2022上海市高二英语阅读专项练习及答案

（1）

Cowboyorspaceman?Adilemmaforachildren'sparty,perhaps.Butalsoaquestionfor

economists,arguedKennethBoulding,aBritisheconomist,inanessaypublishedin1966.We

haverunoureconomies,hewarned,likecowboysontheopengrassland:takingandusingthe

world'sresources,confidentthatmoreliesoverthehorizon.ButtheEarthislessagrasslandthan

aspaceship-aclosedsystem,aloneinspace,carryinglimitedsupplies.Weneed,saidBoulding,

aneconomicsthattakesseriouslytheideaofenvironmentallimits.Inthehalfcenturysincehis

essay,anewmovementhasrespondedtohischallenge."Ecologicaleconomists"，astheycall

themselves,wanttorevolutioniseitsaimsandassumptions.Whatdotheysay——andwilltheir

ideasachievelift-off?

Toitsadvocators,ecologicaleconomicsisneitherecologynoreconomics,butamixofboth.

Theirstartingpointistorecognisethatthehumaneconomyispartofthenaturalworld.Our

environment,theynote,isbothasourceofresourcesandasinkforwastes.Butitisignoredin

conventionaltextbooks,whereneatdiagramstracetheflowsbetweenfirms,householdsandthe

governmentasthoughnaturedidnotexist.Thatisamistake,sayecologicaleconomists.

Therearetwowaysoureconomiescangrow,ecologicaleconomistspointout:through

technologicalchange,orthroughmoreintensiveuseofresources.Onlytheformer,theysay,is

worthhaving.TheyaresuspiciousofGDP,acrudemeasurewhichdoesnottakeaccountof

resourceexhaustion,unpaidwork,andcountlessotherfactors.Initsplacetheyadvocate

n\oreholistic（全面的）approaches,suchastheGenuineProgressIndicator（GPI）,a

composite山dex（复合指标）thatincludesthingslikethecostofpollution,deforestationandcar

accidents.WhileGDPhaskeptgrowing,globalGPIperpersonpeakedin1978:bydestroyingour

environmentwearemakingourselvespoorer,notricher.Thesolution,saysHermanDaly,a

formerWorldBankeconomistandeco-guru,isa“steady-state“economy,wheretheuseof

materialsandenergyisheldconstant.

Mainstreameconomistsareunimpressed.TheGPI,theypointout,isasubjectivemeasure.

AndtalkoflimitstogrowthhashadabadpresssincethedaysofThomasMalthus,agloomy18th

centuryclericwhopredicted,wrongly,thatoverpopulationwouldleadtofamine.Humanbeings

findsolutionstosomeofthemostannoyingproblems.Butecologicaleconomistswarnagainst

self-satisfaction.In2009apaperinNature,ascientificjournal,arguedthathumanactivityis

alreadyoversteppingsafeplanetaryboundariesonissuessuchas生物多样性）and

climatechange.Thatsuggeststhatecologicaleconomistsareatleastaskingsomeimportant

questions,eveniftheiranswersturnouttobewrong.

74.KennethBouldingandthecontentofhisessayatthebeginningofthispassagearemeantto—.

A.pointouthowignorantofnaturethecowboysare

B.blamehumanbeingsfortheirexploitationofnature

C.askpeopletotakeseriouslytheenvironmentlimits

D.introduceecologicaleconomistsandecologisteconomics

75.Accordingtoecologicaleconomists,whatisthemistakeexistinginconventionaltextbooks?

A.Ecologyandeconomicsarenotmixedtogether

B.Humaneconomyisn'trecognizedaspartsofnature

C.Theenvironmenthasbothresourcesandwastes

D.Diagramsconnectfirms,householdsandthegovernment

76.ThecomparisonbetweenGDPandGPIdatain1978haswarnedusthat.

A.GDPiscrudemeasurethatisnotworthusing

B.caraccidentshouldbyallmeansincludeinGDP

C.wearegainingmaterialwealthbydestroyingnature

D.resourcesandenergywillonedaybetotallyusedup

77.Whichinthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagree?

A.theaimsandassumptionsofeconomicsneedtoberevolutionized

B.GDPandGPIshouldbebothacceptedbymainstreameconomists

C.Humanbeingscanalwaysfindsolutionstoalltheannoyingproblems

D.Ecologicaleconomists'concernsabouttheworldareworthnoticing.

(2)

Today,home-ownershiphasreachedextremelyhighlevels.Moderngenerationstendto

believethereissomethingwrongwiththemiftheyrent.However,ishighhome-ownership

reallyasrosyaspeopleimagine?Staringatdatafirst,werealizethatthemostsuccessful,stable,

attractivecountryintheWesternworldisSwitzerland.Ithastinyunemployment;wealth;high

happinessandmental-healthscores.Doesithavehighhome-ownershiprates?Absolutelynot.In

Switzerland,aboutsevenintenofthepopulationarerenters.Yet,withEurope'slowest

home-ownershiprate,thenationthrives.Nowgototheotherendofthemiserydistribution.

Spainhasapproximatelythehighesthome-ownershiprateinEurope(atmorethan80%).But

one-quarterofitspopulationareunemployed.

Alikelyreasonisthathighlevelsofhome-ownershipmessupthelabourmarket.Ina

sensiblyfunctioningeconomyitiseasyforpeopletomovearoundtodropintothevibrantjob

slotsthrownupbytechnologicalchange.Withahighdegreeofowner-occupation,everything

slows.Folkgetstuck.Renterscangotonewjobs.Inthatwaytheydotheeconomyafavour.As

Friedmansaid,therateofunemploymentdependsontheflexibilityofthehousingmarket.

Nextwecometoeconomicbreakdown.Mostanalystsacceptthatatheartitwasthehousing

market-obsessivepursuitofhomes,theengenderedmortgage(房贷)lendingandanunavoidable

house-pricecrash——thatsanktheWesternworld.Germany,say,withitsmoreefficientrental

market,hadafarsmootherridethroughtrouble.

Asforthemonetarysystem,inthepastfewdecades,inthehopeofgettinguntaxedcapital

gainswayabovetheirtruelabourearnings,manypeoplethrewtheirsparecashintobuyinglarger

housesorbuildingextrabedrooms.TVprogrammesabouthowtomakeeasymoney,beautiful

risinghouseprices,andmostimportantly,ourfalultytaxsystemencouragedthat.Whenatsome

pointmarketbrokedown,everyonesuffered.Ourcountriesought,instead,todesigntaxsystems

thatencouragepeopletoinvestinproductiverealactivitiesandininnovation.Rentingleaves

moneyfreeforbetterpurposes.

Thatalsopointstotheroleofsensiblebudgetingoveraperson*slifetime.Whyshouldwe

thinkthatwhenwedieitisnecessarytohavepaidoffanentirehouse?Ourchildrendonot

deserveit.Letthempayforthemselves.Weshouldrent-andenjoyourliveswiththemoney

saved.

Finally,moderationusuallypaysoff.Ourscientificunderstandingofhoweconomiesfunction

ishorriblylimited.Thissuggeststhatthegoldenruleshouldbetoavoidextremes.A50-50mixof

home-ownershipandrenting,notthe70-30splitthatisnowobservedinsomanyWesternnations,

makessense.

82.ThecasesofSwitzerlandandSpainprovethat.

A.lowhome-ownershiprateatabout30%ismostfavourableforeconomy

B.home-ownershipmainlydecidesacountry'scitizens,mentalhealth.

C.home-ownershiphasalottodowithacountry'stechnologicaldevelopment

D.lowhome-ownershipincreasesthemobilityofjobmarketandeconomy.

83.Themainreasontomakepeopleinvestinhousingmarketis.

A.theproblematictaxingapproachfavouringhousebuying

B.people'sdesiretoavoidtheirmoneyfromdevaluing

C.easychannelstoobtainmethodstomakeeasymoney

D.people'swishestoliveinlargerandmorecomfortablehouses

84.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.SwitzerlandsufferstheworseunemploymentinEurope.

B.Rentingallowsmoremoneyintomorecreativeeconomicactivities.

C.Germany'seffectivemortgagesystemsawitthroughthewesterneconomiccrisis.

D.Ourchildrenhavetherighttoenjoythehousingpropertywehavepaidoff.

85.Whatopiniondoestheauthoragreewithmost?

A.Peopleshouldlearntheworkingsofhousingmarket.

B.Lawsshouldbesetuptostoppeoplefrombuyinghouses.

C.Anadequaterateofhome-ownershipshouldbekept.

D.PeopleshouldfollowthegoodexampleofEuropeinhousinginvestment.

(3)

Thedeathoflanguagesisnotanewphenomenon.Languagesusuallyhavearelativelyshort

lifespanaswellasaveryhighdeathrate.Onlyafew,includingEgyptian,Chinese,Greek,Latin,

havelastedmorethan2,000years.

Whatisnew,however,isthespeedatwhichtheyaredyingout.Europe5scolonialconquests

causedasharpdeclineinlinguisticdiversity,eliminatingatleast15percentofalllanguages

spokenatthetime.Overthelast300years,Europehaslostadozen,andAustraliahasonly20left

ofthe250spokenattheendofthe18thcentury.

Theriseofnation-stateshasalsobeendecisiveinselectingandconsolidatingnational

languagesandsideliningothers.Bymakinggreateffortstoestablishanofficiallanguagein

education,themediaandthecivilservice,nationalgovernmentshavedeliberatelytriedto

eliminateminoritylanguages.

Thisprocessoflinguisticstandardizationhasbeenboostedbyindustrializationandscientific

progress,whichhaveimposednewmethodsofcommunicationthatareswift,straightforwardand

practical.Languagediversitycametobeseenasanobstacletotradeandthespreadofknowledge.

Monolingualismbecameanideal.

Morerecently,theinternationalizationoffinancialmarkets,thespreadofinformationby

electronicmediaandotheraspectsofglobalizationhaveintensifiedthethreatto"small“languages.

AlanguagenotontheInternetisalanguagethat"nolongerexists“inthemodemworld.Itisout

ofthegame.

Theseriouseffectsofthedeathoflanguagesareevident.Firstofall,itispossiblethatifwe

allendedupspeakingthesamelanguage,ourbrainswouldlosesomeoftheirnaturalcapacityfor

linguisticinventiveness.Wewouldneverbeabletofigureouttheoriginsofhumanlanguageor

resolvethemysteryof“thefirstlanguage^^.Aseachlanguagedies,achapterofhumanhistory

closes.

Multilingualismisthemostaccuratereflectionofmulticulturalism.Thedestructionofthe

firstwillinevitablyleadtothelossofthesecond.Imposingalanguagewithoutanylinkstoa

people'scultureandwayoflifestiflestheexpressionoftheircollectivegenius.Alanguageisnot

onlyusedforthemaininstrumentofhumancommunication.Italsoexpressestheworldvisionof

thosewhospeakit,theirimaginationandtheirwaysofusingknowledge.Tosafeguardlanguages

isanurgentmatter.

83.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotcontributetothedeathoflanguages?

A.ColonialconquestsofEurope.B.Theboomofhumanpopulation.

C.Advancesinscienceandindustrialization.D.Theriseofnation-states.

84.Whatdoestheunderlinedword^stifles"inParagraph7probablymean?

A.boostsB.fuelsC.imposesD.kills

85.Theseriouseffectsofthedeathoflanguagesincludeallexceptthat.

A.peoplewouldfailtounderstandhowlanguagesoriginated.

B.languagediversitywouldbecomeanobstacletoglobalization.

C.monolingualismwouldleadtothelossofmulticulturalism.

D.humanbrainswouldbecomelesscreativelinguistically.

86.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassage?

A.Toexplainthereasonswhylanguagesaredyingout.

B.Towarnpeopleofthenegativeaspectsofglobalization.

C.Tocallpeople'sattentiontotheurgencyoflanguagepreservation.

D.Toarguehowimportantitisforpeopletospeakmorelanguages.

(4)

Mooes(massiveopenonlinecourses)arefree,butwithouttutoring,andareopentoanyone,

anywhereintheworld.Thecoursesareflexible-normallythreetofivehoursofstudyweek一

doneatanytime,short(5to10weeks)andvideo-rich.Theyarealsoheavilydependentoncrowd

sourcing:youcandiscussacoursewithfellowstudentsthroughonlineforums,discussionboards

andpeerreview.Studentsdon'thavetofinishthecourses,passassessmentsordoassignments,but,

iftheydo,theygetacertificationofparticipation.

TheOpenUniversitylaunchedFutureLearn,theUK'sanswertoUSplatformssuchas

Coursera,EdXandUdacity,whichhavebeenofferingMooesfromtopUSuniversitiesforthe

pasttwoyears.Theresponsehasbeenincredible,withmorethanthreemillionpeopleregistering

worldwide.Meanwhile,in2012,EdinburghUniversitybecamethefirstnon-USinstitutiontojoin

Coursera'spartnership,comprising13universities.uWealreadyrun50onlinemaster'sdegrees,so

thiswasalogicalexpansion,saysProfessorJeffHaywood,Edinburgh*svice-principal.uIt*san

investmentinteachingmethodsresearch.HowamIgoingtoteachintroductoryphilosophyto

100,000people?ThafswhatIcalleducationalR&D.”Headds<4Ifyoulookahead10years,you'd

expectallstudentsgraduatingtohavetakensomeonlinecourses,soyou'vegottoresearchthat.

OurMooesarenomoreincompetitionwithourdegreesthanalifelonglearningcoursebecause

theydon*tcanycredits.^^

Cooperationiskey,Haywoodstresses.Itisfarbettertooffer20-30coursesinyourown

areasofe印eHse(专门技能)andletotherinstitutionsdolikewise.ProfessorMikeSharples,

FutureLearn^academiclead,goesfurther:"We'vetiedtheelementsavailablebeforeintoa

packageofcoursesofferedbyleadinguniversitiesworldwideonanewsoftwareplatform,witha

newwayofpromotingitandalsoanewsocial-learningteachingmethod.Youwonrtjustreceive

anexam,butbeabletodiscussandmarkeachother'sassignments/'

BathUniversity,oneofmorethan20universitiesworkingwithFutureLearn,launchesits

firstcourse,InsideCancer,nextJanuary,andregardsMooesasawayofbreakingdownage

barriers."There'snoreasonwhysomeonedoingGCSEsshouldnotlookatourMooesandget

quiteawaythroughthem,orsomeoneatPhDlevelandbeyond/'saysProfessorBernieMorley,

expertforlearningandteaching.

87.TheresponsetoFutureLeamhasbeenthoughttobeunbelievablebecause.

A.allthecoursesontheplatformareavailabletoanyoneintheworld

B.EdinburghUniversitybecamethefirstnon-USinstitutiontojoinit

C.thenumberofpeopleregisteringintheplatformisbeyondexpectation

D.studentscangetacertificationofparticipationwithoutpassingassessments

88.WhatcanbeinferredfromProfessorBernieMorleyinthelastparagraph?

A.PeoplewithvariouslearninglevelswillprobablyshowinterestinMooes.

B.PeopleatPhDlevelhavealreadyknowneverythingaboutMooes.

C.InsideCancerwillbethemostpopularcourseforsomeonedoingGCSEs.

D.Mooesarenotsocompetitiveaslifelonglearningcoursesduetotheproblemsofcredits.

89.Thepassagemainlydealswith.

A.thevariousopinionsonFutureLearn

B.theadvantagesofonlineteachingmethods

C.thepopularityofno-creditcourses

D.theemergenceofanewlearningplatform

(5)

Scienceisnotasetofunquestionableresultsbutawayofunderstandingtheworldaround

us.Itsrealworkisslow.Thescientificmethod,asmanyofuslearnedinschool,isagradual

processthatbeginswithapurposeorproblemorquestiontobeanswered.Itincludesalistof

materials,aproceduretofollow,asetofobservationstomakeandfinallyconclusionstoreach.

Inmedicinewhenanewdrugisproposedthatmightcureorcontroladisease,itisfirsttestedon

alargerandomgroupofpeopleandtheirreactionsarethencomparedwiththoseofanother

randomgroupnotgiventhedrug.Allreactionsinbothgroupsarecarefullyrecordedand

comparedandthedrugisevaluated.Allofthistakestimeandpatience.

It'stheresultofcoursethatmakesthebestnews-nottheyearsofquietworkthat

characterizethebulkofscientificinquiry.Afteranexperimentisconcludedoranobservationis

made,theresultcontinuestobeexaminedcritically.Whenitissubmittedforpublicationitgoesto

agroupofthescientisfscolleagueswhoreviewthework.Einsteinwasrightwhenhesaid:"No

amountofexperimentationcaneverprovemeright；asingleexperimentcanatanytimeproveme

wrong.^^

InAugust1996,NASAannouncedthediscoveryinAntarcticaofameteorite（流星）from

Marsthatmightcontainevidenceofancientlifeonanotherworld.AsPresidentClintonsaidthat

day,thepossibilitythatlifeexistedonMarsbillionsofyearsagowaspotentiallyoneofthegreat

discoveriesofourtime.

Aftertheexcitementworedownandinitialpaperswerepublished,otherresearchersbegan

lookingatsamplesfromthesamemeteorite.Someconcludedthatthe"evidenceofwas

mostlycontaminationfromAntarcticiceorthattherewasnothingorganicatallintherock.Was

thisafailureofscienceassomenewsreportstrumpeted?

No!Itwasagoodexampleofthescientificmethodworkingthewayitissupposedto.

Scientistsspendyearsonresearchannouncetheirfindingsandthesefindingsareexaminedby

otherscientists.That'showwelearn.Likeclimbingamountainwestruggleupthreefeetand

fallbacktwo.It'saprocessfilledwithdisappointmentsandreversesbutsomehowwekeep

movingahead.

90.Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassageistostatethat.

A.mostscientificdiscoveriesarenotreliable

B.massmediaismisleadingbecauseitlooksattheresearchresultsonly

C.scientificresearchisaprocessfilledwithreversesandrequiresslowandpatientwork

D.repeatedexperimentsarenecessarybeforemedicinecanbeusedinpatients

91.Publicationofascientificfindingsignifies.

A.achallengetofellowscientiststoproveitwrong

B.theendofaprocess

C.thebeginningofanewscientificinquiry

D.thesoundnessoftheresult

92.Einstein,swordsareusedtoshowthathethought.

A.experimentshaveprovedhimright

B.scientistsdonotneedsomanyexperiments

C.oneexperimentisnotenoughtoprovehimwrong.

D.scientificideasareneverfreefromchallenge

93.NASA'sannouncementofthediscoveryofevidenceofancientlifeonMarsshows

A.thewayhumanbeingslearnaboutnature

B.thefailureofthescientificmethod

C.thefruitlessnessofhumansearchfbrlifeonanotherworld

D.theexcitementbroughtbyscientificfindings

94.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemediaisinterestedin.

A.theprocessofscientificresearch

B.theresultsofscientificresearch

C.thescientistswhodotheresearch

D.theeffectsofscientificresearchonhumanlife

（6）

In1917OrvilleWrightpredictedthat“theaeroplanewillhelppeaceinmanyways-in

particularIthinkitwillhaveatendencytomakewarimpossible.^^Earlierin1904,American

journalistJohnWalkerdeclared,"Asapeacemachine,thevalueoftheaeroplanetotheworldwill

bebeyondcomputation.,,Thiswasn'tthefirstgrandpromiseoftechnology.Inthatsameyear

JulesVerneannounced,4tThesubmarine（潜艇）maybethecauseofbringingbattletoastoppage.”

AlfredNobel,sincerelybelievehisdynamite（火药）wouldbeawarobstacle:"Mydynamite

willsoonerleadtopeacethanathousandworldconventions（公约）Similarly,whenHiran

Maxim,inventorofthemachinegun,wasaskedin1893,“Willthisgunnotmakewarmore

terrible?^^Heanswered,4tNo,itwillmakewarimpossible.,,GugliemoMareconi,inventorofthe

radio,toldtheworldin1912.“Thecomingofthewirelesstimewillmakewarimpossible,because

itwillmakewarridiculous.^^GeneralJamesHarbord,chairmanoftheboardofRCAin1925,

believed,“RadiowillservetomaketheconceptofPeaceonEarth,GoodWillTowardMena

reality.^^

DavidNye,ahistorianoftechnology,addstothelistofinventionsimaginedasabolishing

warforeverandleadingtouniversalpeacethehot-airballoon,poisongas,landminesandlaser

guns.

Itisnotthatalltheseinventionsarewithoutbenefits-evenbenefitstowarddemocracy.

Rather,it'sthecasethateachnewtechnologycreatesmoreproblemsthanitsolves.''Problemsare

theanswerstosolutions/5saysBrianArthur.

Mostofthenewproblemsintheworldareproblemscreatedbyprevioustechnology.These

problemsarenearlyinvisibletous.Everyyear1.2millionpeopledieinautomobileaccidents.The

technologicaltransportationsystemkillsmorepeoplethancancer.Globalwarming,environmental

poisons,nuclearterrorism,andspeciesloss,areonlyafewofthemanyotherseriousproblems

troublingpeople.

Ifweembrace（拥抱）technologyweneedtofaceitscosts.

44.Whatwillnewinventionsdoaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Theywillincreasewars.

B.Theywillleadtopeace.

C.Theywillservepeople.

D.Theywillbreakconventions.

45.Whatinventionwasconsideredtomakewarsillybyitsinventor?

A.Theradio.B.Theaeroplane.C.Dynamite.D.Themachinegun.

46.Whatdoestheauthorlistsomanyinventions?

A.Toshowpeople'screativity.

B.Toappreciatetheirbenefits.

C.Tocontradicttheoriginalideas.

D.Toprovegrandpromises.

47.Whatdoestheauthorhopetotellusaboutnewtechnologythroughthetext?

A.Ilwillexperiencemanytests.

B.Itwillbringabouthugecostsintheworld.

C.Itprovidesanswerstomanyproblems.

D.Itpresentsmoreproblemsthanitsolves.

（7）

AhomelessmanisfastbecominganInternetsensation（弓I起轰动的人）withhisvideoblog

oflifeonthestreetofMoscow,it'sreported.YevgenyYakutmovedtotheRussiancapital,hoping

tolivebetter,butsoonfoundhimselfoneofthemanyhomelesspeopleinthecityknownforits

housingshortageandhighcostofliving.Buthethinkshehasfoundawayout.'Twaswarming

myselfinarailwaystationwhenIsawtelevisionreportonbloggersearning,moneybymaking

advertisements,,5hetellstheTVchannelMoscow360.Ayoungpasser-bygotchattingtohim

abouttheidea,andagreedtobeMr.Yakut'scameraman,usingasmartphonetorecordhisfriend^

humorousstoriesofdailystruggleto“flndfood,aplacetosleep,andkeepoutofthewayofthe

police.^SoviewerscouldseehowhelivesincentralMoscowwithoutahome.

TheyuploadtheregularvideostoYouTube,whereMr.Yakutishopingtoattractenough

subscribers（订阅者）tointerestadvertisersinhischannel.Sofar,thepairhaveattractedmorethan

18,000subscribers・・・aroundhalfofthosesinceRussianmediabeganreportinghisstoryandmore

than450,000videoviews.

Inourvideo,Mr.Yakutpointsoutfreeshuttlebus（班车）servesthathe,andothersinhis

position,canusetogetaround.Healsoshowsviewersthebestplacehehasfoundtowashand

shave-amodernshoppingcentrebathroom—andhowtomakeuseoftheitemsotherMuscovites

haveabandonedinthecity'sbins.

Thepopularityofthepair'sYouTubechannelhasimpressedvideo-marketerKirill

Kalashnikov,whotellsMoscow360thatwithsomeprofessionalhelp,“thiscouldbeturnedintoa

millionsubscriberswithinayear”.Inthemeantime,Mr.Yakutsayssupporterscanmake

donationsthroughaMoscowdrainpipe,wherehehideshisdollarsinadepositboxmadefroma

soft-drinkbottle.

48.HowdidYevgenyYakutfindthemethodoflivinginMoscow?

A.ThroughaTVreport.

B.ThroughsurfingtheInternet.

C.Throughtalkswithpassers-by.

D.Throughreadinganeconomicbook.

49.WhatdoesYevgenyYakutmainlysharewithviewers?

A.Hishardwaytosuccess.

B.Hisbeliefoflivingabetterlife.

C.Hispositiveattitudetowardhardlife.

D.HisdailystruggleforlivinginMoscow.

50.ItcanbeinferredthatRussianmedia___.

A.arehelpfultoachieveYakut'splan

B.supportedYakufsidea

C.helpthehomelessfreeatanytime

D.mainlyfocusonsocialproblems

51.Video=marketerKirillKalashnikov.

A.isgoodatattractingtheaudience

B.hasconfidenceinYakut'svideos

C.willgiveYakutprofessionalhelp

D.likesYakut'sspeciallifestyle

52.WhatkindofpersonisYevgenyYakutaccordingtothepassage?

A.Generousandfamous.

B.Positiveandcharming.

C.Smartandcareful.

D.Hard-workingandeducated.

（8）

FranzKafkawrotethat“abookmustbetheax（斧子）forthefrozenseainsideus."Ionce

sharedthissentencewithaclassofseventhgraders,anditdidn'tseemtorequireanyexplanation.

We'djustfinishedJohnSteinbeck'snovelOfMiceandMen.Whenwereadtheendtogether

outloudinclass,mytoughestboy,astarbasketballplayer,weptalittle,andsodidI.44Areyou

crying?^^onegirlasked,asshegotoutofherchairtotakeacloserlook.am,“Itoldher,“and

thefunnythingisI'vereaditmanytimes.”

Buttheyunderstood.WhenGeorgeshootsLennie,thetragedyisthatwerealizeitwas

alwaysgoingtohappen.Inmy14yearsofteachinginaNewYorkCitypublicmiddleschool,I've

taughtkidswithimprisonedparents,abusiveparents,irresponsibleparents;kidswhoareparents

themselves;kidswhoarehomeless;kidswhogrewupinviolentneighborhoods.Theyunderstand,

morethanIeverwill,thenovefsterriblelogic-thegivingwayofdreamstofate.

Forthelastsevenyears,Ihaveworkedasareadingenrichmentteacher,readingclassic

worksofliteraturewithsmallgroupsofstudentsfromgradessixtoeight.Ioriginallyproposed

thisideatomyheadmasterafterlearningthataformerexcellentstudentofminehadtransferred

outofaselectivehighschool--onethatoftenattractstheliterary-mindedchildrenof

Manhattan'supperclassesintoalesscompetitivesetting.Thedaughterofimmigrants,witha

fatherinprison,sheperhapsfeltuncomfortablewithhernewclassmates.Ithoughtadditional

""culturalcapital“couldhelpstudentslikeherdevelopbetterinhighschool,wheretheywould

unavoidablymeet,perhapsforthefirsttime,studentswhocamefromhomeslinedwith

bookshelves,whoseparentshadearnedPh.D.'s.

AlongwithOfMiceandMen,mygroupsread:Sounder,TheRedPony,LordoftheFlies,

RomeoandJulietandMacbeth.Thestudentsdidn'talwaysreadfromtheexpectedpointofview.

AboutTheRedPony,onestudentsaid,"it'saboutbeingaman,it'saboutmanliness.^^Ihadnever

beforeseenthepara