浙江省2022年中考英语真题分类汇编：阅读理解（科普类）及答案

浙江省2022年中考英语真题分类汇编：阅读理解（科普类）

一、阅读理解

阅读理解

Cananyonebeanastronaut?

Ofcoursenot.Youdon'thavetohaveasciencedegreebutmostastronautsdo.Mostofthemarepilots

too.Lifeinaspaceshipishardsoyoumusthaveahealthybodyandmind.Youneedtobeeasy-going,

patient,andhelpfultospendsomuchtimeinasmallspacewithotherpeople.

What*sthetraininglike?

Peoplehavetotrainforayeartolearnhowtostayhealthyandsafe.Theypractisespacewalkingand

livinginzerogravity（重力）.Theytrainindifficultconditionstolearnhowtosolveproblemsandto

workinateam.Everydaytaskslikeeating,washingandsleepingcanbedifficultonaspaceship.Thereisno

runningwatersoyouhavetowashwithwettissues;it'shardtoenjoythedryfoodthatastronautshavetoeat.

Andtosleepyoumustcoveryoureyesbecausethesunrisesevery90minutesontheInternationalSpace

Station.Youalsohavetotieyourselftosomethingsoyoudon'tflyaway!

Whathealthproblemsdoastronautshave?

Lifeinzerogravitycauseschangestoourbodies.Bonesandmuscles（肌肉）becomethinandweak

soyoumustdoalotofexerciseinspacetostayfitandtohelptheheartmovebloodaroundyourbody.

Astronautsoftengetbackachebecauseyougrowinspace-upto8centimeters!It'salsocommontohave

headachesandtofeelsick,especiallyatthebeginning.Youmusthavevitaminstotaketheplaceoffresh

fruitandvegetables.Butyoudon'thavetoputonsuncreambecausespacesuitsprotectyourskin（皮肤）.

Areyoustillinterested?

Sonowyouknow.Ifyouwanttogotospace,studyhard,learntoflyandtakecareofyourbodyand

mind.

1.Whatisamustforanastronaut?

A.Asciencedegree.B.Apilot*slicense.

C.Ahealthybodyandmind.D.Aweakcharacter.

2.Whatmustyoudotoprepareforaspacetrip?

A.Experiencezerogravity.B.washwithrunningwater.

C.Practiselongwalks.D.Sleepwithyoureyesopen.

3.Whydoastronautshavetoexerciseinspace?

A.Tomaketheirbonesandmusclesthinner.

B.Tohelptheheartworkwellandkeepfit.

C.Toavoidbackacheandgrowmuchtaller.

D.Tostoptheirskinsfromgettingsunburned.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Whatweneedtoknowtobecomeanastronaut.

B・Whyyoungpeopleareinterestedinspacetrips.

C.Whatproblemsastronautsmustsolveinspace.

D.Whyweneedtotrainhardbeforeaspacetrip.

阅读理解

Therearemanydifferentwaystosolveaproblem.Onewayistobecreative.Peopleoftenthinkcreative

thinkingisjustforartistsanddesigners,butthisisnottrue.Dr.EdwarddeBono,anexpertincreative

thinkingandproblemsolving,hasshowntheworldthatusingcreativitytosolveproblemsisveryusefulin

businessandinourcommunities,andwillcontinuetobesointhefuture.

Oneexampleofcreativethinkingisthesolutiontoaparkingprobleminatowncenter.Intheareasclose

tostores,peoplecanonlyparkfor20minutes.Thereareparkingmeterswherepeoplepaytoparkinthese

areas.However,theproblemisthatmanypeopleleavetheircarsthereforlongerthan20minutes.Dr.

EdwarddeBono'ssolutionistomakearulethatallcarsparkedintheseareasmustkeeptheirheadlightson.

Ofcourse,driverswillwanttoreturntotheircarsbeforetheircarbatteries（蓄电池）die.

AccordingtoDr.deBono,peoplewillneedtousecreativethinkingmoreofteninthefuture.Tohelp

peoplethinkmorecreatively,hedesignedthe"SixThinkingHat"system（系统）.Thesystemhelps

peoplethinkaboutaproblemindifferentwaysinordertofindasolution.Inthesystem,therearesix

imaginaryhatsofdifferentcolors.Eachhatsymbolizesadifferentwayofthinking.Forexample,thewhite

hathelpspeopleconsiderthefacts.Theblackhatisthemostlogical（有逻辑的）andhelpspeople

considerwhyapossiblesolutionmaynotwork.So,nexttimeyouhaveaprobleminyourcommunity,think

aboutitcreatively,fromdifferentperspectines,andseewhatideasyouhave.

5.Whatisthetopicofthetext?

A.Beingacreativeartistinthecommunity.

B・Doingbusinesssuccessfullyinthefuture.

C.Askingexpertsforsomeusefuladvice.

D.Usingcreativethinkingtosolveproblems.

6.WhyistheexamplementionedinParagraph2?

A.Toexpressaresult.B・Todescribeaproblem.

C.Tosupportthetopic.D.Tolistsomenumbers.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"perspectives“inParagraph3mean?

A.Ways.B.Places.C.People.D.Rules.

8.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe"SixThinkingHats"system?

A.Thesystemisusedtohelppeoplethinkquickly.

B.Thewhitehathelpspeoplethinkaboutthefacts.

C.Theblackhathastodowithpeople'sfeelings.

D.Sixhatsofdifferentshapescanbeveryhelpful.

阅读理解

Smartphonesaregettingboring.Thenewmodelsareeitherabitfasterorhavebettercameras,butthey

arebasicallynodifferentfromtheonesalreadyinourpockets.Thisiswhyscientistsarehoping,and

workingforsomethingnew,somethingthatwillchangeourlivesjustasgreatlyassmartphonesdo.Atthe

moment,thenextinventionmightbesmartglasses.

Justimagine.Insteadofhavingtopickupyourphoneandlookatthescreen,alloftheinformationyou

needsimplyappearsjustinfrontofyou,inyourglasses.Satellitenavigation（导航）directionswould

appearrightthereontheroad.Andyoursmartglassescouldguideyoutotherightshelfinthe

supermarketI

Smartglassescouldalsobeusedinindustry.Theycouldshowengineerstheinstructionstheyneedto

fixthingsmorequickly.Adoctorcouldcarryoutadifficultoperation,guidedinrealtimebysomeoneonthe

othersideoftheworld.

Thismaysoundimpossible.Butmostofthetechnologiestoinventthemarealreadythere.Forexample,

onekeytechnologyiscalledAR,whichcanmakedigital3Dobjectsappearasiftheyarepartofthereal

world.We'veuseditalotonourvideocall.Similarly,hugeprogresshasbeenmadeinspatialaudio.Thisis

whenasoundismadetogiveitasenseofplace,likewhatyouhearinanemptyroom.Somehigh-end

earphonescanalreadydothat.Futureglasseswillofcourseneedtorecognize（识别）yourvoicetodo

tasks.Thistechnologyhasbeenwidelyusedinourdailylife.

So,whyaren*tweallwearingsmartglassesyet?Sofar,noonehasinventedagoodwaytosendimages

（映像）ofourworldontoglasses.However,withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,smartglassescould

arrivemuchsoonerthanwethink.

9.WhydoesthewritermentionsmartphonesinParagraph1?

A.Tostartastory.B・Toexplainanidea.

C.Tointroduceatopic.D.Todiscussaproblem.

10.WhatareParagraphs2and3mainlyabout?

A.Whensmartglassesmightbemade.

B・Wheresmartglassescouldbeused.

C.Howsmartglasseswouldgivedirections.

D.Whysmartglassesshouldbechanged.

11.Whichofthefollowingtechnologiesneedstobeimprovedtoinventsmartglasses?

A.Makingspatialaudio.B.Recognizingvoices.

C.Creatingdigital3Dobjects.D.Sendingimagesontoglasses.

12.Howmightthewriterfeelaboutthefutureofsmartglasses?

A.Bored.B.Confident.C.Satisfied.D.Uncertain.

阅读理解

Howdoyoulookafteryourcat

Introduction

Thefirststeptobecomingagoodcatowneristochoosetherightkindofcat.Itishowacat

behavesthatisthemostimportant,notwhatshelookslikeorhowoldsheis.Sheisgoingtobeyour

bestfriend.Youwillspendalotoftimeplayingtogether.Butremember,youneedtolookafterher

everyday.Notjusttostartwith,butforallherlife.

Understandingyourpet

Bywatchingyourcatclosely,youwilllearnherspecialwayoftalking.Fromthemovementofher

tailorears,youwillseeifsheishappyorsad.Andyouwillsoonunderstandwhatsheissayingwhen

shemiaows.

Caringforyourpet

Youwillonlybeyourcat'sbestfriendifyoucareforherproperly.Youwillneedtomakesurethat

sheeatstherightfoods,alwayshaswater,andcangetplentyofexerciseeveryday.Youwillalsohaveto

bathe（给...洗澡）heroftenandspendsometimetrainingher.

13.Howlongwillyouneedtolookafteryourcat?

A.Forsomedaysaftershe*sborn.B.Forthewholeofherlife.

C.Untilshehasbabiesofherown.D.Untilsheisbadlyill.

14.Tounderstandyourcat,youneedto______

A.watchherverycarefullyB.batheheroften

C.talktohereverydayD.feedherproperfood

15.Thelastpartofthepassagedescribes____

A.whichfoodcatslikebest

B.howdifficultitcanbetotraincats

C.thetypeofexercisecatsenjoymost

D.thethingscatownersneedtodo

阅读理解

Recently,manypeoplethinkit'sriskytousecredit（信用）cardnumbersonline.However,fromtimeto

time,weallusepasswordsandIDnumbersontheInternet.Wethinkwearesafe,butthatmaynotbetrue!A

newkindofattack（攻击）isbeingusedbydishonestpeopletostealIDsandcreditcardnumbersfromweb

surfers.Thisnewkindofattackiscalled“phishing”.

Phishingsoundsthesameastheword"fishing",anditmeansthatathiefistryingtotrickpeopleinto

givingawayvaluableinformation.Likerealfishermen,phishersusebait（诱饵）intheformofgreatonline

dealsorservices.Forexample,phishersmightusefalseemailsandwebsitestotrickpeopleintorevealing

（透露）creditcardnumbers,accountusernames,andpasswords.Theyimitate（模仿）well-knownbanks,

onlinesellers,andcreditcardcompanies.Successfulphishersmaymakeasmanyas5%ofthepeople

believeandgiveawaytheirpersonalinformation.

Itrsreallyabigproblem!Actually,tricking5%oftheonlinepopulationishuge.Nowmorethan4.6

billionpeoplehaveaccess（进入权）totheInternet,and75%ofthoseInternetusersliveinthewealthiest

countriesonEarth.Ithasbeenreportedthatphisherssendmorethan40billionfalsemessageseachyear.

Evenbytrickingonly5%ofthepeople,phisherscanmakealotofmoney.

Amy,18,fromCalifornia,receivedanemail.AmantoldAmythatshecouldgetamilliondollarsinher

accountasarewardifshesentathousanddollarstohim.Amydidasthemansaidatonce.The"thief1used

Amy'sSocialSecuritynumbertogetcreditcardsinhernameandtransfeiredhermoney.

Howcanpeopleavoidbeingcheatedonline?Aboveall,theyhavetolearntorecognizetheemailthat

hasbeensentbyaphisher.Alwaysbecarefulwithanyemailwithurgent（紧急的）requestsforpersonal

information.Phisherstypicallywriteupsettingorexciting,butfalse,statementsintheiremailssothatpeople

willreplyrightaway.Nevergiveoutpersonalinformationtophishers.Andifanoffersoundstoogoodtobe

true,itis.

16.Phishingiscomparedtoaccordingtothepassage.

A.makingmoneyB.playinggamesC.catchingfishD.writingemails

17.WhichwritingskillisusedinPara.3?

A.Givingexamples.B.Listingnumbers.

C.Raisingquestions.D.Usingsayings.

18.Whichofthefollowinginthedictionarybestexplainstheunderlinedword"transfer"inPara.4?

.transferv.（transferred,transferring）

—

*_

二①tomovefromoneplace,school,jobetctoanother

二（2）toconnectthecallofsomeonetosomeoneelsefs

二③tomovemoneyfromoneaccounttoanother

——

（4）tochangefromonebus,planeetctoanother

A.①B.②C.③D.④

19.Besidesintroducingwhatphishingis,thewriteralsotellsushowto.

A.helptocatchphishersB.replytourgentemails

C.paybycreditcardD.protectourselvesonline

阅读理解

Scientistsarelookingforwaysthatwecaneffectivelyusethelightandheatfromthesun.Oneideathat

hascaughttheirimaginationissolarroads.Theyareexpectedtoproducecleanandrenewableenergy.

Withsolarpanelsonthesurfaces,solarroadscostmorethantraditionalroads.However,besidesthe

functionsoftraditionalroods,theyhavethepanelstoreceivesunlightandchangeitintotheenergytosupply

powertohomes,factoriesandstreetlighting.Therearefourlayersinasolarpanel:

•Baselayer:Itismadeofinsulationmaterialandformsagoodgripwiththeroadbelowthislayer.

•Middlelayer:Thisisthemostimportantlayer.Itholdsallkindsofpowerlinesconnectingallthesolar

partsinthepanel,likeLEDlightsandtheheatingsystem.

•Toplayer:Thislayerissuper-strongglass.Itallowsthepaneltoholdtheweightoftheheaviest

vehicles.

•Capping:Thisisthetopmostlayerusedtoofferextraprotectiontothesolarpartsinthepanel.The

layermustberoughenoughtoprovidethetractionforthesafetyofvehicles.

Withthesmartdesign,solarroadscansuccessfullychargethevehiclesonthem.Andtheroadshave

inbuiltLEDlightstoreplacethetraditionalroodsignsandlines,whichareusuallypaintedandharmfulto

humans.What'smore,theheatingsystemsinthesolarroadscantakecareofthesnowandiceontheroads

fordrivers.

Testsolarroadshavebeenbuiltinseveralcountries(France,China,USA,etc.)since2014.Thefirst

wordsolarroadproject,MetricsofWattWayinFrance,wassetupbyaFrenchcompanycalledConstruction

Colas.Itwasanexampleofloweffectiveness.Inthefirstyear,ithadbeenexpectedtoproducearound767

kWhofenergyaday,butitonlyproduced409kWh.Evenso,theproductioncouldincreasewithdesign

improvements.Ofcourse,moretimeisneededbeforethistechnologyisputintouse.

Solarroadsmaynotbewidelyusedinthenearfuture,buttheyareindeedgreatforanenvironment­

friendlyandenergy-savingworld.

20.Solarroads.

A.offerpowertohomesB.getenergyfromfactories

C.keepthesunlightawayD.costlessthantraditionalroods

21.WhichofthefollowingaboutthelayersofasolarpanelisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thebaselayeristhemostimportantlayer.

B.Therearemanypowerlinesinthemiddlelayer.

C.Thetoplayerliesonthetopofthesolarpanel.

D.Thecappingshouldbesmoothenoughfordrivers.

22.Thefirstworldsolarroadproject.

A.wassetupinChinain2014

B.showedhigheffectivenessasexpected

C.wasstartedbyaUScompany

D.couldgetbetterwithdesignimprovements

23.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.SolarRoads:AWidelyUsedInvention

B.SolarRoads:ASafetyGuardforDrivers

C.SolarRoads:ANewIdeaforCleanEnergy

D.SolarRoads:AWaytoProduceLEDLights

阅读理解

①Wouldyouliketogetfewercoldsandfeelbetter?Wouldyouliketohaveatasteofaspecialplant?

Wouldyouliketokeepaplantwithlittlecare?AnAloeVeraplantcouldbejustwhatthescientistsmay

suggest!

②GrowingAloeVeraplantsathomecanmaketheaircleanandfresh.Studieshaveshownthatthey

giveoffoxygen（O?）andtakeawayharmfulthingsfromtheair.Withcleanandfreshair,youaremorelikely

tostayawayfromcolds,sorethroatsanddrycoughs.Andevenifyoudogetsick,AloeVeraplantsmayhelp

yougetbetterfromtheillnessfaster.

③DidyouknowthatAloeVeraplantscanbeusedasmedicine?AloeVeragel（胶体）helpstodeal

withthepainofburns.Anditalsohelpswithitchiness（痒）causedbyinsectbites.Togetthisgel,justcutoff

apartoftheplant,peelit,andputthegelontheaffectedskin（患处）.Thiseasy-to-getandsafe-to-use

medicineisavailabletoyouallyearround.

（4）Apartfrommedicaluse,AloeVeraplantsarealsopopularinfoodindustry.Whetheryouare

interestedinAloejuiceorcrazyaboutAloeyogurt,you'lleasilyfindtheminthesupermarket.AloeVeracan

alsogowithothervegetablestomakeasafedishonyourdinnertable.

⑤▲.Theylikedry,warmairwithbrightlight,sotheygrowbestwhenplacednearawindow.

AloeVeraplantsareabletokeepwaterintheirleaves.So,theydonotneedtobewateredsooftenasmost

houseplants.Justwaituntiltheearthiscompletelydrybeforeyouwaterthem.Whenwatering,makesurethe

earthiswetenoughsothatitcanlastforalongtime.That'sallyouneedtodototakecareofanAloeVera

plant.Isn'tittheperfectplantforlazyandforgetfulgardeners?

24.InParagraph1,thewriterleadsintothetopicby.

A.tellingstoriesB.listingnumbers

C.givingexamplesD.askingquestions

25.WhataretheusesofAloeVeragelasmedicineinParagraph3?

a.It'sgoodforeyes.b.Itstopsnosebleed.

c.Ithelpswiththeitchiness.d.Ithelpspeopleloseweight.

e.Itdealswiththepainofbums.

A.c,eB.a,bC.b,dD.a,d

26.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttofillin"▲“inParagraph5?

A.AloeVeraplantshelpyouimprovememory

B・AloeVeraplantsareveryeasytotakecareof

C.AloeVeraplantscanserveasadeliciousdish

D.AloeVeraplantsaregood-lookinghouseplants

阅读理解

Ifyoulookaroundtheroomyouareinrightnow,you1!!probablynoticeanumberofelectronics.But

canyouimagineiftheyallhadtobejoinedtogetherbywires（电线）？Picturethewiresnakingalongthe

floor,forexample,fromyoursmartphonetoyourspeaker,orconnectingyourgamecontrollertothe

computerscreen,meaningyoucouldneversitmorethanacoupleofmetersawayfromit.Aworldof

electronicsconnectedbywireswouldn'tjustbeuntidy,butapossibledanger,too.That'swhereBluetooth

comesin.We*veallheardofit-butwhatexactlyisit?

Bluetoothisamethodofshort-distance（短星巨离）wirelesscommunicationbetweenelectronicsthat

makesuseofthepowerofradiowaves.TheideawasfirstthoughtofbyDr.JanpHaartsenatSwedish

mobilecompanyEricssonin1994.ThingsreallysteppedupinSeptember1998whentheBluetoothSpecial

InterestGroup（SIG）wassetuptodevelopandspreadthetechnology.Bluetooth1.0cameoutin1999,and

ayearlateritbegantobeusedinmobilephonesanddesktopcomputers.NowBluetoothhasbecomean

increasinglypopularwayofsolvingtheproblemofmoreandmoreelectronicsneedingtobeconnected,

withouthavingtoconnecteverythingtogetherwithwires.

Butifyoulookattheremotecontrol（温控器）youusetochoosetheprogramonTV,youmightrightly

askyourselfwhyBluetoothwassuchabigdeal.Afterall,connectingobjectswithinfraredsignals（红夕卜信

号）whichcan'tbeseenhadbeendonebefore.Theproblemwithremotecontrolsisthattheyneedtokeep

whatiscalled"lineofsight".Ifsomethingisstandingbetweentheremotecontrolandreceiver,itwon'twork.

BecauseBluetoothusesradiowaves,thethingsstandinginthewayarenolongeraproblem.

Sinceitscreationinthelate1990s,thetechnologyhasbecomemoreandmoreimprovedandwidely

used,withthe4billionthBluetoothobjectsshippedin2020.

28.Howdoesthewriterleadinthetopic“Bluetooth“inParagraph1?

A.Bydescribingscenes.B.Bycomparingfacts.

C.Bytellingstories.D.Byexplainingreasons.

29.WiththesettingupofSIG,Bluetooth

A.startedtobeusedincarsB.maderadiowavesknowntopeople

C.improvedandspreadquicklyD.wasabletoconnectallelectronics

30.FromParagraph3,wemainlygettoknowtheofBluetooth.

A.developmentB.popularityC.standardD.advantage

31.willmostprobablybeinterestedinthistext.

A.PhonesellersB.Technologyfans

C.NewspaperreportersD.Historylovers

阅读理解

ManypeoplemaywonderwhatthethreeChineseastronauts*lifewaslikewhenworkinginspace.In

fact,theydidmanyofthethingsaswedoonEarth.

Theybrushtheirteeth,washtheirhairandgotothebathroom.However,becauseofthemicrogravity（失

重）environment,theytakecareofthemselvesindifferentways.Theywashtheirhairbyusingtheno-rinse

shampootogetitcleanbecausetherearenorealshowersinthespaceship.

Astronautseatthreemealsaday:breakfast,lunchanddinner.Buthowmuchtheyeatdependsonthe

astronauts.Asmallwomanastronautoftennee