2023年高考英语真题题源解密（新高考卷）专题03 阅读理解C篇（说明文）（解析版）

专题03阅读理解C篇（说明文）（2023·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇）Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.28.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded. B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.重点词汇：1.minimalism2.philosophy3.foundation4.increasingly5.intolerable6.conclude7.adopt8.optional9.massive10.encounter11.sustainable12.leisure13.mindless14.toolbox15.minimalist16.particular17.circumstance语篇解读主旨概要本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。原文出处DigitalMinimalism_ChoosingaFocusedLifeinaNoisyWorld[2019]--CalNewport语言知识词汇默写1.minimalism2.philosophy3.foundation4.increasingly5.intolerable6.conclude7.adopt8.optional9.massive10.encounter11.sustainable12.leisure13.mindless14.toolbox15.minimalist16.particular17.circumstance词汇答案1.minimalismn.(艺术)极简主义2.philosophyn.哲学；哲理3.foundationn.根基；基础；根据；创建；基金(会)4.increasinglyadv.逐渐地；越来越多地5.intolerableadj.无法忍受的；难耐的6.concludevt.推断出；缔结；使结束vi.结束；总结；作决定；作协议7.adoptv.采用；收养；接受8.optionaladj.任选的9.massiveadj.巨大的；大量的；大规模的；大范围的；严重的10.encountern.意外的相见；邂逅；遭遇v.遭遇；遇到；偶然碰到11.sustainableadj.可持续的；合理利用的；养得起的；可承受的12.leisuren.闲暇；休闲13.mindlessadj.不留神的；不顾虑的；无需动脑的；愚蠢的14.toolboxn.工具箱15.minimalistn.最低限要求者16.particularadj.特定的；专指的；特殊的；特别的；挑剔的n.详情；细节17.circumstancen.环境；详情；事件；(复数)境况重点短语1.dividesthinto把……分为2.moveon接着，继续3.stepawayfrom远离4.carryout施行；实现5.drawon凭借；动用；引用6.takeacloserlookat深度探索长难句分析1.Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.句意为：这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学。句型分析：该句式简单句，主干为“Thegoalofthisbookisto…,andthentoteach…”,其中“includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks”非谓语动词结构是对前面的名词“digitalminimalism”进行补充说明。2.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.句意为：在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先检查了使如此多的人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的力量，然后进入了数字极简主义哲学的详细讨论。句型分析：句子主干为“Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism”，其中starting非谓语结构为伴随状语，定语从句“thataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable”修饰名词forces，“beforemovingonto”作为时间状语。3.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.句意为：在三十天结束时，你将添加一小部分精心挑选的在线活动，你相信这些活动会给你所珍视的东西带来巨大的好处句型分析：这是复合句，其中句子主干为“youwillthenaddbackonlineactivities”，其中定语从句“thatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.”修饰前面的名词activities。4.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.句意为：在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理。句型分析：这是复合句，其中句子主干为“I’lldrawonanexperiment”，其中定语从句“Iranin2018”省略了引导词that，修饰experiment，另一个定语从句“inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.”同样修饰experiment，表示在这个实验中……5.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.句意为：您将听到这些参与者的故事，并了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的哪些陷阱您应该避免。句型分析：该句为复合句，主干为“You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearn”，其中and连接两个宾语从句“whatstrategiesworkedwellforthem”和“whattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid”，都作learn的宾语。6.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.句意为：每一章都以一系列实践作为结尾，这些实践旨在帮助您实现本章的宏伟构想。句型分析：该句为复合句，主干为“Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,”，其中非限制性定语从句“whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter”修饰前面的名词practices。7.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.句意为：你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合你特定情况的极简主义生活方式。句型分析：该句为复合句，句子主干为Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolbox，其中“meanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestyle”非谓语结构为目的状语，定语从句“thatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances”修饰前面的名词lifestyle。【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.(这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.(这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.(在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.(你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。（2023·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.29.Whataretheselectedartworksabout?A.Wealthandintellect. B.Homeandschool.C.Booksandreading. D.Workandleisure.30Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A.Understand. B.Paint.C.Seize. D.Transform.31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.全文大意《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一种日常物品的庆祝——书籍，它在来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术作品中均有体现。读者的形象在历史上始终存在，即使在我们现在所熟知的书籍问世之前，艺术家们就已经以书籍和阅读为题材进行创作。在艺术家们对书籍和阅读的描绘中，我们可以看到超越文化和时代的共享人性的瞬间。在这本"书中之书"中，艺术作品被精选并以一种强调不同时代和文化之间联系的方式进行编排。我们可以看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，书籍成为代表不同代际关系的焦点。成年人在许多场景和姿势中被描绘成独自一人——沉浸在一本书中，深思或陶醉于休闲的时刻。这些场景可能绘制于几百年前，但记录了我们都能产生共鸣的瞬间。书籍本身在绘画中可以被象征性地使用，以展示主题的才智、财富或信仰。在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍就是珍贵的物品，本身可以成为艺术品。最近，随着书籍变得廉价甚至可以随意丢弃，艺术家们将它们作为艺术品的原材料——将封面、页码甚至整本书转化为绘画和雕塑。通信技术的不断发展曾一度被认为使印刷页面过时。从21世纪的角度来看，印刷书肯定是古老的，但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有交互性。为了发挥其功能，书籍必须由使用者激活：打开封面，翻开页面，审阅内容，也许写下笔记或划线。与我们日益网络化的生活形成对比的是，我们消费的信息受到监控和追踪，而印刷书仍然提供了一个完全私密的、"脱机"的活动机会。语言知识词汇默写1.representation2.shared3.humanity4.selected5.emphasize6.portray7.absorbed8.volume9.symbolically10.demonstrateintellect12.faith13.treasured14.inexpensive15.throwawayraw17.transform18.sculpture19.outdated20.interactivebattery-powered22.activate23.increasingly24.consumemonitor26.track27.wholly28.networked词汇答案1.代表,描述2.共享的，共同的3.人性4.被挑选，精选的5.强调6.描绘7.被吸引，专注于8.卷9.象征性地10.展示11.智力12.信仰13.珍贵的14.廉价的15.可随意丢弃的16.原始的17.转变18.雕塑19.过时的20.互动的21.电池驱动的22.激活23.越来越多24.消费25.监控26.跟踪27.完全28.网络化的重点短语aroundtheworld全世界2cameintobeing产生3.relateto涉及，和...有关4.incontrastto与...形成对照5comeintobeing出现，存在6gobeyondsth超过（或超出）某事；7.(be)absorbedinsth被•…吸引住，全神贯注8.deepinthought陷入沉思9.belostin陷入⋯⋯10.printingpress11.workofart艺术品12inone’sownright凭借自身的资格13.rawmaterial原材料，素材；14communicationtechnology通信技术15pointofview观点，看长难句分析1.ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.句意为：《阅读艺术：献给书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一个日常物品——书籍的庆祝，这里用来代表该书籍的是来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术作品。句型分析：主语：ReadingArt:ArtforBookLovers谓语：is表语acelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook。“representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld”为过去分词做定语修饰thebook。Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing．句意为：阅读者的形象是贯穿历史的，早在我们如今熟知的书籍出现之前很久，就己展现阅读者形象的艺术作品问世。句型分析：主语Theimage谓语appears.“throughouthistory”和“inart...”作状语，madelongbeforebookscameintobeing作后置定语，修饰art;aswenowknowthem为插入语。Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks-transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.句意为：最近，由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意丢弃，艺术家们己经将书籍用作艺术品的原材料，将书籍的封面、内页甚至整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。本句为主从复合句，主句的主语artists谓语haveused宾语them介词短语astherawmaterialforartwork做状语soas引导原因状语从句，主句后的动词-ing短语作伴随状语。【答案】28.B29.C30.A31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。【28题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.(ReadingArt:ArtforBookLovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.(在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.(艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。【30题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.(艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmoments(这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relateto”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。【31题详解】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“itremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader(它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity(印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。【命题意图】试卷所选阅读语篇围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题语境。2023年新课标I卷阅读理解C篇讲述了讲述数字时代的极简生活，文章中提到的30天不用手机，用这个时间发展自己的兴趣爱好，回归极简生活，专业词汇多，解题有一定难度。阅读素材，考查整体阅读与深度阅读的能力，需要从头到尾理解文章，而不单单从字面搜寻信息。C篇，提到了digitalminimalism“数码极简”以及solitude独处的妙处，是对现在人们过度依赖数码产品，依赖网络以及把过多时间消耗在缺乏思考的设备之上的一种反思，也是改变这样生活方式的一种温和呼吁。2023年新课标II卷阅读阅读C篇说明文，主要介绍了收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地的收藏品的的一本书--ReadingArt:ArtforBookLovers。书中以艺术作品的形式记录了不同时期人们阅读的场景，论述了在通信技术发达的现在，纸质书仍然具有互动性，并没有过时。引导学生养成喜爱读书、善于求知的学习习惯。【考查要点】2023年新课标I卷阅读C篇文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。主要考查学生细节理解能力、词义猜测能力和推理判断能力；细节理解题1题，词义猜测1题、推理判断题2题。2023年新课标II卷阅读C篇，文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。主要考查学生细节理解能力和推理判断能力、词义猜测能力。细节理解题1道题，推理判断题2道，词义猜测题1道。【课标链接】依据新课程标准阅读理解部分试题考查的就是对语篇重要细节信息和关键信息的理解和推断能力。深入考查基础语言知识旨在引导中学教学依据课程标准，帮助学生掌握语音、词汇、语法、语篇和语用等基础语言知识，了解基础文化知识；引导学生深入学习和理解语篇所表达的主题意义，养成一定的语言意识和英语语感。【1】（2022·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇）Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.”“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed.”“It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing(该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”(有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，RuthXavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“oneofthefirst(第一批人之一)”可知WendyWilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin(开始)”含义相近。故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”(“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。【2】（2022·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇）Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws."Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.29.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A.Whereadrivercamefrom. B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.C.Howfastadriverwasgoing. D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws.31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer-【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.B【解析】【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据句中的“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。【3】（2021·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇）WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.28.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands. B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers. D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire. B.Export.C.Destroy. D.Distribute.30.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A.Thestamppricehasgonedown. B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting. D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.31.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStory B.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowl D.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据前一句“NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A.Acquire获得；B.Export出口；C.Destroy破坏；D.Distribute分配。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarsh