2021新高考英语一轮复习课时作业8必修2Computers

课时作业8putersⅠ.阅读理解AFamilysizesareshrinkingaroundtheworld.Inmanycountries,familiesarehavingfewerthantwochildren.Smallerfamiliesmeanmanychildrennowgrowupwithfewercousins.Thisishardtoimagine,asIefromalargeextendedfamilywith23firstcousinsononesideand25ontheother.SometimeswhenIcan'tsleep,Itrytonameallmyrelatives.Ofcourse,almostallofthosecousinshavemarriedandhadchildrenandnowtheirchildrenarehavingchildren.Withextendedfamiliesgrowingsolargeandspreadingsofar,get­togethershavenearlybeeathingofthepast.Oneofthelastgatheringsonmyfather'ssidewasatthehomeofacousinwhohasaplaceinthecountryontopofahill.Atentwassetup,holdinglongtablescreaking(嘎吱作响)undertheweightoffriedchicken,potatosaladandchocolatecake.Afishingholewaitednearbyforthekids.Vehiclespouredinfromeverydirection,parkingonthedrive,thegrass,wherevertheycouldfindaspot.Therewastalkingandlaughingandjokingandfood.Whilesuchgatheringshadgrowninfrequent,wewereallhappytobetogether.Althoughsomeofushadnotseenoneanothersinceso­and­so'sweddingorsomebody'sfather'sfuneral,mostpeoplewerestilleasytorecognize.Threesisterswhosattogetherallhadthesamebeautifulskintheirmotherhad.Thecousinwithbrightblueeyeswhoracedherhorseasateenagerstillhadbrightblueeyes.AnoldercousinwhogavemepianolessonswhenIwasyoungandnaughtyseemedtohaveforgivenme.Weshareagenepoolofpeoplewhoworkhardandlaughoften.Itwasverydarkwhenthelastsetoftaillightsdisappearedintothenight.Aswegatheredourthings,saidourgoodbyesandpreparedtoleave,acousincalledtomesaying,“Don'tforgetwhereyouefrom.”Inevercould.AndI'dnevertry.本文是一篇记叙文。作者来自于一个大家庭，虽然随着家庭规模的扩大，大家聚在一起的机会越来越少，但是作者和亲戚都很珍惜彼此之间的感情纽带。1．What'stheauthor'sattitudetohislargefamily?A．Delighted. B．Sad.C．Ashamed. D．Indifferent.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中Whilesuchgatheringshadgrowninfrequent,wewereallhappytobetogether.可知，虽然这样的聚会越来越少了，但我们都很高兴能在一起。由此推测作者喜欢和亲人聚在一起，对于自己拥有一个大家庭这件事是高兴的，故选A项。2．Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Theauthor'sfamiliesoftengettogether.B．Allthefamilymembershaveetothegathering.C．Theoldcousinwhotaughttheauthorpianodidn'tlikehim.D．Theauthorandhislargefamilymemberscherishthebondbetweenthem.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，虽然像这样一大家子聚在一起的机会越来越少了，但作者他们都很高兴能在一起。作者能够轻易地认出来大多数亲戚。当聚会结束，最后一组尾灯消失在夜色中时，天已经很黑了。当作者收拾好东西，说再见，准备离开的时候，一个表哥打给他，说：“别忘了你来自哪里。”他回答到“我永远不会。我永远不会尝试”。从作者能够认出大部分亲戚，表哥打给作者说的话以及作者的回答等可以推断出作者和亲戚都很珍惜他们之间的关系，故选D项。3．Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A．Toparethesmallfamilieswithlargeones.B．Tosharehisfeelingaboutlargefamily.C．Toshowhisworryabouttheshrinkingoffamilysize.D．Togiveadviceoffamilyrelationships.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，虽然世界各地的家庭规模都在缩小，意味着很多孩子在成长过程中很少有表亲。但作者很难想象这个，因为他来自于一个大家庭。作者描述了来自于一个大家庭是怎么的经历，并着重描写了在表亲家的一次聚会，展现了与亲戚之间的感情纽带。由此可知，作者写这篇文章是为了分享他对大家庭的感受，故选B项。BHowsomepaniesfightthecurse(祸害)ofpresenteeism(超时工作)?RonaldReaganfamouslyjokedthat“it'struehardworkneverkilledanybody,butIfigure,whytakethechance？”Beyond_a_certain_level,_extra_effort_seems_to_be_self­defeating.Studiessuggestthat,afteraround50hoursaweek,employeeproductivitydeclinessharply.Butthatdoesn'tstopsomemanagersfromdemandingthatworkersstaychainedtotheirdeskforlongperiods.JackMa,thefounderofAlibaba,theChinesee­mercegroup,recentlypraisedthe996model,whereemployeesworkfrom9amto9pm,sixdaysaweek,asa“greatopportunity”.Yetpresenteeismisthecurseofthemodernofficeworker.Therewillbedayswhenyoudonothavemuchtodo;perhapsbecauseyouarewaitingforsomeoneelseinadifferentdepartment,oradifferentpany,torespondtoarequest.Astheclocktickspast5pm,theremaybenopurposeinstayingatyourdesk.Butyoucanseeyourbosseshardatworkand,moreimportantly,theycanseeyou.Soyoumakeanefforttolookbusy.Theconsequenceisoftenwastedeffort.Ratherthanworkhard,youslavetomakebossesthinkthatyouare.Butpresenteeismhasmoreseriousconsequences.Aswellasreducedproductivity,thiscanmeangreatermedicalexpensesfortheemployer.AccordingtoastudyintheJournalofOccupationandEnvironmentalMedicine,thesecostscanbesixtimeshigherforemployersthanthecostsofabsenteeismamongworkers.Noneofthisistosaythatemployersarenotcalledtoexpectworkerstobeintheofficeforaproperperiodoftime.Surelytherewillbeaneedforsome(preferablyshort)meetings.Dealingwithcolleaguesface­to­facecreatesafeelingoftogetherness,allowsforausefulexchangeofideasandenablesworkerstohaveabettersenseoftheirmutualneeds.Turninganofficeintoaprison,withinmates(囚犯)allowedhomefortheevenings,doesnothingforcreativitythatisincreasinglydemandedofofficeworkersasroutinetasksareautomated.Tobeproductiveyouneedpresenceofmind,notjustbeingpresentintheflesh.本文是一篇议论文，作者在文中论述了超时工作的负面影响，包括降低生产效率、增加成本等。4．WhydeostheauthormentionRonaldReagan'sjokeinPara.1?A．Toencouragepeopletograspthechancetoworkhard.B．Toshowthathardworkisharmless.C．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.D．TopraiseRonaldReagan'sjokingskills.答案：C解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章的主题是论述超时工作的负面影响。从结构上来看，作者在第一段用罗纳德·里根曾说过的一句著名的俏皮话点题(为什么要冒险加班工作)，下文则紧接着论述让员工超负荷工作产生的各种负面影响，由此可推知作者在第一段提到里根的话是为了引出文章主题。故选C。5．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentence?A．Extraeffortcausesproblemsordifficulties.B．Withextraeffort,wecandefeatanybody.C．Weshouldsaynotoextraeffort.D．Extraeffortisn'tnecessarilyhelpful.答案：D解析：句意理解题。根据上文罗纳德·里根的俏皮话可知，没有必要冒险努力工作；下文表明，一周工作50个小时后，员工的生产力会急剧下滑，由此可推知画线句表示超过一定水平后，多余的努力会适得其反，故选D。6．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingsituationishelpfultothepany?A．Yourteamhasaten­minutemeetingafterworkforanurgentproblem.B．Youdon'tgohomeuntil7：30pmbecauseyourbossisinhisofficeandhecanseeyou.C．Themanagertourstheengineeringdepartmentat7：30pmtocheckpeopleareattheirdesks.D．Youattendtheofficeevenwhenyousufferlowerbackpain.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Surelytherewillbeaneedforsome(preferablyshort)meetings”可知，开会(最好是短会)对公司是有必要的，故选A。7．Whichofthefollowingopinionsagreeswiththepassage?A．Somemanagersexpectworkerstiethemselvesupwithachaintotheirdesks.B．Reducedproductivitycanmeangreatermedicalexpensesfortheemployer.C．Withgrowingdemandofcreativityonofficeworkers,aprison­likeofficeisnotawiseoption.D．Presenceofmindguaranteesyourproductivity.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句可知，把办公室变成监狱对(员工的)创造力毫无益处，故选C。Ⅱ.七选五Manypeoplebelievethatthereissometruthinthesaying,“Laughteristhebestmedicine.”__1__Laughterhelpsrelievepain,strengthentheimmunesystemandreducestress.Laughterstimulates(激发)hormoneswhichmakeusfeelhappy.Laughteralsoincreasestheflowofbloodthroughoutthebodyandhasbenefitswhicharesimilartotheonesyougetbydoingexercise.__2__Childrenexposedtofunnyfilmsandcartoonsbeforemajormedicalproceduresareabletocopebetterwithpainandanxiety.__3__Theseareprofessionalclownswhoaresenttohospitalsandwardstoentertainanddistractsickchildren.Laughtertherapyhasbeeverypopularinrecentyearsandasaresult,moreandmorelaughterclubsarestartingtoopenupincitiesandtownsallovertheworld.Atalaughtersession,atrainedtherapistinstructsthegrouptoperformaseriesofexerciseswhicharedesignedtoproducelaughter.__4__Andittakesthemsometimetogetridoftheirinhibitions(拘谨).Theymightevenstartoffwithfakelaughter,butthisdoesn'tmatterbecauseourbodiescan'ttellthedifference,andtheresultsarethesame.Moreover,laughteriscontagious(有感染力的).__5__Sonexttimeyoufeelill,stressedoutordepressed,trywatchingafunnyfilmortryrememberinganamusingincidentinyourlife.Youwillsoonfeelbetter.A．Ifonepersonstartsgiggling,itisunavoidablethateveryoneelsewillbedrawnin.B．Laughterhelpsyoufocus.C．Thisfindinghasledtoso­calledclowndoctors.D．Infact,researchdonebyscientistshasshownthatlaughterhasalotofhealthbenefits.E．Laughtermakestheworldabetterandmorecolorfulplace.F．Somepeoplemayfindtheideaembarrasssingatfirst.G．Usinglaughtertherapyinchildren'shospitalshasproventobeinvaluable.笑对人体健康有诸多好处。笑疗法已被证明是非常有效的，全世界各地的专业的笑疗法治疗机构越来越多。1．D解析：根据空前的“Laughteristhebestmedicine”和空后的内容可知，笑对人体健康有诸多好处，故D项“实际上，由科学家做出的研究表明笑对健康有很多益处”符合语境，承上启下。2．G解析：根据空后一句可知，孩子在进行重大医疗手术之前，看滑稽的电影和卡通片能够更好地应付痛苦和焦虑，故G项“在儿童医院使用笑疗法被证明是极有用的”符合语境，且该项中的“children'shospitals”和空后的“Children”呼应。3．C解析：根据空后一句可知，这些都是专业的小丑，他们被派往医院和病房以逗乐生病的孩子，分散他们的注意力；故可推知，C项“这一调查结果导致了所谓的小丑医生的诞生”符合语境。4．F解析：根据空后的“theirinhibitions(拘谨)”可知，F项“这个主意刚开始可能会让一些人难为情”符合语境，衔接下文。5．A解析：根据空前一句可知，笑声是有感染力的，故A项“如果一个人开始咯咯地笑，其他人也会无法避免地跟着笑”符合语境，承接上文。Ⅲ.语法填空Everwonderedhowmanycaloriesareinthehumanbody?Oreverwonderedwhyoldpeoplehave__1__(big)earsthantheyusedto?ThewinnersofIgNobelPrizes(搞笑诺贝尔奖)havegottheanswers.TheIgNobelPrizes,foundedin1991,aretohonorachievements__2__firstmakepeoplelaugh,andthenmakethemthink.Theceremony__3__(take)placeatHarvardUniversityeveryyear.Winners'acceptance__4__(speech)arelimitedto60seconds,__5__(strict)policed(监督)byaneight­year­oldgirl.Thehonoredresearchmightseemridiculous__6__firstsight,butthatdoesn'tmeanitlacksscientificvalue.Forexample,theresearchin2006onwhydryspaghettitendstobreakintomorethantwopieceswasimportant__7__(discover)failureinbridgespans(跨度)orhumanbones.Andafollow­uppaper__8__(publish)byMITphysicistsseveralyears