【英语】江苏省南京市、盐城市2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次模拟考试试题(解析版)

江苏省南京市、盐城市2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)略第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AStrawberrypickingisapopularandenjoyableactivityinPennsylvania.Thestate’sfavorableweatherandlonggrowingseasonmakeitafavoritepastimeforbothlocalsandtourists.Bricker’sStrawberriesItisafamily-ownedfarminCarlisle,PA,offeringpre-pickedandpick-your-ownberriesthroughouttheyear.Pricesrangefrom$2/poundforpick-your-ownberriesto$4.25/quartforpre-pickedberries.Openinghoursmayvarydependingontheweather,soit’sbesttochecktheirwebsitebeforeheadingouttothefarm.OakGroveFarmsOakGroveFarmsinMechanicsburg,PA,hasbeenafamily-ownedfarmsincethe1960s.Theyofferavarietyoffruits,anddeliciousbakedgoods,withstrawberriesbeingtheirspecialty.Pricesstartat$15fora4-quartcontainer.ThefarmstoreisopenMondaytoSaturdayfrom8:00a.m.to6:00p.m.forvisitorstomakeapurchase.HoneyBearOrchardsLocatedinLebanon,PA,itisafamily-ownedorchardprovidingfreshfruitstothecommunitysince1980.Withtheirfunandsafeatmosphere,youcanpickyourqualityfruitwithyourfriends.U-pickstrawberriescost$2/pound.Theyalsoofferpre-pickedstrawberriesforaslightlyhighercost.Youcanpaythroughcashorcheckonlyintheirshop.BrecknockOrchardBrecknockOrchardinMohnton,PA,isafamily-friendlyfarmwhereyoucanpickstrawberriesandenjoyotheractivitiesonthefarm.Wagon(马车)rideorchardtourscost$8perpersonandincludebeautifultoysforkids.Thecostofstrawberrypickingstartsat$4/pound,andtheyacceptcashandcreditcards.1.WhatdeservesyourspecialattentionifyouaregoingtoBricker’sStrawberries?A.Itsopeninghours. B.Itslocation.C.Itsfruitprices. D.Itsberrytypes.2.WhatdoesOakGroveFarmsandHoneyBearOrchardshaveincommon?A.Providingshoppingservices. B.Sharinganequallylonghistory.C.Beingownedbythesamefamily. D.Havingthesamebusinesshours.3.Whichismostsuitableforafamilywithyoungchildren?A.Bricker’sStrawberries. B.OakGroveFarms.C.HoneyBearOrchards. D.BrecknockOrchard.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个提供采摘草莓活动的果园。【答案】1.A2.A3.D【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Openinghoursmayvarydependingontheweather,soit’sbesttochecktheirwebsitebeforeheadingouttothefarm.(开放时间可能会因天气而有所不同，所以最好在去农场之前查看一下他们的网站)”可知，如果你要去布里克草莓店，营业时间值得你特别注意。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Pricesstartat$15fora4-quartcontainer.ThefarmstoreisopenMondaytoSaturdayfrom8:00a.m.to6:00p.m.forvisitorstomakeapurchase.(一个4夸脱的容器起价15美元。农家商店的营业时间是周一到周六的上午8点到下午6点，供游客购买)”以及第四段“Theyalsoofferpre-pickedstrawberriesforaslightlyhighercost.Youcanpaythroughcashorcheckonlyintheirshop.(他们还提供预先采摘的草莓，价格略高。你在他们店里只能付现金或支票)”可知，橡树林农场和蜜熊果园的共同之处是都提供购物服务。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“BrecknockOrchardinMohnton,PA,isafamily-friendlyfarmwhereyoucanpickstrawberriesandenjoyotheractivitiesonthefarm.Wagon(马车)rideorchardtourscost$8perpersonandincludebeautifultoysforkids.(宾夕法尼亚州莫恩顿的布雷克克果园是一个家庭友好型农场，在那里你可以摘草莓，享受农场的其他活动。乘坐马车游览果园的费用为每人8美元，还包括给孩子们的漂亮玩具)”可知，布雷克克果园最适合有小孩的家庭。故选D。BWinningaremarkablescienceawardisreallyabigdeal,especiallyifyouare12yearsold.ButShanyaGill,amiddleschoolerfromSanJose,California,wonthetopawardintheThermoFisherScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallengefordesigningafiredetectionsystemthatissuperiortoexistingones,asstatedinthepressrelease.“Thetopwinnershaveexhibitedboundlesscuriosity,”MayaAjmerapresidentandCEOofSocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease.“Theirremarkableresearchnotonlyreflectstheirtalentbutalsopavesthewayforanexcitingnewfuture.”Shanya’sinspirationcameafterafiredestroyedarestaurantinherneighborhoodduringthesummerof2022,reportedTheWashingtonPost.“Ihadneverreallyexperiencedsomethinglikethatbefore,”shetoldTheWashingtonPostabouttheearlymorningfireatHolder’sCountryInn,whichstartedinthekitchen.“Theyhadsmokedetectors.andyetitstillburneddown,”sheadded.Aftershestudiedfirestatistics,Shayaspentoverayeardevelopingafiredetectionsystemthatshebelievescouldhavepreventedthefire.Unliketraditionalsmokedetectorsthatsenseactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair,Shanya’sthermal(热的)imagingdeviceisdesignedtostopfiresfromoccurring.WithathermalcameraandaRaspberryPi,atinycomputerthedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.Creatingtheprototype(原型)wasdifficultandthehardestpartwastheprogramming,“Ihadtwodesigns,andmyfirstdesigncompletelyfailed.ItwasareallybigchallengeIhadtogothrough.”shesaid.Thefinaldeviceoutperformssmokedetectorsinspeedandaccuracy.Shanyawantstobringthecostsdowntomakeitevenmorecommonthanhardwiredsmokedetectors.“Shanyasawaproblem,wentafteritandtriedtosolveit,andthat’swhatweneedtoencouragewithallyoungpeople,”saidAjmera.Shealsohighlightedthesignificanceofsupportingindividuals,especiallygirlsandkidsofcolor,inSTEMfields,asresearchindicatesthatmanyyoungpeopledropoutoftheseareas.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutShanyafromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Shegainedalotofmoneyintheaward. B.Sheshowedacuriousnatureasaschooler.C.Shesetabigstageforyoungpeopleherage. D.Shewasjuniortootherwinnersinperformance.5.WhatmotivatedShanyatodevelopherfiredetectionsystem?A.Herdesiretowinthescienceaward. B.Herexperienceofadestructivefire.C.Herinterestincomputerprogramming. D.HergoaltoimproveSTEMeducationforgirls.6.WhatisanadvantageofShanya’sinvention?A.Itconsistsoftwopartsthatareeasiertoconduct.B.Itcansendoutawarningagainstapotentialfire.C.Itcandetectactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair.D.Itfunctionswhenafirebreaksoutwithin10minutes.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeShanya?A.Reliable. B.Cooperative. C.Innovative. D.Generous.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了来自加州圣何塞的中学生ShanyaGill在赛默飞世尔科学少年创新者挑战赛中获得了最高奖项，因为她设计了一种优于现有系统的火灾探测系统。文章介绍了这种系统开发背后的灵感来源以及优点。【答案】4.B5.B6.B7.C【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thetopwinnershaveexhibitedboundlesscuriosity(顶级获奖者表现出了无限的好奇心)”可知，Shanya表现出学者好奇的天性。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Shanya’sinspirationcameafterafiredestroyedarestaurantinherneighborhoodduringthesummerof2022,reportedTheWashingtonPost.(据《华盛顿邮报》报道，Shanya的灵感来自于2022年夏天一场大火烧毁了她家附近的一家餐馆)”可知，经历了一场毁灭性的火灾促使Shanya开发她的火灾探测系统。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“WithathermalcameraandaRaspberryPi,atinycomputerthedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.(该设备配有热像仪和RaspberryPi，配有一台微型计算机，当热源无人看管超过10分钟时，它就会检测到，并发出短信警告)”可知，Shanya的发明优点在于可以发出潜在火灾的警告。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ButShanyaGill,amiddleschoolerfromSanJose,California,wonthetopawardintheThermoFisherScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallengefordesigningafiredetectionsystemthatissuperiortoexistingones,asstatedinthepressrelease.(但是，来自加州圣何塞的中学生ShanyaGill在赛默飞世尔科学少年创新者挑战赛中获得了最高奖项，因为她设计了一种优于现有系统的火灾探测系统)”可推知，Shanya发明了一种优于现有系统的火灾探测系统，说明她很有创新精神。故选C。CScientistshaveshownhowplantscanprotectthemselvesagainstgenetic(基因的)damagecausedbyenvironmentalstresses.Thegrowingtipsofplantrootsandshootshaveanin-builtmechanism(机制)thatspellscelldeathifDNAdamageisdetected,avoidingpassingonfaultyDNA.Plantshavesmallpopulationsofstemcells(干细胞)atthetipsoftheirrootsandshoots,whichenablethemtocontinuouslygrowandproducenewtissuesthroughouttheirlifetime.Thesestemcellsserveasancestorsforplanttissuesandorgans.However,anygeneticfaultspresentinthestemcellswillcontinuetoexistandbepassedonpermanentlythroughouttheplant’slife,whichcouldlastthousandsofyears.Giventhecriticalroleofstemcellsandtheirexposuretopotentiallydangerousenvironmentsatthegrowingtipsofrootsandshoots,safeguardsarenecessarytopreventstemcellfaultsfrombecomingfixed.ResearchersNickFulcherandRobertSablowski,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,aimedtouncovertheseprotectivemechanisms.ThroughexperimentsinvolvingX-raysandchemicals,theydiscoveredthatstemcellsweremoresensitivetoDNAdamagecomparedtoothercells.WhenDNAdamageoccurs,thecellshavethecapacitytodetectitandcauseprogrammedcellstodie,preventingthepropagationofthedamagedgeneticcodetotherestoftheplanttissues.Thisprocesshassimilaritiestothesafeguardmechanismfoundinanimalcells,whichhasbeenbroadlystudiedduetoitsrelevanceinpreventingcancer.Theidentificationofasimilarprotectivesysteminplantsisofgreatinterestinthefieldofplantdevelopment.Italsohelpsscientistsdevelopplantsthatcanbetterhandleenvironmentalstress.Soknowledgeofhowplantsdealwiththesestressesisoffundamentalsignificancetoagriculturalscience’sresponsetoclimatechange.8.Whatisthefunctionofthein-builtmechanisminplants?A.Toproducemorerootsandshoots. B.Toincreasetheoveralllifetimeoftheplant.C.Toenhanceplantgrowthandnutrientintake. D.Tostopgeneticfaultsinstemcellspassingon.9.Whatcanweknowaboutstemcellsinplantsaccordingtothetext?A.Theyarerelativelyabundantinquantity. B.Theyareresistanttoenvironmentalstresses.C.TheymakequickresponsetoDNAdamage. D.TheyhavetheabilitytorepairdamagedDNA.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“propagation”inparagraph4mean?A.Spread. B.Change. C.Existence. D.Self-repair.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A.Thewayofdealingwithclimatechangeontheearth.B.Thesignificanceofidentifyingtheprotectivesysteminplants.C.Themethodofensuringplantsurvivalunderenvironmentalstress.D.Theurgencyofdevelopingplantsthatcanhandleenvironmentalstress.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们已经展示了植物如何保护自己免受环境压力造成的遗传损害，即植物拥有内建机制，来阻止干细胞中的基因缺陷遗传下去。【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.B【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thegrowingtipsofplantrootsandshootshaveanin-builtmechanism(机制)thatspellscelldeathifDNAdamageisdetected,avoidingpassingonfaultyDNA.(植物的根和芽的生长尖端有一个内置的机制，如果检测到DNA损伤，就会导致细胞死亡，从而避免将有缺陷的DNA传递给下一代)”可知，植物内建机制的功能是阻止干细胞中的基因缺陷遗传下去。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ThroughexperimentsinvolvingX-raysandchemicals,theydiscoveredthatstemcellsweremoresensitivetoDNAdamagecomparedtoothercells.(通过涉及x射线和化学物质的实验，他们发现干细胞比其他细胞对DNA损伤更敏感)”可知，植物中的干细胞对DNA损伤做出快速反应。故选C。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“WhenDNAdamageoccurs,thecellshavethecapacitytodetectitandcauseprogrammedcellstodie,preventingthe”以及后文“ofthedamagedgeneticcodetotherestoftheplanttissues”可知，当DNA受损时，细胞有能力检测到它，并导致程序化细胞死亡，防止受损的遗传密码传播到植物组织的其他部分。故划线词意思是“传播”。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Theidentificationofasimilarprotectivesysteminplantsisofgreatinterestinthefieldofplantdevelopment.Italsohelpsscientistsdevelopplantsthatcanbetterhandleenvironmentalstress.Soknowledgeofhowplantsdealwiththesestressesisoffundamentalsignificancetoagriculturalscience’sresponsetoclimatechange.(在植物中发现类似的保护系统在植物发育领域具有重要意义。它还帮助科学家培育出能够更好地应对环境压力的植物。因此，了解植物如何应对这些压力对农业科学应对气候变化具有重要意义)”可知，最后一段的重点是识别植物保护系统的意义。故选B。DRecently,IaccidentallyfoundasetofHanfulonlyworeoncefromthebottomofthecupboard.Irememberbuyingthemsimplytomatchtheancient-stylehairaccessories(配饰)afriendgaveme.Itoccurredtomethat1hadbeentrappedinthe“birdcageeffect”.“Birdcageeffect”meansthatwhenyougetanitemoneday,youwillpreparemorethingstomatchit.Weeksago,Iwasinthecompanyoffriendsengagedinshopping.Onesaidthatshewantedtobuyagoodwritingpentomatchthedelicatenotebookthathersistergaveher,sothatshewouldfallinlovewithtakingnotesonreading,andthuslovereading,notjustreading.Ijokedthatshemusthavefallenforthe“birdcageeffect”.Butthefriendsaidwithasmile:“Whynotusethe‘birdcageeffect’instead?”Forthefirsttime,Iheardthatthe“birdcageeffect”canbeusedinreverse(逆向).However,thiscan’thelpbutremindmeofmiddleschool,andIseemtohaveusedthe“birdcageeffect”.Passingbyabookstoreoneday,Ipurchasedamagazineandsawthecallforcontributionspublishedinthemagazine,soIstartedwritingwitheagerhands,andthenIfellinlovewithwriting.Aftershoppingwithmyfriendsthattime,Ibegantoproceedtousethe“birdcageeffect”.Iboughtasmallfreshtableclothtodecoratemydesk,andabeautifulnotebooktorecordmyinspiration.Wheneverythingwasready,Istartedwritingagain.Buthowcanwegetridofthe“birdcageeffect”inmanythings,andevenusethe“birdcageeffect”intheoppositeway?Various“birdcages”unavoidablyappearinlife,butwecandistinguishthem.Ifitisnotinlinewiththeactualsituation,itisa“negativebirdcage”,thenwemustlearntostoplossesintimeandmaintainaheartofabandonmentandseparation.Ifitisa“positivebirdcage”thatmotivatesustodevelopupward,wecanclarifyourgoals,shopordecorateappropriately,andmotivateourselvestomovetowardsourgoals.Atthistime,youwillfindthatthe“birdcageeffect”isactuallynotsoterrible!12.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theapplicationofthe“birdcageeffect”inlife.B.Thenecessityofusingthe“birdcageeffect”inlife.C.Theturningpointoftheauthor’sideaonthe“birdcageeffect”.D.Theauthor’sconflictwithherfriendoverthe“birdcageeffect”.13.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioninghermiddleschoolexperience?A.Torecallherdelightfuldaysatschool.B.Toexplainthereasonforherlovewithwriting.C.Toconfirmthepositiveofthe“birdcageeffect”.D.Toproveherknowledgeofthe“birdcageeffect”.14.Howcanwemakeuseofthe“birdcageeffect”positively?A.Byrealizingthiseffecthastwosides.B.Bypromotingourpersonalconsumption.C.Byrecognizingthiseffectisnotsoterrible.D.Byguidingouractstogowithreasonablegoals.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.GettingRidoftheBirdcageEffectConfidentlyB.MotivatingOurselvestoMoveTowardsOurGoalsC.TheBirdcageEffect:InfluenceonConsumerBehaviorD.TheBirdcageEffect:HowtoUseIttoYourAdvantage【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“鸟笼效应”以及我们该如何在生活中恰当地利用它。【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.D【12题详解】主旨大意题。第二段首句““Birdcageeffect”meansthatwhenyougetanitemoneday,youwillpreparemorethingstomatchit.Weeksago,Iwasinthecompanyoffriendsengagedinshopping.Onesaidthatshewantedtobuyagoodwritingpentomatchthedelicatenotebookthathersistergaveher,sothatshewouldfallinlovewithtakingnotesonreading,andthuslovereading,notjustreading.Ijokedthatshemusthavefallenforthe“birdcageeffect”.Butthefriendsaidwithasmile:“Whynotusethe‘birdcageeffect’instead?”(“鸟笼效应”是指当你有一天得到一件物品时，你会准备更多的东西来搭配它。几周前，我和朋友一起去购物。有的说，她想买一支好的写字笔，搭配姐姐送给她的精致笔记本，让她爱上记读书笔记，从而爱上读书，而不仅仅是读书。我开玩笑说她一定是受了“鸟笼效应”的影响。但朋友笑道：“为什么不用‘鸟笼效应’来代替呢？”)”可知，朋友告诉作者可以反向使用“鸟笼效应”，作者第一次听说“鸟笼效应”可以反向使用，由此可知，第二段主要讲述了作者对“鸟笼效应”的看法有了改变，第三段第一句话“Forthefirsttime,Iheardthatthe“birdcageeffect”canbeusedinreverse(逆向).(第一次听说“鸟笼效应”可以反向使用)”也是提示，说明作者对“鸟笼效应”的看法发生了改变，故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“However,thiscan’thelpbutremindmeofmiddleschool,andIseemtohaveusedthe“birdcageeffect”.Passingbyabookstoreoneday,Ipurchasedamagazineandsawthecallforcontributionspublishedinthemagazine,soIstartedwritingwitheagerhands,andthenIfellinlovewithwriting.(不过，这不禁让我想起了中学时代，我似乎运用了“鸟笼效应”。有一天路过一家书店，我买了一本杂志，看到杂志上刊登的征稿启事，我就开始急切地开始写作，从此我就爱上了写作)”可知，作者运用了“鸟笼效应”的结果是自己爱上了写作，这是“鸟笼效应”给作者带来的积极影响，由此可推知，作者提到她的中学经历的是为了证实“鸟笼效应”的积极作用。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ifitisa“positivebirdcage”thatmotivatesustodevelopupward,wecanclarifyourgoals,shopordecorateappropriately,andmotivateourselvestomovetowardsourgoals.(如果是一个激励我们向上发展的“积极的鸟笼”，我们可以明确自己的目标，适当的购物或装饰，激励自己朝着目标前进。)”可知，我们可以通过指导我们的行为去实现合理的目标以此来积极利用“鸟笼效应”，故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中““Birdcageeffect”meansthatwhenyougetanitemoneday,youwillpreparemorethingstomatchit.(“鸟笼效应”是指当你有一天得到一件物品时，你会准备更多的东西来搭配它。)”，第三段中“Forthefirsttime,Iheardthatthe“birdcageeffect”canbeusedinreverse(逆向).(第一次听说“鸟笼效应”可以反向使用)”和最后一段“Buthowcanwegetridofthe“birdcageeffect”inmanythings,andevenusethe“birdcageeffect”intheoppositeway?Various“birdcages”unavoidablyappearinlife,butwecandistinguishthem.Ifitisnotinlinewiththeactualsituation,itisa“negativebirdcage”,thenwemustlearntostoplossesintimeandmaintainaheartofabandonmentandseparation.Ifitisa“positivebirdcage”thatmotivatesustodevelopupward,wecanclarifyourgoals,shopordecorateappropriately,andmotivateourselvestomovetowardsourgoals.Atthistime,youwillfindthatthe“birdcageeffect”isactuallynotsoterrible!(但如何才能在很多事情上摆脱“鸟笼效应”，甚至反过来利用“鸟笼效应”呢？生活中难免会出现各种各样的“鸟笼”，但我们可以区分它们。如果不符合实际情况，就是“负面鸟笼”，那么我们就要学会及时止损，保持一颗抛弃、分离的心。如果是一个激励我们向上发展的“积极的鸟笼”，我们可以明确自己的目标，适当的购物或装饰，激励自己朝着目标前进。这时候你就会发现“鸟笼效应”其实并没有那么可怕！)”可知，文章主要介绍了“鸟笼效应”以及我们该如何在生活中恰当地利用它，D项“鸟笼效应：如何利用它来对你有利”适合作文章标题，故选D。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。PursueYourDreamsToday,NotTomorrowHaveyoucaughtyourselfdaydreamingaboutyourdreams?Weoftenpostponeourdreams,trappedinacycleofdelay.Butwhywait?_____16_____Youdon’thavetotakeahuge,life-changingstep.Youcantakeminutestepstowardabrighterfuture.Andstartrightnow.______17______Ifyounevertry,you’regoingtobeweigheddownbyyourregrets.You’realwaysgoingtowonderhowyourlifewould’veturnedoutifyouactuallytookachanceonyourself.Don’tletyourfutureselfbedisappointedbyyourpresentself.Itdoesn’tmatterhowoldyouareorhowmanypeoplehavewarnedyouthatyou’renevergoingtosucceed.Eventhemostsuccessfulpeoplehavehadtheirhesitationsaboutwhethertheyhadwhatittooktomakeitintheirfield.______18______Embraceamindsetofdetermination,knowingthatsuccessiswithinyourreach.Attheendoftheday,youneedtocarveoutapathforyourselfthatwillleadtothemostsatisfaction.Ifyouallowyourfeartogetthebestofyou,you’renevergoingtoforgiveyourself._____19_____.It’swhatyouwouldencourageyourfriendstodo,sowhyaren’tyougivingyourselfthatsamepush?Sometimes,followingyourpassionmeansspendingalotofyourtimeeachday.Itmayrequiremakingslightadjustmentstoyourschedule,butyoudon’thavetosacrificeeverythingtofollowyourhearts.Trytostrikeabalancebetweenyourcurrentlifeandyourdreams.______20______Pursueyourdreamsnow,eventhoughthatmeansyoumightneedtobreakoutofyourcomfortzone,andeventhoughitmeansenteringtheunknown.A.Askyourselfwhatwouldbeworse.B.Startingsmalliscompletelyacceptable.C.Youoweittoyourselftogoafteryourdreams.D.Newopportunitiesmayleadtopersonalgrowth.E.Ifthingsgowell,youcangraduallymakefurthershifts.F.Youneedtomovepastyourinsecuritiesandexploreyourfullpotential.G.Hardasitis,it’scrucialtowaveoffthedoubtsinthebackofyourmind.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的梦想提出了一些建议。【答案】16.B17.C18.G19.F20.E【16题详解】根据后文“Youdon’thavetotakeahuge,life-changingstep.Youcantakeminutestepstowardabrighterfuture.Andstartrightnow.(你不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步。你可以一步一步走向更光明的未来。现在就开始)”可知，后文提到了不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步，可知本句是在建议从小的地方开始。故B选项“从小处开始是完全可以接受的”符合语境，故选B。【17题详解】根据本段内容“Ifyounevertry,you’regoingtobeweigheddownbyyourregrets.You’realwaysgoingtowonderhowyourlifewould’veturnedoutifyouactuallytookachanceonyourself.Don’tletyourfutureselfbedisappointedbyyourpresentself.(如果你从不尝试，你就会被你的遗憾压垮。你总是想知道，如果你真的给自己一个机会，你的生活会变成什么样子。不要让未来的自己被现在的自己失望)”可知，本段的主旨是给自己一个改变生活的机会，即建议去追求自己的梦想。故C选项“你应该为自己去追求你的梦想”符合语境，故选C。【18题详解】根据后文“Embraceamindsetofdetermination,knowingthatsuccessiswithinyourreach.(拥有一种坚定的心态，知道成功是触手可及的)”可知，后文提到要拥有坚定的心态，可知要拜托怀疑的心态。故G选项“尽管困难重重，但摆脱心中的疑虑是至关重要的”符合语境，故选G。【19题详解】根据上文“Attheendoftheday,youneedtocarveoutapathforyourselfthatwillleadtothemostsatisfaction.Ifyouallowyourfeartogetthebestofyou,you’renevergoingtoforgiveyourself.(在一天结束的时候，你需要为自己开辟一条通往最大满足感的道路。如果你让恐惧占据了你最好的一面，你永远不会原谅自己)”可知，上文提到不要让恐惧占据了你最好的一面，即建议要克服恐惧和不安全感，来发掘潜力。故F选项“你需要克服你的不安全感，发掘你的全部潜力”符合语境，故选F。【20题详解】根据上文“Sometimes,followingyourpassionmeansspendingalotofyourtimeeachday.Itmayrequiremakingslightadjustmentstoyourschedule,butyoudon'thavetosacrificeeverythingtofollowyourhearts.Trytostrikeabalancebetweenyourcurrentlifeandyourdreams.(有时候，追随你的激情意味着每天花费大量的时间。这可能需要对你的时间表做一些调整，但你不必为了跟随自己的内心而牺牲一切。试着在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间取得平衡)”可知，上文提到了在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间取得平衡，本句为本段最后一句，故说明这么做的结果。故E选项“如果一切顺利，你可以逐渐做出进一步的改变”符合语境，故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In2008,CalvinLowe'sfour-year-oldsonTylerneededtohaveaserioussurgery.Ontheappointeddayofthe_____21_____,heandhiswifebroughtTylertoChildren’sHospitalColoradoinDenver.“Aswesatinthewaitingroom,waitingforsomeoneto_____22_____usbacktothesurgeryarea,therewasalotof______23______inourhearts,”Loweremembered.Whenanursecalledthefamilyback,Lowe’sfears______24______.Ayoungdoctorwalkedintotheroomandtoldthecouplethathewouldbe______25______thesurgery.Asthedoctorbeganto______26______howthesurgerywouldproceed,Lowe’smindwenttotheworstpossible______27______,Butthenthedoctordidsomething______28______.HelookedbothLoweandhiswifeintheeye,puta_____29_____handoneachoftheirshoulders,andsaid,“Today,yoursonismyson.”Afterthesurgerywasover,the______30______camebackouttothefamilywithabigsmileandsaid,“Oursonisjustfine,andyoucan______31______himhereinafewminutes.”Tylerisnow19yearsoldandhopestobecomeaprofessionalphotographer.Alltheseyearsafterthesurgery,Lowestill______32______theyoungdoctor’skindness.“Iwillneverforgetthat,”Lowesaid.“Becausethatwasindeeda______33______ofstressthen.Ican’ttellyouhow______34______webothwereforwhathesaidtousthatday.Itwasvery______35______andmeaningful.”21.A.injury B.accidentC.operation D.examination22.A.call B.driveC.move D.rush23.A.shock B.anxietyC.sadness D.anger24.A.faded B.grewC.appeared D.stopped25.A.receiving B.recordingC.missing D.performing26.A.learn B.discoverC.explain D.guess27.A.option B.reactionC.approach D.outcome28.A.unexpected B.confusingC.necessary D.excellent29.A.balancing B.leadingC.comforting D.directing30.A.nurse B.doctorC.patient D.photographer31.A.leave B.seeC.catch D.train32.A.passeson B.repliestoC.paysoff D.thinksabout33.A.relief B.reminderC.secret D.source34.A.eager B.proudC.grateful D.regretful35.A.helpful B.successfulC.typical D.educational【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了2008年，卡尔文·洛四岁的儿子泰勒需要做一次严重的手术，在他和妻子感到紧张和不安的时候，医生说会把他们的儿子当做自己的儿子，这安慰到了他们，缓解了当时紧张的情绪，卡尔文·洛十分感激。【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.B25.D26.C27.D28.A29.C30.B31.B32.D33.A34.C35.A【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在指定的手术日，他和他的妻子把泰勒带到丹佛的科罗拉多儿童医院。A.injury受伤；B.accident事故；C.operation操作，手术；D.examination检查。根据上文“In2008,CalvinLowe'sfour-year-oldsonTylerneededtohaveaserioussurgery.(2008年，卡尔文·洛四岁的儿子泰勒需要做一次严重的手术)”可知，此处指手术日。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当我们坐在候诊室里，等着有人叫我们回手术室的时候，我们的心里充满了焦虑，”洛回忆道。A.call呼叫；B.drive驾驶；C.move移动；D.rush急忙。根据后文“Whenanursecalledthefamilyback”指他们在等着有人来叫他们回去手术室看望病人。故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“当我们坐在候诊室里，等着有人叫我们回手术室的时候，我们的心里充满了焦虑，”洛回忆道。A.shock震惊；B.anxiety焦虑；C.sadness悲伤；D.anger愤怒。根据上文“In2008,CalvinLowe'sfour-year-oldsonTylerneededtohaveaserioussurgery.(2008年，卡尔文·洛四岁的儿子泰勒需要做一次严重的手术)”可知，儿子在做手术，因此父母是感到焦虑。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一名护士把这家人叫回来时，洛的恐惧越来越大。A.faded褪色；B.grew生长；C.appeared出现；D.stopped停止。根据上文“Whenanursecalledthefamilyback,Lowe’sfears”可知，家人被叫回去，因此对儿子手术结果的恐惧越来越大了。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位年轻的医生走进房间，告诉这对夫妇他将做这场手术。A.receiving收到；B.recording记录；C.missing错过；D.performing表演，执行。根据后文“howthesurgerywouldproceed”可知，这名医生是执行手术的人。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当医生开始解释手术将如何进行时，洛的脑子里想到了最坏的可能结果。A.learn学习；B.discover发现；C.explain解释；D.guess猜测。根据后文“howthesurgerywouldproceed”可知，医生开始解释手术将如何进行。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当医生开始解释手术将如何进行时，洛的脑子里想到了最坏的可能结果。A.option选择；B.reaction反应；C.approach方法；D.outcome结果。根据后文“Lowe’smindwenttotheworstpossible”可知，随着医生的解释，洛的脑子里想到了最坏的可能结果。故选D。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是后来医生做了一件意想不到的事。A.unexpected意外的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.necessary必要的；D.excellent出色的。根据后文“HelookedbothLoweandhiswifeintheeye,puta_________handoneachoftheirshoulders,andsaid,“Today,yoursonismyson.””可知，医生用行为和话语出乎意外地安慰了他们。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看着洛和他的妻子的眼睛，把一只安慰的手放在他们的肩膀上，说：“今天，你的儿子就是我的儿子。”A.balancing平衡；B.leading带领；C.comforting安慰；D.directing指导。根据后文“handoneachoftheirshoulders,andsaid,“Today,yoursonismyson.””可知医生的行为和话在于安慰这对夫妻。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：手术结束后，医生带着灿烂的笑容出来对这家人说：“我们的儿子很好，几分钟后你们就可以在这里看到他了。”A.nurse护士；B.doctor医生；C.patient病人；D.photographer摄影师。根据上文“Today,yoursonismyson.”可知，来通知消息是刚刚那个安慰他们的医生。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：手术结束后，医生带着灿烂的笑容出来对这家人说:“我们的儿子很好，几分钟后你们就可以在这里看到他了。”A.leave离开；B.see看见；C.catch抓住；D.train训练。根据上文“Oursonisjustfine,andyoucan”可知，手术很成功，几分钟后就可以看到儿子了。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：手术后这么多年，洛仍然想起那位年轻医生的善良。A.passeson传递；B.repliesto回答；C.paysoff取得回报；D.thinksabout想起，思考。根据后文“theyoungdoctor’skindness”指多年后，仍然想到医生的善举。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为那确实减轻了当时的压力。A.relief宽慰；B.reminder提醒物；C.secret秘密；D.source来源。根据后文“andmeaningful”可知，医生安慰的话语减轻了他们当时的压力，短语areliefofstress表示“缓解压力”。故选A。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我无法表达我们对他那天对我们说的话有多感激。A.eager渴望的；B.proud骄傲的；C.grateful感谢的；D.regretful后悔的。根据上文可知，医生的话缓解了他们压力和不安，所以是感激。故选C。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很有帮助，也很有意义。A.helpful有帮助的；B.successful成功的；C.typical典型的；D.educational教育的。上文提到医生的话缓解了他们的压力，所以是有帮助的。故选A。第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Inrecentyears,ChinahasbeenworkinghardtoimprovelivingconditionsinruralareasthroughaprogramcalledtheNewRuralDevelopmentInitiative.______36______goalofthisinitiativeistoimproveinfrastructure(基础设施),modernizefarmingpractices,andenhancetheoverallqualityoflifeforthose______37______(live)inthecountryside.Oneimportantaspectoftheinitiativeistheimprovementofruralinfrastructure______38______includestheconstructionofbetterroads,bridges,