2022届哈三中高考英语五模试卷含答案

2021-2022高考英语模拟试卷

考生请注意：

1.答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。

2.第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的

位置上。

3.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）

1.IwishIatmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.

A.willbeB.wouldbe

C.havebeenD.hadbeen

2.Mikewasusuallysocareful,thistimehemadeasmallmistake.

A.yetB.stillC.evenD.thus

3.AlthoughMailerwasnotaloneinwelcomingthefloweringofcreativity,theauthoritieshatedit,didmany

passengers.

A.whichB.asC.thatD.so

4.Manyuniversitiesthroughouttheworldprovidescholarshipsforstudentsfinancialaid.

A.infavourofB.inneedof

C.infaceofD.inhonourof

5.-Sorryforhavingkeptyouwaiting.Butforthetrafficjam,I20minutesearlier—Nevermind9I

haven'tbeenwaitingthatlong.

A.arrivedB.wouldhavearrived

C.wouldarriveD.hadarrived

6.Thankstoherdeterminationandperseveranceonthepianolesson,shehasagraspofthesubject.

A.comprehensiveB.confidential

C.conservativeD.compulsory

7.BythetimeIsawtheangryexpressiononhisface,IexactlywhatIwashavingtoface.

A.knewB.hadknownC.wouldknowD.haveknown

8.Thenewproductisbeyondallpraiseandhasquicklytakenoverthemarketitssuperiorquality.

A.intermsofB.onaccountof

C.onbehalfofD.ontopof

9.Someexpertsfearthattoo-earlytocomputerswillhaveharmfulconsequencesforchildren'sdevelopment.

A.exposureB.extension

C.exhibitionD.expansion

10.Nothavingworkedouttheprogram,leavetheoffice.

A.sohewasforbiddentoB.andhedidn'twantto

C.hislittlesoncouldn'tmakehimD.becouldn'tfreehimselfto

11.Theshockingnewsmademerealizeterribleproblemswewouldface.

A.thatB.how

C.whyD.what

12.Ibelievedhimtobehonestbuthisactionsshowedthathehad.

A.thetopdogB.thefeetofclay

C.hiscupofteaD.theappleofhiseye

13.InAustralia,manyroadsignsarenowbothinEnglishandChinese,iteasierforChinesetouriststotravel.

A.makingB.madeC.makeD.makes

14.Wefirmlybelievethatthenewexaminationsystemcomesintoexistence,completelynewsituationswillarise.

A.consideringB.supposedC.providingD.given

15.WhereismyChinesebook?IrememberIputithereyesterday.

•一Youitinthewrongplace.

A.mustputB.shouldhaveput

C.mighthaveputD.mightput

16.ProfessorWanginourschooltillnextSunday.

A.willhavestayedB.hasstayedC.isstayingD.stayed

17.-Areyoureadyforthehistorytesttomorrow?

-No,IwishItheclockback.

A.hadturnedB.couldturn

C.willturnD.wouldhaveturned

18.I'mmostawfullygratefultoyou.Ican'tthinkwhatIwithoutyou.

A.coulddoB.woulddo

C.shouldhavedoneD.musthavedone

19.Whilehisapproachwasacompletefromestablishedpractices,theresultwassatisfactory.

A.separationB.prohibitionC.departureD.judgment

20.Aftershebecameill,Ifeltwithher—shewascheerywhileIfeltgloomy.

A.outoftuneB.outofbreathC.outofcuriosityD.outofmind

第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

21.（6分）ResearcherswiththeUniversityofCambridgesaytheyhavethefirstrealevidenceofanewstateof

matter,some40yearsafteritwasfirsttheorized.

Knownas"quantumspinliquid（量子旋转水）“，thematterstatecausesnormallyunbreakableelectronstobreak

intopiecescalled“Majoranafermions.”Thesefermionsareanimportantdiscovery.Physicistsbelievethematerialis

vitaltofurtherdevelopquantumcomputing.ComputersemployingMajoranafemuonswouldbeabletocarryout

calculationsbeyondthescaleofmoderncomputersquickly,theysay.

Quantumspinliquidexplainssomeoftheeccentricbehaviorsinsidemagnetic（磁性的）materials.Inthese

materials,theelectronsshouldbehavelikesmallbarmagnets,alladjustingtowardsmagneticnorthwhenamaterialis

cooled.Butnotallmagneticmaterialsdothis—ifthematerialcontainsquantumspinliquid,theelectronsdon'tallline

upandbecomeinvolved.

“Untilrecently,wedidn'tevenknowwhattheexperimentalfingerprintsofaquantumspinliquidwouldlooklike,“

researcherDr.DmitryKovrizhinsays."Thatcreatedachallengefortheresearchers,sotheydecidedtoemployneutron

scattering（神经扫描）techniquestolookforevidenceofbreak”.Whattheyfoundsurprisedthem.Thefeaturesmatched

nearlyexactlywithquantumspinliquidmodelstheorizedbyphysicistPhilAndersonin1973.Theresultsoftheir

breakthroughwerethenpublishedinthescientificjournalNatureMaterialsonMonday.

Don'tgettooexcitedjustyetonitsapplications,though.Kovirzhin'sworkisonlythebeginningandaswe'veseen

withquantumcomputingthereisalotofworktobedone.Butifsstillexcitingregardless.

“It'sanimportantstepforourunderstandingofquantummatter/'Kovrizhinsays.sfuntohaveanothernew

quantumstatethatwe'veneverseenbefore—itpresentsuswithnewpossibilitiestotrynewthings.”

1、Whatcanwelearnabout“Majoranafermion^^accordingtoParagraph2?

A.Itisanimportantdiscovery40yearsago.

B.ItisasurprisingtheoryraisedbyPhilAnderson.

C.Itisakeypieceindevelopingquantumcomputer.

D.Itisanunbreakableelectronsemployingcomputer

2、Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“eccentric”inParagraph3?

A.Strange.B.Complex.C.Permanent.D.Obvious.

3、Howdidtheresearchersmakethebreakthrough?

A.Byadjustingmagneticmaterials.

B.Byusingneutronscatteringtechniques.

C.Byrepeatingmathscalculations.

D.Bychangingelectronicstructure.

4^Whatistheauthor'stoneaboutthefutureofquantummatter?

A.Negative.B.Doubtful.C.Indifferent.D.Optimistic.

22.（8分）Whenyouaresittinginclass,haveyoueverdrawnpicturesinthemargins（页边的空白处）ofyour

notebooks?Ifso,youaredoodling.Manypeoplethinkofdoodlingasadistraction（分frommoreimportantthings.

Butitmightbejusttheopposite.

Onestudyshowsthatdoodlingmayhelpyourememberthingsyouhear29%more.Besides,doodlingcanhelpyou

thinkcreatively.Walkingawayfromaproblemtodrawmightactuallyhelpyousolveit.Whenyoucomeback,you'll

haveafreshperspectiveandfigureoutananswermorequickly.

AnauthornamedSunniBrownwroteabookondoodling.Shearguesthatdoodlingisatoolthatcanhelppeople

think.Infact,sherunsabusinessthathelpscompaniesimproveorganizationandplanningthroughdoodling.Brown

believesdoodlingishelpfulbecauseitincludesmanywaysoflearning.Youlearninfourways:seeing,hearing,reading

orwriting,andthroughmovement.Themorewaysyouuse,thebetteryoulearn.Andwhenyoudoodlewhilelisteningto

alecture,youuseallfour.

Youmightthinkthatbeinggoodatdrawingisimportantfordoodling.Butifthepointofdoodlingistohelpyou

think,thenitdoesn'tmatterwhatthepicturelookslike.Evenifyou'renotanartist,doodlingcanhelpyou.Sonexttime

youneedhelpfocusing,pickupapenanddoodleaway!

1、Thepassagemainlytellsusthe_______ofdoodling.

A.advantagesB.disadvantages

C.effectsD.problems

2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"perspective"probablymeaninParagraph2?

A.体验B.观点

C.困扰D.机会

3、HowdoesSunniBrownfeelabouitdoodling?

A.IthelpsrememberbetterB.Ithelpsthinkcreatively.

C.Itinvolvesfourwaysoflearning.D.Itneedsdrawingskills.

4、Accordingtothetext,itishelpfultodoodlewhen________.

A.youwanttofocusyourattention.B.youhaveaconversation.

C.youwonderinthepark.D.youwatchamovie.

5、Whereisthepassagepossiblytakenfrom?

A.Abookreview.B.Amessageboard.

C.Astudenttextbook.D.Asciencemagazine.

23.（8分）CruzGenet,11,andAnthonySkopick,10,couldn'tagree.Werethebirdsontheiceducksorgeese?

Therewasonlyonewaytofindout.SoonacoldJanuaryevening,thetwofriendsriskedontothefrozenpondneartheir

houseinFrankfort,Illinois,togetabetterlook.Firsttheythrewasmallstonetotestit.Thentheysteppedonit.

Believingtheicewouldholdtheirweight,Anthonytookafewsteps,thenHefellthroughtheseeminglyfrozenice.

Cruzrushedtohelphisfrightenedfriend—thepond“ate”himtoo.Gruzmanagedtolifthimselfoutofthewater

andontoamorereliablepart.HethencarefullymadehiswaytoAnthony.Buttheicedidn'thold,andhefellinagain.

Thistimehecouldn'tgetoutTheboysquicklylostfeelingintheirarmsandlegs.Cruzwassurehewasgoingtodie.

Anthony'soldersisterhadseentheboysfallthroughtheiceandstartedscreamingforhelp.JohnLavin,aneighbor

drivingnearbyonhiswaytothegrocerystore,heardher.Hequicklypulledover.Seeingtheboys,hekickedoffhis

shoes,andrunintothefreezingwater.LavinmadehiswaytoCruzandAnthonyandsavedthembacktoland.They

weretakentothehospital,wheredoctorsdiscoveredthattheirfive-minutestayinthewaterhadloweredtheirbody

temperaturenearlytendegrees.

Fortunately,theboyshavefullyrecovered,thoughtheyarestillmovedbytheirfearlessneighbor“Justtothink/'

saysGruz,hewasn'tthere,Icouldhavedied.^^

1、WhydidGruzandAnthonystepontheice?

A.Togoskating.B.Totrapsomebirds.

C.Tosettleadisagreement.D.Totestthestrengthoftheice.

2、HowdidCruzfeelwhencaughtinthewater?

A.Hopeless.Puzzled.

C.Shocked.Calm.

3、Whatbasicallysavedthetwoboys9lives?

A.Screamingofanoldersister.Bettercareofdoctors.

C.loweringoftheirbodytemperature.D.Braveactofaneighbor.

4、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.TwoBoysFallingintheWaterB.AHeroicMantotheRescue

C.DuckorGeese,ItIsaQuestionD.CuriosityKillstheCat

24.（8分）Watchingwhatyoueatcanbeeasiersaidthandone,butarecentstudyshowsitmightnotjustbeabout

what'sonyourplate—itcouldbeabouthowquicklyitdisappears.

Japaneseresearchersfollowed1,083adultsforfiveyears,splittingthemintothreecategoriesbasedonhowquickly

theyate:slow,normal,andfast.Theyalsoansweredaquestionnaireatthebeginningofthestudy,sharingtheirdiet,

physicalactivity,andmedicalhistory.Inthebeginning,noneofthevolunteershadmetabolicsyndrome（新陈代谢综合

征）-meaningatleastthreeriskfactors—whichcanleadtohealthproblemslikeheartconditionsanddiabetes.

Whentheparticipantsreportedbackfiveyearslater,84hadbeendiagnosed（诊断）withmetabolicsyndrome—

andtheireatingspeedwasamajorpredictor,accordingtotheresultsinthejournalCirculation.Thefasteaterswere89

percentmorelikelytohavemetabolicsyndromethanslowandnormaleaters.Just2.3percentofsloweatersreceived

thediagnosis,comparedto11.6percentoffasteaters.Butthafsnotall.Fasteatersalsosawmoreweightgain,larger

waistlines,andhigherbloodsugarlevelsthansloweaters.

Theresearcherssaywobblingmakesiteasiernottotakenoticeoffullnessbeforeyourbodyhasachancetosignal

youtostop.uSowhenpeopleeatfasttheyaremorelikelytoovereat/9saidTakayukiYamaji,MD,studyauthorand

cardiologistatHiroshimaUniversityinJapaninastatement.

Previousresearchbacksuptheweightbenefitsofsloweating,too.OnestudyofNewZealandwomenfoundfast

eatershavehigherbody-massindexes（指数）,andaChinesestudyfoundthatbothhealthyandfatmenatelesswhen

toldtochew40timesinsteadof15timesbeforeswallowing.Initialresearchevensuggestschewingyourfoodlonger

couldbummorecalories-uptoabout1,000extraeverymonth.

1、Whataretheparticipantsdividedby?

A.Medicalhistory.B.Healthcondition.

C.Physicalactivity.D.Eatingspeed.

2、Whichmaybetheresultofthestudy?

A.Fasteatersare4timesmorelikelytohavemetabolicsyndrome.

B.Normalandsloweatersdon'thavemetabolicillness.

C.89%offasteatershavehigherbloodpressure.

D.Slowcatersarehealthierthanfasteaters.

3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gobbling”inParagraph4bestmean?

A.Tastingslowly.B.Digestingquickly.

C.Eatinggreedily.D.Cookingcarefully.

4、Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellus?

A.Theimportanceofeatingspeed.B.Theadvantageofeatingslowly.

C.TheresultofaChinesestudy.D.Fasteatingandovereating.

25.（10分）Persuasionistoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyou,justlikeartwhichalsocallsforspecialtechniques

toaccomplish.AccordingtotheancientGreeks,therearethreebasictoolsofpersuasion:ethos,pathosandlogos.

Ethosisaspeaker'swayofconvincingtheaudiencethatheistrustworthy,honestandreliable.Onecommonwaya

speakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationshehasinthefield.Afterall,you'remore

likelytolistentoadviceabouthowtotakecareofyourteethfromadentistthanafireman.

Pathosisaspeaker'swayofconnectingwithanaudience'semotions.Forexample,apoliticianwhoistryingto

convinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewanThesewordsare

intendedtofilltheaudiencewithfear,thusmakingthemwanttovoteforhim.Similarly,ananimalcharitymight

showanaudiencepicturesofinjureddogsandcatstomaketheviewerfeelpity,sotheywillbemorelikelytodonate

money.

Logosistheuseoffacts,statisticsorotherevidencetosupportyourargument.Anaudiencewillbelieveyouifyouhave

convincingdatatobackupyourclaims.Presentingthisevidenceismuchmorepersuasivethansimplysaying“believe

me

Althoughethos,pathosandlogosallhavetheirstrengths,theyareoftenmosteffectivewhenusedtogether.So,the

nexttimeyoulistentoaspeech,watchacommercialorlistentoafriendtrytoconvinceyoutolendhimsomemoney,be

onthelookoutfortheseancientGreektoolsofpersuasion.

1、Whatdopersuasionandarthaveincommon?

A.Theybothentertaintheaudience.

B.Theybothrequiregreatskilltoachieve.

C.Theybothdemandfullattentionfromtheaudience.

D.TheywerebothcommontopicsofancientGreekWriters.

2、Howisaspeakerabletoshowhisethostotheaudience?

A.Byexpressinghissympathywiththeaudience.

B.Bytellingtheaudienceabouthispersonalpreference.

C.Byusingbeautifullanguagetomakehisstatementsattractive.

D.Byshowinghisknowledgeandexperiencerelatedtothetopic.

3、Whatcanwelearnaboutthethreeaspectsofpersuasion?

A.Ethosisthemostimportantaspectofpersuasion.

B.Eachaspecthasadifferenteffectontheaudience.

C.Honestyisthekeytomakingyourargumentsbelievable.

D.Politicalleadersmostlyusepathostopersuadetheiraudience.

4、Anadvertisementforwashingpowderwhichclaimsthat^scientifictestsshowthatourpowderkills95%ofall

bacteria^^ismainlyusing.

A.ethosB.pathos

C.logosD.acombinationofallthree

第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题L5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、

C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.

26.（30分）第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Iamateamleaderinaninsurancecompany.Wearegoingthroughalotofchangesrightnow,whichis36much

stressforallofus.

AfewweeksagoIwashavingadayso37thatIevendoubtedifIhadtheabilitytodothischallengingwork,and

wasaboutreadytochangetoalessstressfuljob38.Somethinghappenedthatdaytochangemywayof39andI

amsoappreciativeofthisyounglady.Iwanttoletherknowthatthesmallact40.

Onthetopofmycubicle（工作隔间）Ihaveasmallcollectionoflighthouses（灯塔）toletpeopleknowwhereIamsitting

41myteammembershavetofindmeforemergencies.

ThatdayIcameintotheofficeandwasabouttogettheday42whenCrystalcameover.1askedifsheneeded

anything.Shesaid,"I43yousomething.nIlookedatherwitha44lookandsaid,nWell,thankyou,butwhy

45youbuymeanything?**Ihadneverspoketothisyounglady_46.Shesaid,MEverydayIstandupandlook

acrossthe47andseeyourlighthouses.ThenIfeelIamnotaloneandIencouragemyselfthattherearealways48

thingsinlife.Isawthisonthewaytoworkandthought49wouldlikeit.Iwishitwouldhavethesame50asyour

Lighthousesdo.nInherhandshehadasmallglobewithaLighthouseandashiponit.Igaveherahugand51her.

Idon'tthinksheknowshowmuchthatsmallactof52changedmyday:1remained53therestoftheday.

Foranyonethatreadsthis,Ihopeyouremember,nomatterwhatthe54is,youcouldchange

someone'sday,55evenhisviewsonlife.

1、A.preventingB.reducingC.causingD.suffering

2、A.funnyB.niceC.badD.dull

3、A.everywhereB.elsewhereC.anywhereD.nowhere

4、A.workingB.behavingC.speakingD.thinking

5、A.brokemyheartB.touchedmyheartC.lostmyheartD.toremyheart

6、A.incaseB.sothatC.asifD.eventhough

7、A.endedB.startedC.changedD.avoided

8^A.borrowedB.lentC.soldD.bought

9、A.delightedB.puzzledC.thankfulD.worried

10、A.mightB.dareC.couldD.would

11、A.beforeB.thenC.sinceD.after

12、A.dormB.officeC.shipD.tower

13、A.brightB.challengingC.badD.stressful

14、A.colleaguesB.leadersC・youD.I

15、A.opinionB・causeC.expectationD.effect

16、A.praisedB.thankedC.scoldedD.refund

17>A.justiceB.courageC.kindnessD.tolerance

18、A.carefulB.encouragedC.tiredD.alone

19、A.presentB.workC・gestureD.intention

20、A.soB.forC.orD.nor

第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

27.（15分）Itseemstobesomethinginourblood1.makeshumanbeingswanttoconquer（征服）”thingsby

climbingthem,nomatterwhetherifsQomolangma•一the2^_（high）peakonEarth■一Uluru,abigrockthatsits

348metersabovethegroundinthecentralAustraliandesert.Many4.（visit）toUluruclimbtherockeventhough

there'snoroadtoit,exceptforachain-and-polepaththat'sbeenhammeredintotherockbyearlyexplorers.There's

evenasignatthebottomoftherock5.（write）insevenlanguages,reading:**Pleasedon'tclimb.”

Forstarters,therockhasspiritualsignificanceforthelocalAboriginalpeople,and6.（set）footonitisconsidered

disrespectful.Otherconcernsincludesomepeopleleavinglitterontopoftherock,andsomeevenurinate（撒尿）onit

sincethere'snotoiletupthere.Whenitrains,thehumanwasteiswasheddownontotherock,whichcanbe7・（harm）

totheenvironment.Also,accordingtoABCNews,35people8^_（die）sofartryingtoclimbit.ThisistheAustralian

governmentannouncedearlierthismonththatclimbingUluru10.（ban）,startingfromOct26,2019.

第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）

28.（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,

每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

PekingMan,theearliesthumanancestorthatlivedinChinabetweenroughly200,000or750,000yearsago,wasa

wood-workingandfire-usingman.Themanunimaginablelikedtodrillholesintoobjectsforunknownreasons.Later,

somenewdiscoverypaintedapictureofahumanancestorwhowasmanymorecomplicatedthanpreviouslybelieved.

PekingManfirstdiscoveredin1923inacavenearthevillageofZhoukoudian,closetoBeijing.DuringWorldWarTwo,

fossilsofPekingManwentmissed.Researchersdosomelabworkincludingusingmicroscopestolookatartifactsmade

byPekingMan.Beside,scientistswerestilltryingtodeterminethedetails.Finally,theanalysisshowedthatwhatPeking

Manhadtheinterestinclothesandthatsometoolswereusedforremovinganimalskins.

第二节书面表达（满分25分）

29.（25分）假定你是李华，你所喜爱的G/oM/Mizror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见。请你依据以下内容给主编

写封信，内容主要包括：

1.说明你是该报的忠实读者；

2.赞赏该报优点：

①兼顾国内外新闻；

②介绍名人成功故事；

3.提出建议：刊登指导英语学习的文章。

注意：

1.词数：100左右，开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

DearEditor—in—Chief,

CongratulationsonthefifthanniversaryofGlobalMirror!

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

参考答案

『二部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）

■1、L）

2、A

3、B

4、B

5^B

6、A

7、A

8、B

9、A

10、D

IKD

12、B

13、A

14、C

15、C

16、C

17、B

18、C

19、C

20、A

j二::阅读理解（满分4o分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的3B

/!•、I、CC、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2、A

3、B

22、1、A

2、B

4、A

5、D

23、1、c

2、A

3、D

4、B

24、1、D

2、D

3、C

4、B

25、Aboutthreedecadesago,Chinawasknownasthe“BicycleKingdom”.Butthehvo-wheelwayoftransports

popularitybegantofade,withmanybikessoonreplacedbytheirfuel-poweredcompetitors.

ButrecentmonthshaveseenarevivalofthebikeacrossChina,withanincreasingnumberofpeoplechoosingto

cycleinsteadofdrivingtoschools,toworkplacesortodosightseeing.Theintroductionofbike-sharingsystemshas

broughtthetrendtoanewlevel.

Peoplecanunlockthesharedbikesbysimplyusingtheirsmartphones.ThebikesareequippedwithGPSandcan

beleftanywhereinpublicforthenextuser.They'repopularamongmanyChinesepeopleastheyprovideaneffective

solutiontothe"lastmileproblem”,whichreferstothefinallegofaperson'sjourney.

However,thesystemshavealsoledtoproblemssuchasillegalparking,damageandtheft.Lastmonth,twonurses

inBeijingwereplacedunderarrestforfivedaysforputtinglocksontwosharedbikes.

“Bike-sharingisagreenermethodoftransportandprovidesauser-friendlyexperience,“saidLiuXiaoming,

vice-ministeroftran