Unit3DiverseCulturesPeriod2DiscoveringUsefulStructures-（学案）-高一英语学与练（人教）

Book3Unit3DiverseCulturesPeriod2DiscoveringUsefulStructures001预习导学省略前提:主谓宾,定状表,如有重复可删掉。省略原则:词语省略后,不致令人费解。002课堂探究在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变，这种语言现象叫省略。比较常用的省略句有以下几种：一．简单句中的省略1.省略主语祈使句中的主语通常被省略;其他省略主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法①ein,please.②Seeyoutomorrow.③Thankyouforyourhelp.④Begyourpardon.①(You)ein,please.②(I)Seeyoutomorrow.③(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.④(I)Begyourpardon.2.省略谓语部分①Soundsagoodidea.②Haveasmoke?③Somethingtodrink?④Thisway,please.①(It)Soundsagoodidea.②(Willyou)Haveasmoke?③(Wouldyoulike)Somethingtodrink?④(Youe)Thisway,please.3.省略宾语当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时,下句或后句常省略宾语。1).可以省略宾语的全部①DoyouknowMissHu?Idon'tknow(her).②Tomenjoysdancing,butPeterhates(dancing).2).可以省略作宾语的动词不定式,只保留to,但如果该宾语是由动词be构成的不定式或不定式的完成形式,则须在to后加上be或have。①Don'ttouchanythingunlesstheteachertellsyoutotouch.②Areyouateacher?No,butIwanttobeateacher.③Hehasn'tfinishedthetask.Well,heoughttohavefinishedit.4.省略表语答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语可省略。①Areyouthirsty?Yes,Iam(thirsty).②Hisbrotherisn'tlazy.Norishissister(lazy).感叹句的省略在what和how引起的感叹句中,常省略主语和be动词。Whatabeautifulcity(itis)!(这是)多么美丽的城市呀！

二、并列句中的省略两个并列分句中,后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。1.若主语或宾语相同,省略共同的主语或宾语。①Mikesaidthathewouldetoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn't(etoschooltoseemethenextday).②Lin'sfatherwasnotathome,buthismotherwas(athome).2.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.3.若主语不同,而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同,则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMarymusthavedoingherhomework.JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMarydoingherhomework.4.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略后面的主要动词及后续部分。Iwasborninwinterin1988andBob(wasborninwinter)in1987.主从复合句中的省略1）省略主句常见于句首或回答问题时,只用从句。Whydidn’tyouetoclassyesterday?(Ididn’tetoclassyesterday)BecauseIwasill.2）状语从句的省略1．在时间，条件，方式，比较，让步状语从句中，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be部分。While

(Iwas)

walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.当我正沿街而行时,

我听到有人叫我的名字。Though

(they

were)

tired,theywentonworking.虽然累了,

但他们继续工作。Youshouldn’tetohispartyunless

(youare)

invited.除非你被邀请,

否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。If

(itis)

possible,I’llgoouting.

如果可能的话,我将去郊游.Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan

(itwas)expected.

这个展览比预料的还有趣。Theworkersjustcarriedouttheorderas

(theywere)

told.工人们只是按要求的做了。Heopenedhismouthasif

(hewere)

tospeak.他张了张口，好像要说话。2．也可用ifany/ifso/ifnot代替上文中的整个句子。Getupearlytomorrow,

ifnot,youwillmissthefirstbus.

（ifnot=ifyoudon’tgetup

early)明天早起，如果不的话，你将会错过第一趟公交车。Hemaynotbeathomethen,

ifso,leavehimanote.

（ifso=ifheisnotathome)那时他可能不在家，如果这样给他留个字条吧。3）其它省略.状语从句出现在句末时，一般都可以作句尾省略①JohnwillgoifMarywill(go).②Youcanaskmequestionsif(thereare)any(questions).(2).以as,than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。Afterhalfanhour,shebecamequieter(thanshehadbeen).注意：在虚拟语气中,

常省掉if,

从句使用倒装句式。WereI

you(=IfIwereyou),Ishouldgivethatguyagoodlesson.如果我是你的话,

我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。3）.

宾语从句的省略1）so和not用在一些表示看法、意见的动词之后，替代宾语从句，so表肯定，not表否定。常见的动词有：beafraid,believe,

expect,hope,imagine,guess,think,suppose等。（注：代替否定的宾语从句时，用not或not…so都可以，但be

afraid,hope和guess只能用not，而不能用not…so的形式。）—Doyoubelieveourteamwillwin?你相信我们队将会赢吗？—Ibelieve

so.

(=thatourteamwillwin)我相信会赢。—Doyouthinkitwillrain?你认为会下雨吗？—Ihope

not(=that

itwillnotrain).我希望不会。—Willyoubeabletofinishthejobthis

week?这周你能完成这份工作吗？—Ithinknot./

Idon’tthinkso.

我认为不能。—Canyouworkouttheproblem?

你能解出这个问吗？—I’mafraidnot.

恐怕不能。2）that的省略宾语从句中常省略that,但多个宾语从句并列时,通常只省略第一个that。Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.3）其它省略由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。PleasepassmeoneofthesebooksandIdon'tcarewhich(youpassme).定语从句中的省略(1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词which,that,who,whom可以省略(whom,which紧跟在介词后时不能省略),而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。Theman(whom)yousawyesterdayfellill.Theman,whomyousawyesterday,fellill.当先行词是way,后跟定语从句时,关系词可以用that、inwhich或省略。Iliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalks?四．不定式的省略（一）省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况1.在todosth中，只保留不定式符号to.Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthe

didn’twant

to(seethefilm).我请他去看电影，但他不想去。You’dbetterfinishthejobontimeifheorderedyou

to(finishthejobontime).如果他命令你,

你最好按时完成工作。—Willyoujoininthegame？你愿意加入做游戏吗？—I’dbeglad

to(join

inthegame).我很高兴。—Willyougo

withme?你愿意和我一起去吗?

—Well,I’dlike

to

(gowithyou).

嗯,

我愿意(和你一起去)。2.

在tobesth中，保留tobe.—Areyouasailor?

你是海员吗？—No,butIused

to

be

(asailor).

不，但我过去是。Thecitynowismuchnoisierthanitused

to

be.

这个城市比过去喧闹多了.

3在tohavedone中，保留tohave。

—Haveyou

beentotheWestLake?

你去过西湖吗?—Ihope

tohave

(beentotheWestLake).

我希望去过(西湖)。—Hehasn’tfinishedyet.他还没完成。—Well,heought

to

have

(finished).

嗳，他本应该完成的。Itseemsthathehasknownthe

truth.

看来他已经知道了事实.

Yes,heseems

tohave.

是的,看来他好像知道了.（二）省略动词不定式符号to的情况1.动词不定式作感官动词feel,see,notice,watch,find,hear,listento,observe和使役动词have,make,let等的宾语补足语时,

动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态,

其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略Weoftenhearhim

sing

thesongathome.→Heisoften

heard

tosing

thesongathome.我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。

2.两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and,or,than,but连接时,

从第二个不定式起,

往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不能省略。She’dliketotakeoffhercoatand

have

abreak.她想脱下外套休息一会儿。It’smoredifficulttodothan

tosay.

做比说难(强调语意前后对比)。

3.在why或whynot引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。

Why

get

so

excited?

为什么变得那么激动?Why

notgo

outforawalk?为什么不出去散散步呢？注意：but,

except作介词,

后接动词不定式。如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,

那么这些介词后的不定式不带to,

反之则要带to。Shecould

do

nothingbut

cry.

她除了哭什么也做不了。He

hasnochoice

but

toleave.

他别无选择只有离开。

其它省略情况介词的省略(1)一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常省略,而保留其后的动名词。常见的结构有:havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsthbebusy(in)doingsthspendtime/money(in)doingsthstop/preventsb(from)doingsth(2)表示时间的介词at,on和in在next,last,this,these,yesterday,tomorrow,every,each等词之前,一般都要省略；用在一段时间状语之前的for也可省略。(否定句中不能省略for)。Wehaveamidtermexam(in)everyterm.Wehavebeenhere(for)threeweeks.(3)表示行为方式的in在inthisway,inthesameway,inanotherway等词组中,经常被省略。Hedidit(in)thiswayratherthan(in)anotherway.一些特殊结构中的省略(1)signs/labelsNoparking.Noparking(isallowedhere).(2)newspaperheadlinesTurandotonstage.(Theopera)Turandot(isbeingperformed)onstage.(3)instructionsDonotbend!Donotbend(thisenvelope).(4)postcards/diariesBestwishes.(Igiveyoumy)bestwishes.(5)notesOperaOK,costumesgreat.(The)opera(was)OK,(andthe)costumes(were)great.003随堂小练While________(speak),makeconstanteyecontactbutdonotstarefixedlyattheinterviewer.【答案】speaking句意为：说话时，要不断进行目光接触，但不要目不转睛地盯着面试官。“说话时”可译为：Whileyouarespeaking；在状语从句中，从句的主语和主句的主语所指一致，且谓语有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词；本句的主句为祈使句，实际是省略了主语you，与从句主语是一致的。故填speaking。Whenthetwolovers,LiangShanboandZhuYingtai,firstmeet,themusicislightandpleasant,asif__________(whisper)totheaudience.【答案】whispering句意为：梁山伯和祝英台这对恋人初次见面时，音乐轻快悦耳，仿佛在向观众耳语。分析句子结构可知，此处考查asif引导的方式状语从句的省略，完整的从句为asifthemusiciswhisperingtotheaudience，从句是“主语＋系动词”结构，且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可省略从句的主语和系动词，保留现在分词。故填whispering。Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen__________(pare)tomusicandpainting.【答案】pared句意为：电影制作的历史要短得多，尤其是与音乐和绘画等艺术形式相比。分析句子结构可知，此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略。从句主语同主句主语（Film）一致，和动词pare之间是被动关系，即从句谓语为ispared，根据状语从句可省略主语和be动词的原则，省略后为pared。故填pared。__________possible,Iwanttostaywithyouforever.【答案】If句意为：如果可能的话，我想永远和你在一起。分析句子结构可知，此处为省略结构ifpossible，意为“如果可能的话”，为状语从句ifitispossible的省略形式。故填If。Theglobalwarming,ifnotproperly__________(control),mightleadtomorenaturaldisasters.【答案】controlled句意为：全球变暖，如果控制不当，可能会导致更多的自然灾害。if引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，且主语与control构成被动关系。故填controlled。Heclearedhisthroatasif__________(say)something.【答案】tosay句意为：他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。asif引导的状语从句可用省略结构。当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，此处省略了hewas。故填tosay。TheexhibitionaboutTheBeltandRoadismoreinterestingthan__________(expect).【答案】expected句意为：关于“一带一路”的展览比预想的更有趣。than后完整的句子应是itisexpected，表示“展览比预想的那样更有趣”，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句谓语含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词，由于展览是被预想，因此应用过去分词。故填expected。__________tired,wefeltexcitedtobeabletohelpothers.【答案】Though／Although／While句意为：尽管我们很累，但是能够帮助别人，我们感到很兴奋。分析句子结构和意思可知，上下文之间为转折关系，所以这里应用“虽然，尽管”对应的连词though／although／while，从句中省略了主语we和be动词were。故填Though／Although／While。Once___________(attach)totherail,thecarwillbeeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralputer.【答案】attached句意为：一旦连接到轨道上，汽车将由系统提供电力，并由中央计算机控制。此处是Once引导的状语从句的省略结构，从句的主语为thecar，与主句主语相同，thecar与attach之间为被动关系，从句谓语应为isattached，完整从句为Oncethecarisattachedtotherail。当状语从句和主句是同一主句且从句含义be动词时，从句可以省略主语和be动词。顾填attached。10.Misunderstandingsresultingfromlackofsocialmunication,unless__________(handle)properly,mayleadtoseriousresults.【答案】句意为：由于缺乏社会沟通而产生的误解，除非处理得当，否则可能会导致严重的后果。unless引导的状语从句中，省略了misunderstandings和be动词，“误解”和“处理”之间是被动关系。故填handled.004培优提升阅读理解ACultureshockoccurswhenpeoplehavebeensuddenlythrownintoanewculture.Newersmaybeanxiousbecausetheydon’tspeakthelanguage.Neitherdotheyknowthecustomsnorunderstandthepeople’sbehaviorindailylife.Quiteoftenthevisitorsfindthat“yes”maynotalwaysmean“yes”,thatfriendlinessdoesnotnecessarilymeanfriendship,orthatstatementsthatappeartobeseriousarereallyintendedasjokes.Theforeignersmaybeunsureastowhentoshakehands,whentostartconversations,orhowtoapproachastranger.Theideaofcultureshockhelpsexplainfeelingsofpuzzlementandconfusion.Languageproblemsdonotleadtoallthesetbacksthatpeoplefeel.Whenonehaslosteverythingthatwasoncefamiliar,suchasunderstandingatransportationsystem,knowinghowtoregister(注册，登记)foruniversityclasses,orknowinghowtomakefriends,difficultiesincopingwiththenewsocietymayarise.Whenanindividualentersastrangeculture,heorshefeelslikeafishoutofwater.Newersfeelattimesthattheydonotbelongtothecultureandfeeldesertedbythenativemembersoftheculture.Whenthishappens,visitorsmaywanttorefuseeverythingaboutthenewenvironmentandmayglorifyandsingtheirownpraisesofthepositiveaspectsoftheirownculture.Ontheotherside,morevisitorsmaysneezeattheirnativecountrybyrejectingitsvalueandinsteadchoosingtoapproveofthevalueofthenewcountry.Thismayoccurasanattempttoacceptthenewcultureinordertobetakeninbythepeopleinit.13．Whatmighthappenwhennewersenteranewculture?A．Theyhavedifficultyinsayingyesorno.B．Theyfinditannoyingtounderstandthefriendship.C．Theyrefusetoshakehandswithstrangers.D．Theyarepuzzledbylocalcustomsandhabits.14．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“setbacks”inparagraph3?A．discouragementsB．achievements C．arguments D．amazement15．Howdothenewersreactinthefaceofthecultureshockaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Theywillmisstheirmotherlanddeeplyenoughtoreturntotheirhomeland.B．Theyarewillingtoacceptanewcultureunconditionallyandpletely.C．Theytrytheirbesttofitintolocallifeandliveapositiveandupwardlife.D．Theyonlycontactfellowcountrymenwiththesameexperience.16．Whatwillthenextparagraphtalkabout?A．Whattodotoignorethedifferences. B．Howtolivefortablyabroad.C．Howtodealwiththecultureshock. D．Whattodotoavoidhomesickness.【答案】13．D14．A15．B16．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。当人们突然被投入到一种新的文化中时，就会发生文化冲击。本文对文化冲击现象进行了简要介绍，文化冲击包括语言障碍、习俗差异、适应困难，以及新来者可能会采取的极端的处理方式。13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Newersmaybeanxiousbecausetheydon’tspeakthelanguage.Neitherdotheyknowthecustomsnorunderstandthepeople’sbehaviorindailylife.(新来的人可能会焦虑，因为他们不会说这种语言。他们既不知道习俗，也不了解人们在日常生活中的行为。)”和第二段“Theideaofcultureshockhelpsexplainfeelingsofpuzzlementandconfusion.(文化冲击的概念有助于解释困惑的感觉。)”可知，新来的人因不了解当地风俗习惯而感到困惑。故选D项。14．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Languageproblemsdonotleadtoallthesetbacksthatpeoplefeel.Whenonehaslosteverythingthatwasoncefamiliar,suchasunderstandingatransportationsystem,knowinghowtoregister(注册，登记)foruniversityclasses,orknowinghowtomakefriends,difficultiesincopingwiththenewsocietymayarise.(语言问题并不会导致人们感受到的所有setbacks。当一个人失去了曾经熟悉的一切，比如了解交通系统、知道如何注册大学课程或知道如何交朋友时，应对新社会的困难可能会出现。)”，身处异国他乡产生的语言问题会让新来者陷入一个不熟悉的环境，遇到困难，遭遇挫折，setbacks意为“挫折”，与discouragements意思相近。故选A项。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ontheotherside,morevisitorsmaysneezeattheirnativecountrybyrejectingitsvalueandinsteadchoosingtoapproveofthevalueofthenewcountry.Thismayoccurasanattempttoacceptthenewcultureinordertobetakeninbythepeopleinit.(另一方面，更多的来访者可能会对他们的祖国嗤之以鼻，拒绝它的价值，相反选择认可新国家的价值。这可能是为了被新文化中的人接受而试图接受新文化。)”可推知，为了融入到当地文化中，被新文化中的人接受，新来者愿意无条件完全地接受新文化。故选B项。16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whenanindividualentersastrangeculture,heorshefeelslikeafishoutofwater.Newersfeelattimesthattheydonotbelongtothecultureandfeeldesertedbythenativemembersoftheculture.Whenthishappens,visitorsmaywanttorefuseeverythingaboutthenewenvironmentandmayglorifyandsingtheirownpraisesofthepositiveaspectsoftheirownculture.Ontheotherside,morevisitorsmaysneezeattheirnativecountrybyrejectingitsvalueandinsteadchoosingtoapproveofthevalueofthenewcountry.Thismayoccurasanattempttoacceptthenewcultureinordertobetakeninbythepeopleinit.(当一个人进入一种陌生的文化时，他或她会感觉像一条离开水的鱼。新来者有时会觉得他们不属于这个文化，觉得被这个文化的本土成员抛弃了。当这种情况发生时，来访者可能想要拒绝新环境的一切，可能会赞美和歌颂自己文化的积极方面。另一方面，更多的来访者可能会鄙视他们的祖国，拒绝它的价值，而选择认可新国家的价值。这可能是为了适应新的文化而试图接受新的文化)”可知，最后一段阐述了两种思想倾向，或不能融入或全盘接受，这些都是很极端的做法，所以下文将会继续就如何应对文化冲击给出建议。故选C项。BWhereverwego,wearesurroundedbyhistory.Acrosstheglobe,culturalheritageispasseddownthroughgenerations.Itisinthebuildingsandstructuresaroundus.Itisintheartsandartifacts(手工艺品)wetreasure.Itlivesinthelanguageswespeakandthestorieswetell.Buttoday,itisunderattackasneverbefore.Notonlyisthedamageoftimeintimidatingourculturalheritage,butwars,climatechange,globalizationandtourismareallexactingaheavyprice.Technologyisnowthemostimportantweaponinthebattle.Here’showtechnologyispreservingourculturalheritage.Asyoucanimagine,creatingthereplicas(复制品)viacrowdsourced2Dimagesisextremelytimeconsuming.Increasingly,artificialintelligence(AI)isbeingusedtodoalltherequiredsourcing,allowingmillionsofimagestobestoredinamatterofhours.AIwillalsomakerestorationandpreservationofexistingculturalheritagefareasierandmuchbetterthanformermethods.Virtualreality(VR)technologywillplayaleadingroleinpreservingourculturalheritageintheingyears.Manyofthemostimportantsitesandarchitectureareeasilydamaged.Humaninteractionwiththeselocationsisdoingagreatdealofharm.Wastesleftcouldbeseeneverywhere,causingmanyproblems.Asmoreculturalheritagesitesandobjectsaredigitallymappedandrecorded,VRtechnologywillincreasinglybeethewaythatpeopleexperiencethem.We’llalleventuallybeabletowalkthroughplaces,lookatandtouchartifactsandworksofartwithouteverseeingthemwithourowneyes.Finally,ourculturalheritagewillbepreservedviatechnology.Effortsinresearch,innovation(创新),datasharingandprojectworkwillhelppromoteandpreservetheculturalheritageofcountriesallacrosstheworld.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidating”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Fading. B．Preserving. C．Recording. D．Threatening.18．HowdoesVRhelptopreserveculturalheritage?A．Byrecyclinghugeamountsofwaste.B．Bystoppingvisitorstouchingartifacts.C．Byreducinghumaneffectsonthesites.D．Byeducatingpeopleaboutthesites’importance.19．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotechnologyinpreservingtheculturalheritage?A．Positive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Unsupportive.20．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．HowTechnologyChangesArtsB．WhatCulturalHeritageMeanstoUsC．PrepareforanInnovationinTechnologyD．PreservetheAncientwiththeAdvanced【答案】17．D18．C19．A20．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了现代技术（AI和VR）怎样应用在文化遗产的保护上。17．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Buttoday,itisunderattackasneverbefore.Notonlyarethedamagesoftimeintimidatingourculturalheritage,butwars,climatechange,globalizationandtourismareallexactingaheavyprice.”（但今天，它受到了前所未有的攻击。时间的破坏不仅intimidating我们的文化遗产，而且战争、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都在付出沉重的代价。）可知，文化遗产受到前所未有的攻击，冲突，气候变化，全球化和旅游业都在付出沉重的代价，notonly…butalso…连接并列结构，此处讲述对文化遗产的破坏，因此推断时间的破坏威胁着文化遗产。故可猜测，划线单词为“威胁”的意思，结合选项D项意思一致。故选D项。18．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Asmoreculturalheritagesitesandobjectsaredigitallymappedandrecorded,VRtechnologywillincreasinglybeethewaythatpeopleexperiencethem.We’llalleventuallybeabletowalkthroughplaces,lookatandtouchartifactsandworksofartwithouteverseeingthemwithourowneyes.”（随着越来越多的文化遗址和文物被数字化测绘和记录，VR技术将越来越多地成为人们体验它们的方式。我们最终都将能够在各个地方走动，观看和触摸人工制品和艺术作品，而不用亲眼看到它们。）可推知，VR技术可以模拟出这些文化遗产让我们感受而不用去现场，从而减少人类对文化遗产的影响以及破坏，以便保护这些文化遗产。故选C项。19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Finally,ourculturalheritagewillbepreservedviatechnology.

Effortsinresearch,innovation(创新),datasharingandprojectworkwillhelppromoteandpreservetheculturalheritageofcountriesallacrosstheworld.”（最后，我们的文化遗产将通过技术得到保护。在研究、创新、数据共享和项目工作方面的努力将有助于促进和保护世界各国的文化遗产。）可推知，作者对文化遗产保护中技术的应用持积极肯定的态度。故选A项。20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Here’showtechnologyispreservingourculturalheritage.”（以下是科技如何保护我们的文化遗产。)以及文章最后一段“Finally,ourculturalheritagewillbepreservedviatechnology.Effortsinresearch,innovation(创新),datasharingandprojectworkwillhelppromoteandpreservetheculturalheritageofcountriesallacrosstheworld.”（最后，我们的文化遗产将通过技术得到保护。研究、创新、数据共享和项目工作的努力将有助于促进和保护世界各国的文化遗产。）可知，本文主要介绍现代技术应用在文化遗产的保护上。而D项“PreservetheAncientwiththeAdvanced(用先进的技术保护古代)”切合文意。故选D项。CAmericaisamobilesociety.FriendshipsbetweenAmericanscanbecloseandreal,yetdisappearsoonifsituationschange.Neithersidefeelshurtbythis.BothmayexchangeChristmasgreetingsforayearortwo,perhapsafewlettersforawhile—thennomore.Ifthesametwopeoplemeetagainbychance,evenyearslater,theypickupthefriendship.ThiscanbequitedifficultforusChinesetounderstand,becausefriendshipsbetweenusflowmoreslowlybutthenmaybeelifelongfeelings,extending(延伸)sometimesdeeplyintobothfamilies.Americansarereadytoreceiveusforeignersattheirhomes,sharetheirholidays,andtheirhomelife.Theywillenjoywelingusandbepleasedifweaccepttheirhospitality(好客)easily,buttrulycan’tmanagethetimetodoagreatdealwithavisitoroutsidetheirdailyroutine.Theywillprobablyexpectustogetourselvesfromtheairporttoourownhotelbybus.Andtheyexpectthatwewillphonethemfromthere.Oncewearriveattheirhomes,thewelewillbefull,warmandreal.Wewillfindourselvestreatedhospitably.AnotherdifficultpointforusChinesetounderstandAmericansisthatalthoughtheyincludeuswarmlyintheirpersonaleverydaylives,theydon’tshowtheirpolitenesstousifitrequiresagreatdealoftime.Thisisusuallytheoppositeofthepracticeinourcountrywherewemaybegenerouswithourtime.Sometimes,we,ashosts,willappearatairportseveninthemiddleofthenighttomeetafriend.Wemaytakedaysofftoactasguidestoourforeignfriends.TheAmericans,however,expresstheirweleusuallyathomes.FortheAmericans,itisoftenconsideredmorefriendlytoinviteafriendtotheirhomesthantogotorestaurants,exceptforpurebusinessmatters.Soaccepttheirhospitalityathome!21．WhereareweexpectedtocallourAmericanfriendsifwegotherebyplane?A．Onthebus B．Attheairport.C．Neartheirhome. D．Atourownhotel.22．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．FriendshipsbetweenAmericansusuallylastforalltheirlives.B．Americansalwaysshowtheirwarmtheveniftheyareverybusy.C．Americanswillcontinuetheirfriendshipsagainevenafteralongbreak.D．FriendshipsbetweenAmericansusuallyextenddeeplyintotheirfamilies.23．Whichisthetypical(典型的)wayofAmericanhospitality?A．Treatingfriendsathome. B．Sharingeverythingtheyhave.C．Takingdaysofftobewithfriends. D．Meetingfriendsattheairportatmidnight.24．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．FriendshipsbetweenChinese B．FriendshipsbetweenAmericansC．Americans’hospitality D．AmericansandChinese’sviewsoffriendship【答案】21．D22．C23．A24．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了美国和中国人对友谊的不同看法，介绍了美国人与中国人不同的交友待客习惯。21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Theywillprobablyexpectustogetourselvesfromtheairporttoourownhotelbybus.Andtheyexpectthatwewillphonethemfromthere.(他们可能希望我们坐公共汽车从机场到自己的旅馆，他们希望我们能从那里给他们打)”可知，如果我们坐飞机去那里，我们应该在自己的旅馆打给我们的美国朋友。故选D项。22．细节理解题。根据第一段中“BothmayexchangeChristmasgreetingsforayearortwo,perhapsafewlettersforawhile—thennomore.Ifthesametwopeoplemeetagainbychance,evenyearslater,theypickupthefriendship.(两个人都可以互致一两年来的圣诞问候，也可能只是一段时间内写几封信——然后就再也没有了联系。如果同样的两个人再次偶然相遇，即使多年以后，他们也会重拾友谊)”可知，美国人即使在很长一段时间的中断之后仍会继续他们的友谊。故选C项。23．细节理解题。根据第二段“Americansarereadytoreceiveusforeignersattheirhomes,sharetheirholidays,andtheirhomelife.(美国人愿意在家里接待我们外国人，分享他们的假期和家庭生活)”以及倒数第二段“TheAmericans,however,expresstheirweleusuallyathomes.(然而，美国人通常在家里表达欢迎)”可知，美国人待客的典型方式是在家招待朋友。故选A项。24．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Americaisamobilesociety.FriendshipsbetweenAmericanscanbecloseandreal,yetdisappearsoonifsituationschange.(美国是一个移动的社会。美国人之间的友谊可以是亲密而真实的，但如果情况改变，友谊很快就会消失)”以及文章主要内容为本文介绍了美国和中国人对友谊的不同看法，介绍了美国人与中国人不同的交友待客习惯。故D选项“美国人和中国人对友谊的看法”符合文章标题。故选D。DLawrenceGantifromtheUShaslivedinSwitzerland,Japan,andIndia.WhenhisworkwithMerck,apanythatdevelopstreatmentsformanyoftheworld’smostchallengingdiseases,firsttookhimtoJapan,hewasstruckbyhowfortablehisJapanesecoworkerswerewithsilence.DuringmeetingsintheUS,peopleareusuallyuneasywithquietandfillaquietperiodwithtalk.NotsoinJapan.“Youdon’tbreakthesilenceunlessyouhavesomethingimportanttosay,”saysGanti.Surprisingly,whenhenextlivedinIndia,hefoundconversationsweretypicallylively,loudandfullofinterruptions(打岔).“Silenceisneverexpected,”hesays.TheJapanesevaluethebuildingoftrustandrelationships,Gantiadds.InJapan,nothingmightbeachievedinthefirstmeeting,andnorealprogressmaybemadeuntilthepartiessitdownforalunchordinner.GantiremembersgreetingforeignerswhoflewtoJapanwiththeintentionofholdingtheirmeetingandflyingoutthatsameday.“It’sjustahalfhourdiscussion,”theytoldhim.Hereplied,“Thathalfhourdiscussionwon’tgoanywhere.”CyrusSabourifromNewJersey,theUS,hadsimilarexperiencesintheMiddleEast.HelivesinBahrain,whereheworksforAmericanExpressMiddleEast.“Meetingscanrequirepersonalintroductions,whichoftenconsumemoreofthemeetingthanthethingstobediscussed,”hesays.Hewasfrustratedbythiscustomwhenhefirstmovedtotheislandnation.“Youeventuallylearnthatitishardtodrawthelinebetweenbusinessandpersonallife,”hesays.“WarmandfriendlyrelationshipscanbethedifferencebetweenadealornodealwiththeBahraini.”Ganti’scurrentjobwithMercktakeshimthroughoutLatinAmerica.Whileeachcountrypresentsitsownculturalpuzzletofigureout,Gantihasfoundthatcultureshavealotinmon.InmanypartsofLatinAmerica,forinstance,givingstraightadviceorcriticisminconversationisn’ttypical.Tomakeapoint,hedidjustthatinmeetings,andattendeeswereoftenshocked.“I’musuallysenttoplaceswherechangeisneeded,”Gantisays.“Youhavetomakechanges.”25．HowdoIndiansdifferfromtheJapaneseaccordingtoGanti?A．Theydislikebeinginterrupted. B．Theyseemnervousinbusinessmeetings.C．Theyeasilyacceptsilence. D．Theyusuallytalkexcitedly.26．WhathadtheforeignersgoingtoJapanexpectedaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Theywouldhaveaveryinterestingmeeting.B．Theycouldgettheirtasksdonesoon.C．TheycouldleaveJapanthenextday.D．Theywouldbeinvitedtodinner.27．WhatupsetSabouriwhenhefirstworkedinBahrain?A．Bahrainisvaluerelationshipsveryhighly.B．Therearealotoflongbusinessmeetings.C．Personalintroductionsareoftenignored.D．Workismoreimportantthanlifethere.28．WhatdoesGantifindaboutmanyLatinAmericans?A．Theyaregenerallywillingtoacceptnewideas.B．Theyliketosolvepuzzlesintheirsparetime.C．Theyhardlyevermakementsonothers.D．Theyseldomexpresstheirviewsdirectly.29．Theauthorwritesthetextmainlyto________.A．introducehisworkingexperienceinLatinAmerica.B．discussAmerican’s