；痊愈治愈cure基本义“治愈”坏习惯等对策vn治好/治愈（疾病）治愈（病人）纠正；矫正；消除（弊病等）award奥斯卡金像奖（Oscars），又名美国电影艺术与科学学院奖（AcademyAwards，中文简称学院奖），是美国历史最为悠久、最具权威性和专业性的电影类奖项，也是全世界最具影响力的电影类奖项。。award

n[C]奖；奖金；奖品；奖状：anawardof$10,000win/get/gain/obtain/receiveanaward“LifetimeAchievement”award2019全国Theawardforthisyear’sbestactresswenttoEmmaStone.reward

一指因工作、贡献等而得到的“回报”、“报酬”。二指因给警方提供帮助或帮助他人找回失物而得到的“赏金”。award

指因某种突出的成就而由官方颁发的奖赏或荣誉，可以是“奖(品)”、“奖状”、“奖金”等。award比reward更正式，toofficiallygivesbaprizeormoney。prize指因在某方面作出巨大的贡献或在竞赛、比赛中胜出而获得的“奖赏”、“奖品”。辨析：reward,award,prize

vt授予；给予；判给：awardsbsth/awardsthtosb:ANobelPrizewasawardedtoTuYouyouin2015.TheyawardedJohnthefirstprize./TheyawardedthefirstprizetoJohn.Thecourtawardeddamagesof$5,000totheinjuredman.hono(u)rhono(u)r

n

[U]

[常用单数][正式用语]荣幸；[U]

荣誉；[C]荣誉称号：Ifeelitagreathonourtobeinvited.Itismy/anhonor

to

beheretosharewithyoumyopinionsonwhattolearninseniorhighschool.2014江西书面表达改achieve/attain/gainhonourTheathletescompetedforthe

honouroftheircountries.ShewaschosenforthenationalhonourofTeacheroftheYear.

[U]尊敬；敬意

greatrespectandadmirationforsb/sth：holdsbinhonourWehadagreatpartytoshowhonourtothefamousscientist.

[U]正义感；道义thequalityofknowinganddoingwhatismorallyright：amanofhonouramatter/point/questionofhonour

[与不定冠词连用]光荣的人/事：She’sanhonourtoherfamilyandhercountry.havethehonourof(doing)sth：MayIhavethehonourofthisdance?inhonourofsb/insb’shonour：WecelebrateMother’sDayinhonourofourmothers.Aceremonywasheldinthosesoldiers’honour.

vt

使……感到荣幸；[正式用语]给予……荣誉：ShehasbeenhonouredwiththeStaroftheWeekforherexcellentwork.Twofirefightershavebeenhonouredfortheircourage.

向……表达敬意；尊重：Inamarriage,youneedtohonouroneanother.Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthosewhodiedintheterribledisaster.be/feelhonouredtodosth做某事感到荣幸：Iwashonouredtohavebeenmentionedinhisspeech.Ifeelveryhonouredtohavebeenabletotakeonthisrole.hono(u)rableadj

可敬的；光荣的：honorablemention2020山东honour的语义网络图荣幸；荣誉；荣誉称号光荣的人/事尊敬；敬意正义感；道义honour使……感到荣幸；给予……荣誉向……表达敬意；尊重nvrecognise

vt

［不用于进行时］认出；辨认出：Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithoutbeingrecognised.2014北京

（正式）承认；公认(acknowledge)：TheBritishrecognisedAmericaasanindependentstate.

ArthurMillerisuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestdramatistsofthe20thcentury.

2011山东

意识到afirmpromisethatsthwillbedoneorthatsthwillhappen：Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognisewhatsillymistakesIhadmade.

表扬；表彰：TheCanadianNationalInstitutefortheBlindrecognisedDorisLowforhergreatcontributions.

2014天津re-(again再、重新)+cogn(togettoknow认识)+-ise基本义recognitionn[U]❶

认出；认识；识别：face/speechrecognition

ThetownhaschangedbeyondallrecognitionsinceIwaslasthere.

❷［常用单数］承认；认可：seek

international/official/formalrecognitionThereisageneralrecognitionthatthestudytechniquesofmanystudentsareweak.❸

赞扬；表彰；嘉奖：Shehasbeenawardedwithmanyawardsinrecognitionofherservicestothesociety.

认出（基本义）recognise“认出”某事实并正式接受和公开内心“认出”或认清某个事实“认出”某事迹的重要性，并予以公开嘉奖意识到（正式）承认；公认表扬；表彰recognise&recognition

语义网络图程度递进“认出”某人或某物认出；辨认出recogniserecognition认出；认识；识别承认；认可赞扬；表彰；嘉奖

Nopain,nogain.gainv

vt（使）获得；赢得

togetorwinsth,especiallysththatiswantedorneeded：gainadegreeHerhonestygainedherthetrustofherteacher.

vt

&vi获（益）togetanadvantagefrom(doing)sth：gain

advantages

from

There’snothingtobegainedbylosingyourtemper.We

gainfromcuttingtreesbutwewillsuffermuchmorethanwewillbenefit.2009安徽gain较为正式

vt增加tograduallygetmoreofsth反lose：Ihavegained

alotofweight

recently.Theyoungpeoplegraduallygainconfidenceintheirabilities.

vt&vi（钟、表等走得）快反lose：Mywatchgains(by)severalminutesaday.gainground变得更强大/更成功/更有效；逼近gainn

[C]好处；利益；[U]利润：Theofficial’sillegalgainswillbeturnedintonationaltreasury.Hewilldoanythingforgain.

增加反loss：againinearningsRegularexerciseisthebestwayofpreventingweightgain.gain语义网络图“获得”某物钟表等“获得”时间“获得”益处“获得”体重、信心等（使）获得；赢得获（益）增加（钟、表等走得）快获得gain（基本义）好处；利益；利润增加vn写作高级用词，经常与抽象名词搭配使用：1.Weallgainedalotfromtheexperience.2.Theplanerapidlygainedheight.3.Wemanagedtogainentrythroughabackwindow.4.“Senseofgain”,whichmeansthepublicsharethefruitsofreformwithhappiness,gainspopularityrapidly.5.Nopain,nogain.创业start/setupabusinessestablish

abusinessestablishvt

建立；创立；设立(setup):establishcontact/arelationshipwithThecompanywasestablishedin1980.【辨析】establish公司、机构等（正式用语）setup

公司、机构等（日常用语）found公司、机构等（强调提供资金）open商店、餐馆、旅馆等（服务性质）establish/setup/foundacompany/group/clubestablish/setupacommittee/projectopenarestaurant/store

确立；立足；得到认可:By1909,PicassohadestablishedhimselfasapainterofgreattalentinParis.Bythe1920sthefilmindustrywaswellestablishedinHollywood,California.ThisnovelestablishedthereputationhestillenjoystodayasoneofAmerica’sgreatestwriters.►

establishedadj

已确立的；确定的：anestablishedfact分词形容词（表示动作已完成），如advanced,developed,learned等同族词*establish,*established,*establishment巴勃罗·毕加索（PabloPicasso，1881-1973），西班牙画家、雕塑家。是现代艺术的创始人，西方现代派绘画的主要代表，是当代西方最有创造性和影响最深远的艺术家之一。其代表作有《梦》（PortraitofD.M

），《和平鸽》（DoveofPeace），《亚威农少女》（Avignongirl）等。文化拓展文化拓展——Hollywood在第一次世界大战之前以及之后的一段时间内，格里菲斯和卓别林等一些电影大师们为美国电影赢得了世界名誉，华尔街的大财团插手电影业。好莱坞电影城由此迅速形成并兴起，电影产业恰恰适应了美国在这一时期的经济飞速发展的需要，电影也进一步纳入经济机制，成为谋取利润的一部分，资本的雄厚，影片产量的增多，保证了美国电影市场在世界上的倾销。洛杉矶郊外的小村庄最终成为一个庞大的电影城，好莱坞也在无形中成为美国电影的代名词。好莱坞（Hollywood）位于美国西海岸加利福尼亚州（StateofCalifornia）洛杉矶郊外，是一个依山傍水，景色宜人的地方。最早是由摄影师寻找外景地时发现的，大约在20世纪初，这里便吸引了许多拍摄者，而后是一些为了逃避专利公司控制的小公司和独立制片商们纷纷涌来，逐渐形成了一个电影中心。Hewhodoesnotadvancefallsbackward.不进则退。advance&advanced

vi（尤指士兵）前进；向前移动：Thearmyadvancedacrosstheplain.

vt&vi（使）进展；（使）进步：Wehaveadvancedgreatly/significantly/considerablyinourknowledgeoftheuniverse.Thisresearchhasdonemuchtoadvanceourunderstandingoflanguagelearning.advance

v

advance词源义：前进→基本义：前进

vt&vi（时间）提前；（价格）上涨；预支（钱）：ThedateofthemeetingwasadvancedfromJuly10toJuly1.Wearewillingtoadvancethemoneytoyou.

vt

促进；推动

(further)：Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareer.2020山东

vt［正式用语］提出：advanceanidea/atheory/aplan

n

[U]前进

[C]进步；进展：makegreatadvancestechnological/scientific/medicaladvances

[C][常用单数]预付款：paysba$500advanceinadvance(of)提前（于……）；预先（于……）；超前于：Thankyouinadvance.2013全国书面表达Whenstudentsweretoldmyruleinadvanceoftheclass,someofthemwerenothappy.2011

北京对应动词释义记忆名词释义位置“前进”科技、知识等“前进”时间“前进”价格“前进”支付“前进”（尤指士兵）前进；向前移动（使）进展；（使）进步（时间）提前（价格）上涨预支（钱）advance语义网络图前进advance

（基本义）advanced

adj

先进的；高级的verymodernandhighlydeveloped：

Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.

2015北京

（课程）高深的；高级的(ofacourseofstudy)atahighordifficultlevel:

OxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionary分词形容词ShewaseducatedatPekingUniversity,afterwhichshewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.发达国家a

__________(develop)country2.发展中国家a

__________(develop)country3.落叶__________(fall)leaves4.正在落下的树叶__________(fall)leaves5.先进技术__________(advance)technology6.白开水__________(boil)water7.沸水__________(boil)water8.学识渊博的人a__________(learn)man9.受过教育的孩子an__________(educate)childdevelopedadvancedfallenfallingdevelopingboiledboilinglearned将所填的分词形容词分类：表示动作已完成：表示动作正在进行：developed,fallen,advanced,boiled,learned,educateddeveloping,falling,boilingeducated

（尤指士兵）前进；向前移动

（使）进展；（使)进步

（时间）提前；（价格）上涨；预支（钱）

前进

进步；进展

预付款vnadj预先的advancedadj先进的；高级的（课程）高深的；高等的释义归纳随堂检测写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Thereisnoeffectivecureforcoldsexceptrest. ___________2.WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.___________3.Hetriedtocurehischildofthehabit. ___________4.Thedoctorsstucktotheirresearchuntiltheydiscoveredhowtocurethedisease. ___________5.Whatisthecurefortheplight（困境）ofthehomeless? ___________cure疗法矫正痊愈治疗疾病摆脱困境的对策award一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrizeonFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.(2018全国) ________2.HereceivedaGrammyLifetimeAchievementAward

in1996.(2013重庆) ________3.Thevirtualchoirwastheideaofaward-winningcomposerandconductorEricWhitacre. ________二、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。1.Hewasnominated

(提名)for____________________________

(最佳男演员奖).2.Learningthathe_______________________________

(因……获奖)hisalbum,thecomposerfeltveryproudofhimself.

(2008上海改)奖获奖的终身成就奖wasawarded/wonanawardforthebestactorawardhonour一、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Earlierthisyear,I________________（有幸）meetingthePresident.2.Apartywillbeheld________________（为向……表示敬意）theprince.二、根据所给词块或提示，将下列句子译成英语。1.我们为我们国家的荣誉而战。Wefought________________________ourcountry.2.大驾光临，深感荣幸。(itisone’s/anhonourtodosth)__________________________________________forthehonourofItismy/an/agreathonourtohaveyouhere.hadthehonourofinhonourof一、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。1.Theactorisusedto______________________(recognise)inthestreet.2.Havingproblemswithfacial______________(recognise)isinawayknownasfaceblindness.二、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。1.IcangototheairportandmeetProfessorSmithforyou.______________________（我怎样才能认出他来）?（2009陕西改）2.Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturythathismusicalgift______________________（得到充分的肯定）.（2015重庆）3.Thecityhasbeenbuiltupreallyfast;it’s___________________________（已经变得认不出来了）.beingrecognisedrecognitionrecognise&recognitionHowcanIrecognisehim

wasfully

recognisedchangedbeyondrecognition三、翻译下面各句中画线的部分。1.Whileweareconfidentinourselves,weshouldrecognisestrengthsinothersandshowrespectforthem.（2008北京改） ________________2.Oneoftheprocesses（过程）ofgrowingupisbeingabletorecogniseandovercomeourfears. ________________3.ThemanfromCroatiawasofficiallyrecognised

asthenewrecordholderbyGuinnessWorldRecordsafterhemanagedtoputon245differentT-shirtsinlessthantwohours.（2012浙江） ________________4.ShesuggestedthatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthatpracticeinspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.（2014江苏） ________________认识到

/承认别人的优点

承认并克服我们的恐惧官方认可

/承认

认可

/肯定gain一、用gain把下列汉语译成英语。1.获得信心

__________________________2.获得广泛的支持

__________________________3.我的表快两分钟。

__________________________4.最近我胖了。 __________________________二、将下列各句中的画线部分或句子译成汉语。1.AsAmericanfastfoodgainsacceptance

inFrance,moreandmoreFrenchchildrenareoverweight.（2014陕西改） _______________2.Igainedstrength

everytimeIsaid,“Yes,I’lltrythat.”（2011天津）

_______________gainconfidenceI’vegainedweightrecently.gainpopularsupportMywatchgains(by)twominutes.得到认可/被接受获得力量三、将下列短语和句子译成汉语。1.gainaccesstothebuilding_____________________2.Whynotgiveitago?Youhavenothingtoloseandeverythingtogain._________________________________________3.Weallgainedalotfrom