山西省运城市2021届高三英语上学期期中试题含解析

山西省运城市2021届高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）

本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

注意事项：

1.答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，认真核对条形码上的姓

名、准考证号，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的指定位置上。

2.答题时使用0.5毫米的黑色中性（签字）笔或碳素笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3.请按照题号在各题的答题区域（黑色线框）内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。

4.保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。

5.听力部分满分30分，不计入总分。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转

涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅

读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例如：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.15.C.£9.18.

答案是B。

1.Whereistheman?

A.Inabookstore.B.Inalibrary.C.Inawaitingroom.

2.WhatwillthewomanprobablydothiscomingSunday?

A.Studyforatest.B.Callonherfriend.C.Goonapicnic.

3.Howmanyinvitationsintotaldoesthewomanhavetosend?

A.Five.B.Ten.C.Fifteen.

4.WhatdidOliverdolastweekend?

A.Hewasatameeting.B.HewenttoNewYork.C.liewatchedafootball

match.

5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

A.Waiterandcustomer.B.Hostandguest.C.Salesmanandcustomer.

第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完

后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.What'swrongwiththeman?

A.Hehasheadaches.B.Hehasarunnynose.C.Hehasatemperature.

7.Whendidtheproblembegin?

A.Twoweeksago.B.Twomonthsago.C.Threemonthsago.

听第7段材料，回答第8和9题。

8.WherehasBarbarabeen?

A.Milan.B.Florence.C.Rome.

9.WhathasBarbaragotinhersuitcase?

A.Shoes.B.Stones.C.Books.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Whatistheproblemwiththewoman'swatch?

A.Itneedscleaning.B.Itisruinedbywater.C.Itneedsanewbattery.

11.Whatdoestheshopofferifthewomanchangesabatterythere?

A.Afreebattery.B.One-yearguarantee.C.Freecleaningservice.

12.Whycan'tthewomanhaveherwatchrepairedrightaway?

A.Themancan'tfixitatthemoment.

B.Thewomandoesn，thaveenoughmoneyonher.

C.Thereisnorightbatteryintheshopnow.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

A.Inasupermarket.B.Inadepartmentstore.C.Inarestaurant.

14.Whyisthemannervous?

A.BecausethisishisfirsttimetoChina.

B.BecauseheknowsnothingaboutChinesetablemanners.

C.Becausehedoesn，tknowwhetherhelikesChinesefoodornot.

15.What'stheruleoftablemannersthewomantellsthemantoobey?

A.Tomakehimselfathome.

B.Tolearntousechopsticks.

C.Tochooselessstrongwines.

16.Whatdoesthemanhavedinnerwith?

A.Chopsticks.B.Aknifeandfork.C.Aspoon.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatanimalscanbeseenintheaquarium?

A.Sharks.B.Whales.C.Polarbears.

18.Whatfoodcanthevisitorsgivethemonkeystoeat?

A.Speciallypreparedfood.B.Sweetbiscuits.C.Fruits.

19.Wheredomorethan300speciesofbirdscomefrom?

A.SouthAfrica.B.SouthAmerica.C.SoutheastAsia.

20.Whocanhelpthevisitorsiftheyhaveanyquestions?

A.Thespeaker.B.Thefriendlyfeeders.C.Thepeopleattheinformation

desk.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

BringingGoodsintotheUK

Youareallowedtobringsomegoodsforpersonalusewithoutpayingtaxorduty.

ArrivalsfromEUcountries

YoucanbringgoodsfromEUcountrieswithoutbeingchargedtaxordutyifthey

are:

•transportedbyyourself;•&giftorforpersonaluse;•boughtwithtaxand

dutyincluded

YoucanbringalcoholandtobaccofromEUcountrieswithoutrestrictionbutan

inquirymightberequireddependingontheamountofyourgoods.

ArrivalsfromoutsidetheEU

Youwillbefreeofdutyortaxoncertainamountsofgoodsbroughtfromoutside

theEU,aslongastheyareforyourownuse.Anygoodsthatarebeyondyourallowance

shouldbedeclared.

Alcohol&tobaccoallowance

Wine

TypeofAlcoholic

CigarettesCigarsTobaccoBeer(nmtsparkingSpirits

goodsdrinks

wine)

250161

Amount200504litres2litres

gramslitreslitres

S^Therearenoduty-freeallowancesfortobaccooralcoholifyou'reunder17.

Allowanceforothergoods:

Themaximumvalueofothergoodsyoucanbringis£390.Anysingleitemthat

isworthmorethantheallowancewillbechargeddutyortaxonitsfullvalue.

Therateofdutyortaxonitemsabovetheallowanceis:

•2.5%forgoodsworthupto£630;

•decidedbythetypeofgoodsworthabove£630-checkbycallingtheVAT,Customs

andExciseHelpline.

InsidetheUK;03002003700

OutsidetheUK:+442920501261

Workingtime:8amto6pm,MondaytoFriday,

Bannedandrestrictedgoods

Goodsbannedinclude:

•illegaldrugs;•offensiveweapons;•endangeredanimalandplant,species;

•meatanddairyproductsfrommostnon-EUcountries.

Foodandplantproductsrestrictedinclude;

•productscontainingpestsanddiseases;

•productsgrownoutsidetheEU;

•productsnotforyourownuse.

Wereservetherighttoseizethegoodswhichareonsuspicionofviolating

intellectualpropertyrights.

1.WhichofthefollowingproductsfromoutsidetheEUhasthelargestduty-free

allowance?

A.Beer.B.Wine（notsparklingwine）.C.

Spirits.D.Alcoholicdrinks.

2.HowmuchtaxshallonecomingfromChinapayforaringboughtinAmericaworth

£500?

A.£2.75B.£12.5C.£110.D.£130.

3.Whichofthefollowingitemsshallbebannedorrestricted?

A.AsetofRussiandolls.B.AbottleofFrenchwine.

C.AbrickofAustraliancheese.D.ApackageofSpanishcigarettes.

【答案】1.A2.B3.C

【解析】

这是一篇应用文。文章是•篇关于能够带入英国物品的说明，包括可以带入的物品、要被征

税的物品和烟酒类产品的起征额度等信息。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据Alcohol&tobaccoallowance表格中“Beer：16litres（啤酒:16升理

是所有商品中数额最大的，故“啤酒”这种来自欧盟以外的产品有最大的免税额度。故选A。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Therateofdutyortaxonitemsabovetheallowanceis:92.5%

forgoodsworthupto£630（超过免税额的物品的税率为：・630英镑以下的商品价格为

2.5%）”可知，一个来自中国的人在美国买一枚价值500英镑的戒指要交税500*2.5%=12.5

英镑。故选B。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Goodsbannedinclude:•meatanddairyproductsfrommostnon-EU

countries.（禁止的商品包括：来自大多数非欧盟国家的肉类和奶制品）”可知，澳大利亚奶

酪砖会被禁止带入。故选C。

B

FranciscoFernandezdiedafterfallingoffamotorbike.The45-year-oldwasa

belovedcommunityfigure.Butwithapublic-facingjobandaspotonhislung,he

wasconsideredapossibleCOVID-19carrier.Adoctororderedhisfamilytoburyhim

quickly,againstPhilippinetradition,andalleightpeoplewholivedwithhimwere

putundera14-dayquarantine（隔离）intheircrowdedhome.

YetwhenAnthonyCortez,thedoctorwhohadorderedtherushedburialand

quarantine,arrivedtocheckontheFernandezfamily,noneofthemexpressedanger.

Instead,faceslitupandthekidswavedeagerly.

Cortez,theonlycommunitydoctorinBambang,hasoverseentheirmedicalcare

foryears.Theytrusthim,andhemakesthemlaugh.Thefamilygatheredoutsideto

havetheirtemperaturestakenbythedoctor.WhenthekidstriedtogiveCortezhigh

fivesfornothavingafever,the56-year-old,inasurgicalmask,faceshield,and

rubbergloves,showed"airfives"instead.Forthe56000peoplelivinginBambang,

Cortezistheirprimarycaregiverandthefirstresponder.

Whenthefirstcoronavirus（冠状病毒）caseinthePhilippineswasconfirmedon

January30,thetown，sresponsefelltoCortez.HeandMayorPepitoBalgosdecided

totakeactionbasedonsciencethat,ifnecessary,wouldgobeyondnational

restrictions.CortezandBalgosaresharplyawareofthethreatthevirusposesto

Bambang,whichsitsinavalleysurroundedbymountains.AnyonegoingsouthtoManila

ornorthtowardtherestofthecountryendsuppassingthroughBambang.

Cortezquicklysetupasystemofcontacttracing.Usinginformationfromthe

town*s25villages,hemadealistofallthepeoplewhohadtraveledtoother

countries,andplacedthemunderstricthomequarantine.Anyonewithsymptomswould

bemovedtoacentersetupinthemountains.Sofarthatcenterhasremainedempty.

〃Itissafertoassumethateverybodyispositive,heexplained.

4.WhatisCortez，reactiontothedeathofFranciscoFernandez?

A.Expressinghissympathy.B.Drowninghimselfintomourn.

C.Showingprofessionalsensitivity.D.Followingthetradition.

5.OnwhatbasisdoesCorteztakestrictmeasurestoprotectBambang?

AItsgeographiccharacter.B.Itslackofmedicalstaff.

C.Itslargepopulation.D.Thedemandofthenation.

6.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecontacttracingsystembyCortez?

A.Itistotallyawasteofeffort,B.Itiscomplainedaboutbylocal

people.

C.Itispraisedbyhigherauthorities,D.Itiseffectiveasaprotective

means.

7.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.B.Anovel,C.Amagazine.D.A

biography.

【答案】4.C5.A6.D7,C

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了乡村医生Cortez针对村民感染新冠病毒的现状，结合国家疫

情防控形势和村子的地理特征，果断采取措施，降低村民感染率的故事。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。由第一段内容尤其是最后一句"Adoctororderedhisfamilytoburyhim

quickly,againstPhilippinetradition,andalleightpeoplewholivedwithhimwere

putundera14-dayquarantine（隔离）intheircrowdedhome.n可知，Cortez依据死

者的死亡检查报告和疫情情况，迅速做出反应并立即对死者的家人采取隔离措施。由此可推

知，Cortez展现出了他的职业敏感性。故选C项。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。由第四段最后两句"CortezandBalgosaresharplyawareofthethreatthe

virusposestoBambang,whichsitsinavalleysurroundedbymountains.Anyonegoing

southtoManilaornorthtowardtherestofthecountryendsuppassingthrough

Bambang.M可知，Bambang地处交通要道，Cortez意识到疫情可能会对它产生影响，决定采

取严格的防控措施。故选A项。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后两句"Anyonewithsymptomswouldbemovedtoacenter

setupinthemountains.Sofarthatcenterhasremainedempty."可知，任何出现

了症状的人都会被送往山区的隔离点，而现在山区的隔离点还没有人。由此可推知，Cortez

建立的接触追踪系统是有效的。故选D项。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了乡村医生Cortez投身于新冠病毒防控的故事。由

此可推知，本文很有可能选自杂志。故选C项。

C

Withtheweathergettinghot,bitescausedbymosquitoesnotonlyannoypeople,

butcanresultinmanyinfectiousdiseases.Evenwhenpeoplewearlongclothes,

mosquitoes'complexbitingmechanismenablesthemtobitesomeofthemthrough.

Itwouldbegreatifclothingcouldbeusedtocompletelypreventpeoplefrom

gettingbitten.Researcherstestedgraphene（石墨烯），amaterialthatisincredibly

thinbutreallystrong,inordertofindoutifitcanmakeclothingresistantto

mosquitoes.

Inthelabexperiment,volunteersexposedasmallpatchofskinontheirarm

orhandtoroughly100mosquitoesforfiveminutesatatime.Researcherstested

threedifferentsituations:volunteerswearingnoprotection,wearingcheesecloth

（薄纱棉布），orwearingcheeseclothplusathingraphenelayerunderit.

Avideocamerawasthenusedtorecordandquantifymosquitoes*behavior,

includingwhethertheylandedontheskin,howlongtheystayedthere,andwhether

theybegantodrawblood.Thenumberofbiteseachvolunteergotwasalsocalculated

basedonhowmanyswellingsdevelopedontheirskinafterward.Finally,researchers

droppedalittlewaterorsweatontopofthegraphenelayerandstudiedthe

consequence,andtheyalsotestedaslightlydifferent

graphenelayercalled"reducedgraphene”.

Asaresult,thenumberofmosquitobitesonnakedskinwasthehighest,about

16onaverage;skinonlyprotectedbycheeseclothgotthesecond,approximately10

perfiveminutes，exposure.Theexcitingfindingwasthattherewasnoswelling

developingonskincoveredbythethingraphenelayerundercheesecloth,whichmeans

thematerialiseffectiveatpreventingmosquitobites.Themosquitoeslandedon

skintotallyuncoveredorcoveredincheeseclothabout23timesonaverage,and

stayedforonetotwominutes.Comparatively,themosquitoeslandedonskincovered

inthegraphenelayerfewerthan10times,andthelengthoftheirstaywasmuch

shorter.Besides,waterorsweatcanruinthegraphenelayer,whichallowsmosquitoes

tobitethroughit.Butfortunately,thenumberofmosquitobitesineitherdryor

wetconditionscanbeloweredaslongasthegraphenematerialisimprovedtoa

certainextent.

8.Whydidresearchersconducttheexperiment?

A.Torecordthebehaviorofmosquitoes.

B.Tofindasubstancetopreventmosquitobites.

C.Tofindasolutiontostopinfectiousdiseases.

D.Totestgraphene，seffectivenessinpreventingmosquitobites.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"draw"inPargraph4probablymean?

A.bleedB.loseC.testD.suck

10.Inwhichwaydidresearchersdrawaconclusion?

A.Byanalyzingthereasons.B.Bycomparingthestatistics.

C.Byclassifyingthreesituations.D.Byrecordingmosquitoes'

behavior.

11.Whichofthefollowingshowshowthetextisdeveloped?

A.Cause-effect.B.Opinion-fact.

C.Assumption-conclusion.D.Phenomenon-evaluation.

【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述科学家们通过研究发现石墨烯制成的衣服在应对蚊虫叮咬方面有

一定的效果。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Itwouldbegreatifclothingcouldbeusedtocompletely

preventpeoplefromgettingbitten.Researcherstestedgraphene（石墨烯），amaterial

thatisincrediblythinbutreallystrong,inordertofindoutifitcanmakeclothing

resistanttomosquitoes.（如果衣服能完全防止人们被咬，那就太好了。研究人员测试了

石墨烯，一种非常薄但非常结实的材料，以确定它是否能使衣服抵抗蚊子。）”可知，研究

者做这个实验的目的是测试石墨烯预防蚊虫叮咬的有效性。故选Do

【9题详解】

词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句"Avideocamerawasthenusedtorecordandquantify

mosquitoes'behavior,includingwhethertheylandedontheskin,howlongtheystayed

there,andwhethertheybegantodrawblood（然后用一台摄像机记录和量化蚊子的行

为，包括它们是否落在皮肤上，停留多长时间，以及它们是否开始吸血。）和常识可知，蚊

子停留在人的皮肤上目的就是吸血，由此可知，此处〃draw〃的意思是suck“吸”。故选D。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段"Asaresult,thenumberofmosquitobitesonnakedskin

wasthehighest,about16onaverage;skinonlyprotectedbycheeseclothgotthe

second,approximately10perfiveminutes'exposure.（结果，蚊子叮咬裸露皮肤的

次数最多，平均约16次;只有粗棉布保护的皮肤得到第二，大约每5分钟10次。）和“The

mosquitoeslandedonskintotallyuncoveredorcoveredincheeseclothabout23times

onaverage,andstayedforonetotwominutes.（这些蚊子平均有23次降落在没有遮

盖的皮肤上，或者被纱布覆盖，停留1到2分钟。）”可推知，研究者们通过比较数据得出

结论的。故选B。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段“Itwouldbegreatifclothingcouldbeusedtocompletely

preventpeoplefromgettingbitten.（如果衣服能被用来完全防止人们被叮咬，那就太

好了o）”和最后一段“Butfortunately,thenumberofmosquitobitesineitherdry

orwetconditionscanbeloweredaslongasthegraphenematerialisimprovedto

acertainextent.（但幸运的是，只要石墨烯材料在一定程度上得到改善，无论是干燥还

是潮湿条件下，蚊子叮咬的次数都可以降低。）”可得知，本文通过先提出假设再得出结论

的方式来介绍本文内容的。故选C。

D

Chinesescientistshaveusedlaserstoaccuratelyidentifyspacedebrisinthe

Earth'sorbit.

Theteamappliedaspeciallydevelopedsetofrulestolaser-rangingtelescopes,

whichenabledthemtoidentifyspacejunkmoreeffectivelythanprevioustechniques.

uAfterimprovingthepointingaccuracyofthetelescopethroughaneuralnetwork,

spacedebriswithacrosssectionalareaofonesquaremeteratadistanceof1,500

kilometerscanhedetected,“TianmingMa,anauthorofthestudyfromtheChinese

AcademyofSurveyingandMapping,saidinastatement.

AccordingtoNASA,orbitaldebrisisanyman-madeobjectinorbitaroundthe

Earththatnolongerservesausefulfunction.Debriscanincludenon-functional

spacecraft,abandonedlaunchvehiclestages,andothermission-relatedspacejunk.

ItposesasignificantrisktoastronautsandspacecraftinorbitabovetheEarth

asittravelsveryfast-upto18,000milesperhour,whichisfasterthanabullet.

Worryingly,thereareestimatedtobemanymillionsoftinydebrispiecesin

low-Earthorbit,andtensofthousandstimeslargerthanasoftball,thespaceagency

said.Fortunately,therehavebeensurprisinglyfewcollisions.

Inthestudy,Maandhisteamusedtwodifferentneuralnetworkstohelpidentify

spacedebriswiththelaser-rangingtelescope.Theythentestedthismethodagainst

moretraditionaltechniques.Accordingtotheteam,thisisthefirsttimethat

neuralnetworkshavebeenusedtosignificantlyimprovethepointingaccuracyof

alaser-rangingtelescope.Theysaythelatestfindingscouldhavesignificant

implicationsformanoeuvringspacecraftinorbit.

Laser-rangingtechnologyhaspreviouslybeenusedtodetectspacejunk.However,

thesesystemshavelimitationswhenitcomestoaccuratelyidentifyingsmall,

fast-movingpieces.Infact,previouslaser-rangingmethodshaveonlybeenaccurate

toabout0.6miles.Inanattempttooverconetheinaccuraciesoflaser-ranging

techniques,theChineseteamusedso-calledneuralnetworkstoimprovethe

effectivenessoftheirtelescopesystem.Neuralnetworksarecomputingsystemswhich

areinspiredbybiologicalnetworksinthebrainandhavetheabilitytolearnto

becomebetterattaskswithoutbeinggivenaspecificsetofrulestofollow.

12.HowhaveChinesescientistsmadeprogressinidentifyingspacedebris?

A.Byimprovingtheaccuracyoflasertechnology.

B.Byadoptingnewlydevelopedtelescopesystems.

C.Byupgradingtheadvancedtraditionaltechnology.

D.Byapplyingneuralnetworkstolaser-rangingtelescopes.

13.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Theintroductiontoorbitaldebris.B.Theadvantagesofneural

network.

C.ThethreatofspacejunktotheEarth.D.Theimportanceofdetecting

spacedebris.

14.Whatisthepurposeofthefourthparagraph?

A.Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.B.Toprovidesomeadvicefor

scientists.

C.Tosummarizethepreviousparagraphs.D.Tointroduceanewtopicfor

discussion.

15.Whatdoweknowaboutneuralnetworksfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theycanspeedupcomputingsystems.

B.Theycanlearntoperformbetterindependently.

C.Theycandetectspacejunkinlow-Earthorbit.

D.Theycanperformtasksaccuratelyunderasetofrules.

【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.B

【解析】

这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了中国科学家已经使用激光精确识别了地球轨道上空间碎

片。文章对这项技术进行了简单说明，介绍了轨道碎片的相关知识以及这项研究的一些背景

知识。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Theteamappliedaspeciallydevelopedsetofrulesto

laser-rangingtelescopes,whichenabledthemtoidentifyspacejunkmoreeffectively

thanprevioustechniques.4Afterimprovingthepointingaccuracyofthetelescope

throughaneuralnetwork,spacedebriswithacrosssectionalareaofonesquare

meteratadistanceof1,500kilometerscanhedetected,'TianmingMa,anauthor

ofthestudyfromtheChineseAcademyofSurveyingandMapping,saidina

statem6nt.（该团队将一套专门开发的规则应用于激光测距望远镜，使他们能够比以往的技

术更有效地识别太空垃圾。'通过神经网络提高望远镜的指向精度后，在1500公里的距离

上，横截面面积为1平方米的空间碎片就可以被他发现。'来自中国测绘科学院的研究作者

马天明说）”可知，在太空碎片识别方面，中国科学家通过将神经网络应用于激光测距望远

镜从而取得了进展。故选D。

【13题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第三段aAccordingtoNASA,orbitaldebrisisanyman-madeobject

inorbitaroundtheEarththatnolongerservesausefulfunction.Debriscaninclude

non-functionalspacecraft,abandonedlaunchvehiclestages,andother

mission-relatedspacejunk.Itposesasignificantrisktoastronautsandspacecraft

inorbitabovetheEarthasittravelsveryfast-upto18,000milesperhour,which

isfasterthanabullet.Worryingly,thereareestimatedtobemanymillionsoftiny

debrispiecesinlow-Earthorbit,andtensofthousandstimeslargerthanasoftball,

thespaceagencysaid.Fortunately,therehavebeensurprisinglyfewcollisions.（根

据美国国家航空航天局的说法，轨道碎片是指在地球轨道上的人造物体，它们不再有任何有

用的功能。碎片包括无法使用的航天器、废弃的运载火箭级和其他与任务相关的太空垃圾。

它的速度高达每小时1.8万英里，比子弹还快，这对地球上空轨道上的宇航员和航天器构成

了重大风险。令人担忧的是，据估计近地轨道上有数以百万计的微小碎片，比垒球大数万倍,

航天局说。所幸的是，碰撞事件出奇的少）”可知，第三段的主要内容是介绍轨道碎片。故

选Ao

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Inthestudy,Maandhisteamusedtwodifferentneural

networkstohelpidentifyspacedebriswiththelaser-rangingtelescope.Theythen

testedthismethodagainstmoretraditionaltechniques.Accordingtotheteam,this

isthefirsttimethatneuralnetworkshavebeenusedtosignificantlyimprovethe

pointingaccuracyofalaser-rangingtelescope.Theysaythelatestfindingscould

havesignificantimplicationsformanoeuvringspacecraftinorbit.（在这项研究中，

马和他的团队使用两种不同的神经网络来帮助激光测距望远镜识别空间碎片。然后，他们用

更传统的技术来测试这种方法。据该团队称，这是神经网络首次被用于显著提高激光测距望

远镜的指向精度。他们表示，最新的发现可能对操纵轨道上的航天器具有重大意义）”可推

知，第四段主要介绍了一些这项研究背景，即第四段的目的是补充一些背景信息。故选A。

【15题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中uNeuralnetworksarecomputingsystemswhichare

inspiredbybiologicalnetworksinthebrainandhavetheabilitytolearntobecome

betterattaskswithoutbeinggivenaspecificsetofrulestofollow.（神经网络

是一种计算系统，它受到大脑中生物网络的启发，有能力在没有特定规则遵循的情况下学习

并更好地完成任务）”可知，神经网络可以学会更好地独立完成任务。故选B。

第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

Howtocongratulatesomeone

Joyfultimegoeshandinhandwithcongratulations.Whenyouaddressgraduates,

newly-weds,oranyonewithgoodnews,ahearty"Congratulations!”isinorder.To

sendcongratulationsmoreeffectively,you'dbetterobeythefollowingthreetips.

16Whenthereissomethingtocelebrate,don，tskirtaroundtheissue.

Explainwhyyoucongratulatethepersonrightoffthebat.17Besides,you

shouldsettherighttoneandsendcongratulationswiththerightwordstoshare

intheperson，shappinessmoreeasily.

Expresshowyoufeelaboutthesubject.18Forinstance,youmaysaythat

youadorethepersonwhotrieshardtoachievehisorhergoal,ormerelysayTm

sohappyforyou”.Rememberthatyourtoneofvoicecanreallycarryweight.19

Trytomakeyourcongratulationssincere.Yououghttomakeyourwordsand

actionsheartfelt,forwhateverreasonyousendcongratulationstosomeone.Surely

therewillbemomentswhenyourcomplimentsarenotgivenfromthebottomofyour

heart.20Remindyourselftocongratulateotherpeopleratherthannursing

jealousy,becausetheremaycomeatimewhenit'syourturntobeinthespotlight.

A.Spreadtheword.

B.Beasexpressiveasyoucan.

C.Bringupthesubject.

D.Butyou'dbetterbeasgenerousaspossible.

E.Youcanalsotellhimorherhowyouheardthenewsifnecessary.

F.Youfeelforcedtocongratulatesomeonewhenyouarenotreallyhappyforthem.

G.Youcanfurtherconveyyourfeelingsappropriatelyaftersaying

congratulations.w

【答案】16.C17.E18.G19.B20.D

【解析】

【分析】本文是说明文。短文介绍了了如何祝贺别人的三个技巧。

【详解】1.根据选项位置以及第二段中“Whenthereissomethingtocelebrate,don，t

skirtaroundtheissue.n当有什么值得庆祝的时候，不耍回避这个问题。可知，在有值

得庆祝的事情时、不要回避话题，即我们要提出这个话题。选项C."Bringupthesubject"

提起话题，可以概括本段。故选C。

2.根据前文“Explainwhyyoucongratulatethepersonrightoffthebat.”解释一

下你为什么要马上祝贺那个人。选项E.“Youcanalsotellhimorherhowyouheardthe

newsifnecessary.”如果有必要，你也可以告诉他或她，你是怎么听到这个消息的。是对

上文的解释，故选E。

3.根据前文“Expresshowyoufeelaboutthesubject.v表达你对这个话题的感受。可

知，接下来为阐述你对这件事情的感受。选项G.“Youcanfurtherconveyyourfeelings

appropriatelyaftersaying"congratulations.”你可以在说完“恭喜”之后，再进一

步表达你的感受。是对前文的补充和延续，符合文意，故选G。

4.上文提到“Rememberthatyourtoneofvoicecanreallycarryweight”记住你的语

气要有分量，所以在表达情感时要注意语气，尽量表现出来，选项B.“Beasexpressiveas

youcan.”尽可能的表现出来。符合文意，故选B。

5.结合上文提至！JuSurelytherewillbemomentswhenyourcomplimentsarenotgiven

fromthebottomofyourheart.”当然，有些时候你的赞美不是发自内心的选项与上文为

转折关系。选项D.“Butyou'dbetterbeasgenerousaspossible."但你最好尽量慷

慨一点。呼应主题句“尽量使你的祝贺真诚”。故选D。

第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满