2024届高考英语一轮总复习练案28选修6Unit3Ahealthylife练习含解析新人教版

2024届高考英语一轮总复习练案28选修6Unit3Ahealthylife练习含解析新人教版选修六Unit3AhealthylifeⅠ.阅读理解A(2023·河南省洛阳市尖子生第一次联考)BOXTEL,Netherlands—chickensroamtheorchards,cowschewthecudandpigsrollinthemudonawarmdayonaDutchfarm—butthepastoral(乡村生活的)sceneisnotastraditionalasitseems.Thefarmisownedandrunbyacooperativeofhundredsoflocalconsumersandaimstochangehabitsinalow-lyingcountryengagedinanexistentialfightagainstclimatechange.Nearly200familiesdecidewhatthefarmwillproduce—andtheywilleventuallyeat—andemployafarmertotendtotheanimalsformeatandeggsandgrowthedozenkindsoffruitsandvegetables.“Themainaimofthemembersistoeatnaturalproducts,producedneartowheretheylive,inamoresustainable(可持续的)way，”saidDouweKorting,co-leaderoftheBoxtelCooperative,inthesouthernNetherlands.“Peoplearereallystartingtoseethatachangetowardadifferentwayofeatingisessential，”headded.Itcosts2,000euros($2,200)tojointhecollective(集体的)farm,whichis10minutesbybicyclefromthetown,andthenaweeklyfeeofaround10eurosperperson.Inreturn,membersreceivethefoodtheywantandstresstheimportanceofknowingwhattheyeatislocalandseasonal.ThecooperativeisknownasHerenboderderijorPeople'sFarming,andtheguidingprincipleisthateverythingcentersontheneedsandrichesofnature,evenwhiletheyareusingnewtechnologies.Soonarobotwillbeusedtosensewhenthefruitisripe,aswellasadrone(无人遥控飞机)thatwillsurveythefieldstosupportandreducetheneedsformanpower.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一种新型农场，该农场的创立是为了改变人们的饮食习惯，使人们以一种更加可持续发展的方式生活。1.Whydidthefamiliesstartthefarm？BA．Toreducethecostoffood.B．Toimprovetheireatinghabits.C．Toreplacetheoldtradition.D．Toprovidemorechancesforexercise.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“Thefarm...aimstochangehabits”和第三段第一句中的“Themainaimofthemembersistoeatnaturalproducts”可知，这些家庭创建这个农场是为了改进饮食习惯。故选B。2．Whatwilltheemployedfarmerdo？DA．Decidewhattoproduceandeatwhattheygrow.B．Workonthefarmwithhighpay.C．Ownandoperatethefarminamoreeffectiveway.D．Feedtheanimalsandgrowfruitsandvegetables.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“employafarmertotendtotheanimalsformeatandeggsandgrowthedozenkindsoffruitsandvegetables”可知，雇用的这个农民要照顾动物，并且种植水果和蔬菜。故选D。3.Whatdothefarmownersexpectofthefarm？AA．It'llprovidenaturalproducts.B．It'llbecontrolledbynewtechnologies.C．It'llcosteveryoneabout10euroseachmonth.D．It'llencouragepeopletolovenature.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Themainaimofthemembersistoeatnaturalproducts”和倒数第二段的内容可知，农场成员希望这个农场能提供天然的产品。故选A。4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom？DA．Adiary. B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel. D．Anewspaper.解析：文章出处题。根据文章开头的“BOXTEL，Netherlands”可知，本文应是出自新闻报道，且根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种新型农场，与社会生活密切相关，故选D项。B(2021·浙江省十校联盟联考)Itisnosecretthatphysicalactivityisnecessarytoaperson'swell-being.Becausechildrenarecontinuouslydevelopingphysicallyandemotionally,theyareespeciallyaffectedbythebenefitsofactivity.FormerFirstLadyMichelleObama'sLet'sMoveinitiativereportsthatnearlyone-thirdofUSchildrenareoverweightorobese,andthat“schoolsareakeysettingforkidstogettheir60minutesofplaywithmoderateactivity,giventhesignificantportion(部分)oftimetheyspendthere.”Physicaleducationprogramsinschoolsdirectlybenefitstudents'physicalhealth.Regularexercisepromotesmusclesandbonedevelopment.Inadditiontoparticipatinginphysicalactivity,studentsinP．E.learnthefundamentalsofahealthfullifestyle,thebuildingblocksuponwhichtheycandevelopintohealthy,knowledgeableadults.ThoughthelackofattentiononP．E.isoftenjustifiedasanopportunitytospendmoretimeintheclassroom,studiesshowthatphysicalactivitycontributestoimprovingacademicperformance.Regularactivityduringtheschooldayisstronglyassociatedwithhigherconcentrationlevels.AstatewidepolicyinNorthCarolinarequiresthatchildrenfromkindergartentoeighthgradeparticipatein30minutesofphysicalactivityeachday.ActivitiesinP．E.helpchildrendevelophealthfulsocialinteractions.Fromayoungage,childrenlearncooperationthroughgroupactivitiesandformapositivesenseofidentityaspartofateam.Suchgroupactivitiesarecontinuallyimportantaschildrengrowolder.TheInternationalPlatformonSportandDevelopmentstatesthatsporthasbeenusedasapracticaltooltoengageyoungpeopleintheircommunitiesthroughvolunteering,resultinginhigherlevelsofleadershipandcommunityengagementamongyoungpeople.ThebenefitsofP．E.toachild'smentalhealtharebothcomplexandcomprehensive.Improvedphysicalhealth,academicsandsocialinteractionsallcontributetogoodmentalhealth.Physicalactivitysetsthestageforagoodnight'ssleep,providesmoreenergytoparticipateinhobbiesandinteractwithothers.文章大意：这是一篇议论文。文章论述的是“体育活动对一个人的健康是必要的”。5．ThefirstparagraphimpliesthatD.A．childrenarebecomingmuchlaziernowadaysB．someschoolshaveforbiddenphysicalactivityC．mostparentsaredissatisfiedwithschooleducationD．schoolsmustpaymoreattentiontophysicaleducation解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Itisnosecretthatphysicalactivityisnecessarytoaperson'swell-being.”众所周知，体育活动对一个人的健康是必要的。可知，第一段暗示学校必须更加重视体育教育。故选D项。6．PhysicaleducationisignoredinawaybecauseC.A．childrendisliketakingphysicalactivityB．schoolsareworriedaboutchildren'ssafetyC．studentsshouldhavemoretimeforstudyD．lesssportingequipmentisavailabletoschoolchildren解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“ThoughthelackofattentiononP．E.isoftenjustifiedasanopportunitytospendmoretimeintheclassroom,studiesshowthatphysicalactivitycontributestoimprovedacademicperformance.”虽然缺乏对体育的关注通常被认为是在课堂上花更多时间的机会，但研究表明，体育活动有助于提高学习成绩。可知，体育在某种程度上被忽视了，因为学生应该有更多的时间学习。故选C项。7.WhichisNOTabenefitofP．E.classes？AA．Theyassureyouofasuccessfulfuture.B．Theykeepyourmindinagoodstate.C．Theyhelpyoufocusonyourstudies.D．Theydogoodtoyoursocialskills.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“ActivitiesinP．E.helpchildrendevelophealthfulsocialinteractions.”和最后一段中“Improvedphysicalhealth,academicsandsocialinteractionsallcontributetogoodmentalhealth.”可知，B、C、D三项都是体育课的益处。故选A项。8．Whatistheauthor'spossibleattitudetowardsthepolicyinNorthCarolina？BA．Sceptical. B．Favorable.C．Ambiguous. D．Objective.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Physicaleducationprogramsinschoolsdirectlybenefitstudents'physicalhealth.Regularexercisepromotesmusclesandbonedevelopment.”学校的体育项目直接有利于学生的身体健康。有规律的运动促进肌肉和骨骼的发育。可知，作者对北卡罗来纳州的政策可能持赞成的态度。故选B项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2023·太原市三模)Notlongago,nooneunderstoodthatinfectiousdiseaseswerecausedbytinyorganismsthatmovedfrompersontoperson.Evennow,althoughweknowthattinylivingmicrobescausedisease,howtheydosoisnotalwaysobvious.1.F.Theycanalsobetransmittedthroughourskinthroughinsectoranimalbites.Thebestwaytopreventinfectionsistoblockpathogens(致病菌)fromenteringthebody.Thefirstlineofdefenseistokeepgermsatbaybyfollowinggoodpersonalhealthhabits.Washyourhandswell.Youprobablywashyourhandsafterusingthebathroom,beforepreparingoreatingfood,andaftergardeningorotherdirtytasks.2.G.Wetyourhandsthoroughly.Lather(产生泡沫)upwithsoaporcleanser,andrubitintothepalmsandbacksofyourhandsandyourwrists.Besuretocleanyourfingertips,underyournailsandbetweenyourfingers.Washunderrunningwater.3.A.Whetheryouareyoungoryoungatheart,gettingvaccinated(接种疫苗)isanessentialpartofstayinghealthy.4.Csuchasatemporarilysorearmorlowfever,theyaregenerallysafeandeffective.Vaccinationsareessentialifyouaretoavoidgettingsick.Ingeneral,childrenshouldreceivetherecommendedchildhoodvaccinations.Adultsshouldmakesuretheirvaccinationsareuptodate.Whentravelingabroad,checkwithyourhealthcareprovideraboutadditionalimmunizations.5.B.Stayclearofwildanimals.Manywildanimalsincludingbats,foxesandcoyotes,canspreadthevirustohumansbybiting.Keepyourpetsawayfromwildanimals,too.Dogs,catsoranyothertypeofwarm-bloodedanimalcanpickupthevirusandpassthevirusalongtopeople.A.DryyourhandsandwriststhoroughlyB．UseanimalcontroltopreventinfectionsC．WhilevaccinesmaycausesomecommonsideeffectsD．AlthoughvaccinescannotpreventsomerarediseasesE．OtherwildanimalscannottransmitthevirusandotherinfectionsF．WedoknowthatmostmicrobesenterthroughopeningsinthebodyG．Youshouldalsowashupafterblowingyournose,coughing,orsneezing文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。传染病是由微小的有机物引起的、可以在人与人之间传播的一种疾病。我们应该采用有效的措施去阻止病毒进入人体——勤洗手、接种疫苗、采用动物管理措施。解析：1．本空是一个过渡句。根据空后一句“Theycanalsobetransmittedthroughourskinthroughinsectoranimalbites.”可知，空处讲到的应该是微生物进入人体的方式之一。故F项符合语境。2．本空是一个过渡句。根据空前一句“Youprobablywashyourhandsafterusingthebathroom,beforepreparingoreatingfood,andaftergardeningorotherdirtytasks.”和后一句“Wetyourhandsthoroughly.”可知，空处讲到的应该也是需要洗手的情况。故G项符合语境。3．本空是一个段尾句。根据空前两句“Besuretocleanyourfingertips,underyournailsandbetweenyourfingers.Washunderrunningwater.”可知，空处讲到的是洗手流程的最后一步。所以A项符合语境。4．本空是一个过渡句。分析句子结构可知，空处需要一个从句，因此C、D选项符合要求，再结合“suchasatemporarilysorearmorlowfever”可知，空处讲到的应该是接种疫苗可能产生的副作用。故C项符合语境。5．本空是一个中心句。综合本段内容可知，本段主要讲到的是动物管理方面的话题。所以B项适合作本段的中心句。Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·河南省南阳市一中月考)Upto82percentofchildrenwithhealthymothersarenoteasytobeobese(肥胖的),accordingtoresearch.Amother,1.whohasahealthyweight,exercisesregularly,eatsahealthydiet,doesn'tsmokeandonly2.drinks(drink)wineinmoderation,issignificantlylesslikely3.tohave(have)afatchild,scientistssay.Andresearchsuggestsitcouldbemoretodowithnurture(养育)4.thannature,asamother'slifestyleappears5.directly(direct)linkedtothehealthofherchild.Whenbothmotherandchildfollowahealthylifestyle,theriskofobesity6.isreduced(reduce)evenmore,thestudyofmorethan24,000childrenfound.Thestudyexaminedthemedicalhistoryandlifestylesofmorethan24,000childrenagednine7.tofourteen,borntoalmost17,000womenintheUS.Researcherslookedatthelinkbetweenoverallmotherhealthandlikelihoodofachild8.being(be)obese.Themother'shealthwasjudgedonherheight-to-weightratio(比例),herdiet,amountofphysical9.activity(active),smokingstatusandhowmuchalcoholshedrank.Ahealthyweightanddiet,regularexercise,nosmokingandmoderatedrinkingallreducethechanceofawomanhaving10.anobesechild.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了研究发现健康的体重和饮食，定期锻炼，不吸烟以及适度饮酒都能降低女性生肥胖孩子的概率。解析：1.考查定语从句。句意：专家称，一个体重正常、经常锻炼、饮食健康、不吸烟、适量饮酒的母亲生出肥胖孩子的可能性要小得多。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词为mother，指人，关系词在从句中作主语。故填who。2．考查主谓一致和时态。句意参考上题解析。此处与has，exercises和eats等作并列谓语，时态为一般现在时，应该用第三人称单数形式。故填drinks。3．考查不定式。句意参考第1题解析。belikelytodo表示“可能做某事”。故填tohave。4．考查连词。句意：研究表明，这可能更多地与后天因素有关，而不是先天因素，因为母亲的生活方式似乎与孩子的健康直接相关。根据前面的“more”判断此处用than表示比较。故填than。5．考查副词。句意参考上题解析。修饰linked用副词。故填directly。6．考查时态和语态。句意：这项对24000名儿童进行的研究发现，当母亲和孩子都遵循健康的生活方式时，肥胖的风险甚至会降低更多。描述的是客观事实，theriskofobesity与reduce之间是被动关系，应该用一般现在时的被动语态。故填isreduced。7．考查介词。这项研究调查了美国近17000名妇女所生24000多名9到14岁的儿童的病史和生活方式。to表示“从……到……”。故填to。8．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员研究了母亲的整体健康状况与孩子肥胖的可能性之间的关系。此处为动名词的复合结构作介词of的宾语。其中child是逻辑主语，动名词短语beingobese是逻辑谓语。故填being。9．考查名词。句意：母亲的健康状况由身高体重比、饮食、运动量、吸烟情况和饮酒量等因素决定。此处的运动表示抽象意义，为不可数名词。故填activity。10．考查冠词。句意：健康体重和饮食，定期锻炼，不吸烟以及适度饮酒都能降低女性生一个肥胖孩子的概率。此处泛指一个肥胖的孩子，obese以元音音素开头。故填不定冠词an。Ⅳ.短文改错(2021·河南省南阳市一中月考)Smokingiswidespreadhabitevenamongteenagestudents.Thenumberofyoungsmokersareincreasing.Itisestimatedthatover10%oftheseniorhighschoolstudentshavetriedsmokingonceormoreandsomeofthemevenstealmoneyfromtheirparenttobuycigarettes,thatisterrible.Asitisknowntoall,smokingisharmfulforhealth.Andit'sevenmoreharmfultoteenagestudentsforitdoesgreatlyharmnotonlytotheirhealthbutalsototheirmind.Teenagestudentsarefuturebuildersofthecountry.Theyshouldspendtheirtimelearnwhatisusefulbutkeepahealthylifestyleaswell.Soit'shightimethatteenagesmokersmakeuptheirmindstogiveupsmoking.答案：Smokingiseq\o(∧,\s\do8(a))widespreadhabitevenamongteenagestudents.Thenumberofyoungsmokerseq\o(are,\s\do8(is))increasing.Itisestimatedthatover10%oftheseniorhighschoolstudentshavetriedsmokingonceormoreandsomeofthemevenstealmoneyfromtheireq\o(parent,\s\do8(parents))tobuycigarettes,eq\o(that,\s\do8(which))isterrible.Asitisknowntoall,smokingisharmfuleq\o(for,\s\do8(to))health.Andit'sevenmoreharmfultoteenagestudentsforitdoeseq\o(greatly,\s\do8(great))harmnotonlytotheirhealthbutalsototheirmind.Teenagestudentsarefuturebuildersofthecountry.Theyshouldspendtheirtimeeq\o(learn,\s\do8(learning))whatisusefuleq\o(but,\s\do8(and))keepahealthylifestyleaswell.Soit'shightimethatteenagesmokerseq\o(make,\s\do8(made或前加should))uptheirmindstogiveupsmoking.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文，介绍了吸烟对年轻学生的危害，不仅会伤害年轻人的健康，而且还会伤害他们的思想，呼吁年轻学生戒烟。解析：1．考查不定冠词。句意：吸烟是一个甚至在年轻学生中也广泛传播的习惯。表示抽烟是一个习惯，句中名词habit是单数可数名词，所以要使用不定冠词泛指一个习惯。故要在is后面加a。2．考查主谓一致。句意：年轻吸烟者的数量一直在上升。名词短语thenumberof...意为“……的数量”，其后谓语动词应该用单数形式。所以要把are改为is。3．考查名词复数形式。句意：一些高中生甚至从他们父母亲那里偷钱买烟。句中their可知，后面要接可数名词复数形式，这里应该用复数形式parents。所以要把parent改为parents。4．考查定语从句。句意：一些高中生甚至从他们父母亲那里偷钱买烟，这真是太糟糕了。我们不能用that引导非限定性定语从句，应该用which指代一句话的内容，引导非限制性定语从句。所以要把that改为which。5．考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，吸烟有害健康。本句是一个由as引导的非限定性定语从句，as指代后面的主句，it多余。所以要删除it。6．考查固定短语。句意：众所周知，吸烟有害健康。固定搭配beharmfulto意为“对……有害”。所以要把for改为to。7．考查形容词。句意：吸烟对年轻学生更加有害，因为它不仅极大的伤害他们的健康，还伤害了他们的思维。在英语中通常使用形容词做定语修饰名词。所以本句中用形容词形式great修饰限定名词harm。故要把greatly改为great。8．考查固定句型。句意：他们应该把时间花在学习有用的知识和保持健康的生活方式上。考查了spendsometimedoingsth.这一固定句式结构。所有要把learn改为learning。9．考查连词。句意：他们应该把时间花在学习有用的知识和保持健康的生活方式上。根据句意可知本句表示并列关系，此处用and连接两个并列谓语。所以要把but改为and。10．考查虚拟语气。句意：所以是年轻人下定决心戒烟的时候了。该句应该使用虚拟语气，其结构为：Itis(high)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.，所以要把make改为made或在make前加should。选修六Unit4GlobalwarmingⅠ.完形填空(2023·河南省南阳市一中月考)“What'sallthistree-plantingfor？”IwasaskedwhenIbeganwritingabout1.BapieceoflandIhadboughtinSomerset.Thetruthis,Ijustlovetrees.AndIamnot2.C.AsIgetolder,allIreally3.Distoplanttrees,PrinceCharlessaysinaBBCdocumentaryinwhichheis4.AinthewoodheplantedonthedayPrinceGeorgewasborn.Thereare5.Candwonderfultreesinourcitiesandvillages.Theywereplanted,orself-sown,years,evencenturiesago.Wetakethemforgranted,6.Cthecreatureslivingamongthem,remaininignoranceofthe7.Btreesaredoingus(cleaningtheair,forinstance)andcutthemdownfornew8.A.Yetwekeepafeelingof9.Dforthem.Thismayaccountforthe10.Bthegovernmentfacedin2010whenitsoughttoselloffpubliclyownedwoods,andforthewidesupportthattheWoodlandTrust(atree-protectingcharity)11.A.Treesneed12.A，whichiswhyI,acity-resident,boughtmySomersetwoodlandin1999.Atthattime,climatechangewasalreadywellproved,13.Dmyhopesofplantinglong-livedoaksandpinesgraduallydevelopedintoanxietyabouttheir14.B.TreediseasesnewtotheUK,wind,droughtandfloodwereall15.Aagainstthem.ButIdidnot16.Dthingstomovesofast.Thewoodlandisstillgood,thenewtreesaregrowinglikemad,butthecreaturesare17.C.Therabbitshavedisappearedandtheowlhasmoved.Thebeesandbutterfliesare18.Btherebutinsmallernumbers.Howcanthishappenonland19.Cpesticides(杀虫剂)？Surely,itindicatesweneedtogivenaturethechancetorestoreitsown20.D.Meanwhile,Ilovemywood,andsodomanyofitsvisitors.Andtree-plantinghasdonewondersforrestoringmybalancetownandcountry.文章大意：这是一篇议论文。作者写树木给人带来的好处，和自己买下一块萨默塞特林地种树，种树的目的就是维持人与自然的平衡。1.A．replacing B．restoringC．recycling D．returning解析：句意：当我写我在恢复萨默塞特购买的那片土地时，我被问道：种这些树是为了什么？replacing替代；restoring恢复；recycling回收利用；returning归还。根据最后一句“Andtree-plantinghasdonewondersforrestoringmybalancetownandcountry，”得知作者种树是为了恢复土地，故选B。2．A.rich B．weakC．alone D．social解析：句意：不是只有我一个人有这种想法。rich富有的；weak虚弱的；alone独自的；social社会的。空格后引用了PrinceCharles的话“我开始变老，我所想的就是种树”，可见他与作者有相同的观点，因而作者说自己notalone。故选C。3．A.applyfor B．waitforC．makefor D．longfor解析：句意：随着年龄增长，我唯一渴望的就是种树。applyfor申请；waitfor等待；makefor有助于；longfor渴望。作者唯一渴望的就是种树，故选D。4．A.filmed B．trackedC．reflected D．discovered解析：句意：PrinceCharles在他参演的BBC纪录片里面说到“我开始变老。我所想的就是种树”。filmed拍摄；tracked追踪；reflected反射；discovered发现。根据documentary(纪录片)可知选filmed。故选A。5．A.holy B．youngC．mature D．mysterious解析：句意：这有成熟美丽的大树。holy神圣的；young年轻的；mature成熟的；mysterious神秘的。空格后面一句写到这些树被种或者自己成长在几年以前或者是几个世纪前，因而推测出我们村庄的这些树是成熟的(mature)，故选C。6．A.raise B．watchC．ignore D．abuse解析：句意：我们认为这些树是理所当然的，忽视了生活在其中的其他生物，忽视了树给我们带来的净化空气等等的好处，砍下树木另作他用。raise上升；watch看；ignore忽略；abuse滥用。空格后有ignorance，所以这里选择ignore。故选C。7．A.honor B．goodC．credit D．justice解析：句意：忽视了树给我们带来的净化空气等等的好处，砍下树木另作他用。honor荣誉；good好处；credit信用；justice正义。空格后有cleantheair(净化空气)等好处，所以选择good赞扬树木。故选B。8．A.use B．spiritC．life D．hope解析：句意：忽视了生活在其中的其他生物，忽视了树给我们带来的净化空气等等的好处砍下树木另作他用。use用途；spirit精神；life生活；hope希望。人们忽视树木的好处，为了新的用途而砍树，故选A。9．A.trust B．sadnessC．betrayal D．affection解析：句意：我们对树木有喜爱之情。trust信任；sadness悲伤；betrayal背叛；affection喜爱。根据上文yet表示转折，上文写我们忽视了树木给我们带来的好处，砍伐他们，然而我们内心对树木还是有喜爱之情的。故选D。10．A.approval B．oppositionC．option D．dilemma解析：句意：这可以解释政府在2010年试图卖掉公有树木时遭遇了反对，因为获得了广泛的支持。approval支持；opposition反对；option选择；dilemma困境。WoodlandTrust(树木保护组织)获胜了。上文是公众喜爱树木，所以应该是反对政府卖树的。故选B。11．A.wins B．rejectsC．requires D．withdraws解析：句意：树木保护组织赢了。wins赢；rejects拒绝；requires要求；withdraws撤退。因为获得了widesupport，所以WoodlandTrust(树木保护组织)赢了。故选A。12．A.space B．timeC．company D．nutrition解析：句意：树木生长需要空间。space空间；time时间；company公司；nutrition营养。我在1999年买下萨默塞特林地的原因是树木需要空间。故选A。13．A.since B．forC．yet D．so解析：句意：当时，气候变化已经得到了很好的证明，所以我种植长寿橡树和松树的希望逐渐变成了焦虑。前后是因果关系。故选D。14．A.benefits B．chancesC．location D．appearance解析：句意：当时，气候变化已经得到了很好的证明，所以我种植长寿橡树和松树的希望逐渐变成了焦虑。benefits益处；chances机会；location位置；appearance外表。气候变化已被证实，所以我对树木是否有生长机会的忧虑。故选B。15．A.pilingup B．speedingupC．keepingup D．mixingup解析：句意：狂风、干旱、洪水共同抵抗他们。pilingup堆积；speedingup加速；keepingup保持；mixingup混合。这里讲到影响树木生长的阻碍。故选A。16．A.wish B．intendC．allow D．expect解析：句意：但是我没预料到事态发展地如此之快。wish祈求；intend打算；allow允许；expect期待；预料。因为林地目前很好，但新树苗在疯长。故选D。17．A.inplace B．inorderC．indecline D．inquestion解析：句意：生物的数量在减少。inplace适当的；inorder整齐；indecline下降；inquestion考虑中的。上文提到树木在疯长，用but转折可知creatures的数量应该在减少(indecline)。故选C。18．A.even B．stillC．ever D．once解析：句意：蜜蜂和蝴蝶仍然有，但是数量减少了。根据减少得知前面是虽然仍然存在。故选B。19．A.shortof B．sickofC．freeof D．fullof解析：句意：我们如何让这片土地上的生物摆脱杀虫剂呢？shortof缺乏；sickof厌恶；freeof摆脱；fullof充满。杀虫剂阻碍生物生长，要摆脱它们。故选C。20．A.glory B．functionC．impact D．balance解析：句意：我们要给自然机会去维持自身的均衡。glory荣誉；function功能；impact影响；balance平衡。我们要给自然机会去维持自身的均衡，和最后一句restoremybalance呼应。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读理解(2021·河南省九师联盟质检)AsspringadvancesacrosstheMidwest,anewstudylookingatblooming(盛开的)flowerssuggestsnon-nativeplantsmightlivelongerthannativeplantsduetoclimatechange.Thestudy—ledbyresearchersatIndianaUniversityandMichiganStateUniversity—hasshownwarmingtemperaturesaffectnativeandnon-nativefloweringplantsdifferently,whichcouldchangethelookoflocalplaceovertime.“Whenaplantflowersdetermineswhetheritwillbepollinated(授粉)bybeesorotherinsectsandhowmuchtimeitwillhavetoproduceseeds.Ourdatamakesmeworrythatwewillhaveaveryweedyworldinourfuture,”saidthestudy'sleadauthorJenLau,anassociateprofessorinIndianaUniversity.Theresearchers'findingssuggestnon-nativeplantsmaybebetteratshiftingtheirfloweringtimecomparedtonativeplants.Thesedifferencesarethoughttoinfluenceaplant'ssuccessbothnowandinfuturewarmerenvironments.Lauandherstudentssimulated(模拟)globalwarminginfieldsplantedwith45nativeandnon-nativeplants.Someareaswerewarmedbyinfrared(红外线的)heaters,whileotherareaswerenot.Lau'slabsurveyedallplantstodeterminewhentheyfirstfloweredandhowlongtheyflowered.WhenplantsweregrowninwarmedplotssimulatingtheclimatechangeexpectedintheMidwestbytheendofthecentury,theresearchersfoundthatnon-nativeplantsfloweredmorethan11daysearlieronaverage.Incontrast,nativeplantsdidn'tchangefloweringtimesatallwhenwarmed.Theyalsofoundearlier-floweringnon-nativeplantshadgreatergeographicspread,suggestingthatfloweringearliermayhelppromotesuccessfuloccupationacrosslargeareas.Thefindingssuggestimportantdifferencesinhownativeandnon-nativeplantsrespondtoclimatechange.文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文。一项新的研究发现，本土植物比非本土植物更易受气候变化的影响。1．Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutnativeplantscomparedwithnon-natives？DA．Theymayhavealongerlifecycle.B．Theyarelikelytohavemoreflowers.C．Theyaremoreadaptabletoclimatechange.D．Theymaybeatgreaterriskfromclimatechange.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“...anewstudylookingatblooming(盛开的)flowerssuggestsnon-nativeplantsmightlivelongerthannativeplantsduetoclimatechange.”可知，跟非本土植物相比，气候变化给本土植物带来的危险更大。2．WhatdoJenLau'swordsinparagraph2suggest？CA．She'squitesurethataweedyworldiswaitingforus.B．Plantsmaylosetheabilitytoflowerinthefuture.C．Thetimingofaplant'sfloweringiskeytoitslifecycle.D．Aplant'sfloweringtimealmosthasnoeffectonitspollination.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“‘Whenaplantflowersdetermineswhetheritwillbepollinated(授粉)bybeesorotherinsectsandhowmuchtimeitwillhavetoproduceseeds.’”可知，植物的开花时间决定了它是否会被蜜蜂授粉以及它将有多少时间来产生种子。由此可推断，植物的开花时间是它生命周期的关键。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shifting”inparagraph3probablymean？AA．Changing. B．Postponing.C．Arranging. D．Predicting.解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句子句意表示“研究人员的发现表明非本土植物可能比本土植物更擅长它们的开花时间”，再根据第五段“...theresearchersfoundthatnon-nativeplantsfloweredmorethan11daysearlieronaverage.Incontrast,nativeplantsdidn'tchangefloweringtimesatallwhenwarmed.”可推断，画线词义为“改变”。4．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout？BA．Howglobalwarmingaffectedplantspecies.B．Howtheresearcherstestedtheirsupposition.C．Howtokeepthewarmthoftheplantedfields.D．Howtodeterminethefloweringtimesofplants.解析：段落大意题。根据第三段“Thesedifferencesarethoughttoinfluenceaplant'ssuccessbothnowandinfuturewarmerenvironments.”及第四段中提到“模拟全球变暖”和“用红外线加热器”等可推断，第四段主要讲述的是研究人员是如何测试他们的假设的。Ⅲ.阅读七选五(2021·四川省天府名校联考)Isourplanetheatingup?Arehumanbeingstoblameforclimatechange?1.GThediscussiononthissubjecthasbeenheated,butwhatarescientistsactuallysaying?AtReader'sDigest,wedecidedtofinditout.2.BYes,ithas,andevenwarmer.Greenlandwasforestedbetween450,000and800,000yearsago,sotemperatureswereconsiderablywarmerthen.Therehavealsobeenothertimesofrelativelyhightemperatures.Sowhydoestheconcernexist?It'sallaboutthespeedatwhichtemperaturesarechanging.3.EButinthe20thand21stcenturies,especiallysince1976,temperatureshaveprobablyrisenmorequicklythanduringanycenturyinthepast1,000years.WarmingmaybringimprovedcropproductionandotherbenefitstonortherncountriessuchasCanadaorRussia.However,manyspeciesmaynotadapttotheseconditions,andtheonethatisabletomaycauseaproblem.4.FTheWestNilevirus,firstseeninNorthAmericanineyearsago,infectedabout4,000peopleintheUSin2006.Themountainpinebeetle,whichisactiveduringwarmerwinters,hasalreadydestroyedabout13millionhectaresofCanada'sforests,worthanestimated$6.4billion.Whatiscausingthewarming?IPCChasconcludedthathumanactivityisverylikelyresponsible,byincreasingtheconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesandthusthegreenhouseeffect.5.ATheyarguethehumancontributionisnothing.A．Somescientists,however,stilldisagree.B．Hastheplaneteverbeenthiswarmbefore?C．Hashumanbehaviormadetheplanetwarm?D．Temperatureshavebeenchangingallthetime.E．Inthepast,temperaturesmovedupordowngradually.F．Mosquitoeshavebeenmovingnorthwardstohigherplaces.G．Thesequestionshaveburstintonewspapers,filmsandpopularbooks.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是科学家关注引起气候变暖的真正原因，及对该问题的讨论。解析：1．根据前文提出的两个问题可知，G选项中的thesequestions指代前文的两个问题；再根据下文可知，关于“气候变暖”的问题讨论一直很热烈，G选项中提到“气候变暖这些问题在报纸、电影和书籍中都提到过。”，由此可知，G选项能承接上下文。故选G。2．根据下文的“Yes,ithas,andevenwarmer”．(是的，有，而且更暖和。)，可知此句是答语，由ithas也可推知，问句的部分包含has助动词，B项符合这个要求，且语义(地球以前有过这么温暖吗？)承接下文。故选B。3．根据上下文可知，此处强调的是气候的变化，且E选项中的temperatures和上下文呼应，且语境承接上下文。故选E。4．根据前文的“manyspecies”(许多物种)可知，此处用“Mosquitoes”进行举例说明，因为一些物种无法适应这种环境，所以蚊子向北移到较高的地方。故F项承接上文，故选F。5．根据上下文可知，政府间气候变化专门委员会得出结论，人类活动很可能是罪魁祸首，因为人类活动增加了温室气体的浓度，从而造成了温室效应。然而，一些科学家仍然不同意。他们认为人类的贡献微不足道。故A项承接上下文，且呼应本文主题。故选A。Ⅳ.语法填空(2023·潍坊市6月模拟)Earlier2019,theInternationalCentreforIntegratedMountainDevelopmentpublished1.themostcomprehensiveanalysisuptonowofhowclimatechangewillaffecttheglaciers(冰川)oftheworld,2.warning(warn)thatabout18,000glacierswilldisappearby2100.Thisisabad3.prediction(predict)forsome1.9billionSouthAsians,4.whousewaterfromtheseglaciersnotonlyfordrinkingbutasloforagriculture,hydroelectricpower,andtourism.Butthesurveyalsolookedatanimmediatequestion:Astheglaciers5.rapidly(rapid)melt,wherewillallthewater—morethanaquadrilliongallonsofit,almosttheamount6.contained(contain)inLakeHuron—go?TheansweristhattheHimalaya,forexample,longdefinedby7.its(it)glaciers,isbecomingamountainrangedefinedbylakes.Infact,anotherstudyfoundthatfrom1990to2010,morethan900newglacier-fedlakes8.wereformed(form)acrossAsia'shighmountainranges.Becauseofthoseremotelocations,scientistsmustrely9.on/uponsatellitestocountthem,andnewlakesappeartobegrowingsoquicklythatit'sdifficultforscientificteamstoagreeontheprecisenumber.It'sallhappeningmuch10.faster(fast)thanweexpectedittoevenfiveortenyearsago.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。由于气候变化，到2100年时，世界上将会有大约18000处冰川消融。冰川消融会对人类生活造成什么样的影响？消融后的水都去了哪里？1．考查冠词。形容词最高级前应使用定冠词the。themostcomprehensiveanalysis表示“最全面的分析”。2．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，warn与主语theInternationalCentreforIntegratedMountainDevelopment构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式。3．考查名词。该空前面有abad修饰，应使用单数名词。4．考查关系代词。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，从句修饰先行词SouthAsians，故用关系代词who。5．考查副词。空处修饰动词melt，故用所给词的副词形式rapidly“快速地，迅速地”。6．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，contain与theamount构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。7．考查代词。空处修饰后面的名词glaciers，故用形容词性物主代词its。8．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句子主语是morethan900newglacier-fedlakes，与动词form构成动宾关系且表示复数；时间状语是from1990to2010，应用一般过去时。故填wereformed。9．考查