电子专业课程总结

朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。第页/共页IntroductionGoodmorning,I’mXXXandI’mXXyearsold.IcomefromXXprovince,andI’vebeenworkinginShanghaiafterIgraduatedfromXXUniversitytwoyearsago.MymajorinuniversitywasElectricalEngineeringandAutomation.I’dliketogotoGermanyforMaster’sstudyfordeeperknowledgeofthisarea.ComputerScienceInthiscourse,welearnedthebasicknowledgeandoperationofacomputer,WindowsOfficeprograms(Word,ExcelandPowerPoint).Wealsolearnedhowtousesomeofthepopularprocessingsoftware,suchasPhotoshoptoeditpictures,Dreamweavertomakeawebsite.AdvancedMathematicsWemainlylearnedfunctionsandlimits,differentialandintegralcalculus,differentialequationandinfiniteseries.FromthiscourseweobtainedusefulmathematictoolsforstudyingprofessionalcoursessuchasSignal&ItsSystemsandAutomationControlTheory.EngineeringCartography&AutoCADThiscoursetellsusabouthowtodrawandreadengineeringdrawings.Itdescribeshowtouseplanedrawingstodescribe3-dimentionalobjectsbyusingtheprojectionmethod.Inthismethod,weusethreeviewofanobjecttoillustratethedimensionofit:thefrontview,thetopviewandthesideview.UniversityPhysicsThisisanotherfundamentalcourseforengineeringstudies.Ittellsuslawsofnature,suchasforce,Newton’slawinmovement,electricfield,electromagneticfield,etc.Programming(CLanguage)Inthiscourse,welearnedthestructuredprogramming:Clanguageprogramming.Welearnedthedatatypes,theoperator(运算符),array,functionsandpointers.Icanshowyoualltheseknowledgewithanexample.PracticaltrainingThistrainingperiodwasattheendofthesummerterm.Wewenttovisitseveralfactoriesnearourcampus:athermopowerstation,anelectricalmachineryfactory.ElectricCircuitsThiscoursetaughtusbasiclawsofelectriccircuitsandrelatedtheorems(suchasKirchhoff’sCurrent/Voltagelaw,theAdditionTheorem,Thevenin/Norton’sTheorem,andtheSubstitutionTheorem).Wealsolearnedfundamentalmethodsincircuitanalysisandcomputing,forexample,theNodeVoltageMethod,MeshAnalysisMethod,andTimeDomanAnalysismethod.ElectricCircuitsAnalysisFoundationExperimentInthiscoursewetestedthebasictheoremswelearnedinclass.Forexample,wemeasuredthecurrentofeachbranchtoseeiftheymetKirchhoff’sCurrentLaw.BasicMechanicsInthiscoursewelearnedengineeringstaticsandsomecommonmechanicalcomponents,suchasthebeltdrivesystemsandaxissystems.EngineeringMathematicsWemainlylearnedlinearalgebrainthiscourse.Welearneddeterminants,matrixandhowtousethemtosolvelinearequationorsystemofequations.TheoryofMusicFoundation&InternationalTradeTheseareselectivecourses.IwasinterestedsoIchosethem.ThefirstoneIlearnedtoreadfive-linestaveandbasicmusicknowledge.ThesecondoneIlearnedtheeconomicalglobalization,taxandnon-taxtradebarrier,etc.MetalworkProcessingSkillTrainingThereisaMachineryPlantnearouruniversity,andwewenttheretolearnhowtousethetoolsandmachinestodealwithmetal.Welearnedtheoperationprincipleofthelathe(车床).Eachofusalsomadeascrewcapbyjustusingafile(锉刀).DigitalElectronicsTechnologyThiscoursemainlytolduslogicgatecircuits,e.g.ANDgate,NOTgate,ORgate.Wealsolearnedsomeintegratedchipsandtheirfunctions.(Example)SignalandItsSystemWelearnedthetransformofsignalsandtheirapplicationinsystemanalyze,forexampleinTimedomainanalysis,theFourierTransformandFrequencydomainanalysis,theLaplaceTransformandtheComplexDomainAnalysis,theZ-transformanddiscretetimesignalanalysis.IntheendwealsolearnedtheStateVariableAnalysisofsystems.（傅里叶式子,拉氏变换式子要熟记）AnalogueElectronicsTechnologyInthiscoursewelearnedsemiconductordiodesandBipolarJunctionTransistor,ortriodes,andbasicamplifyingcircuits.Wealsolearnedtheoperationalamplifyingcircuitsandthefeedbackinit.ElectronicTechnologyExperimentThisisanexperimentcourse.Wedidseveralexperimentsinanalogueanddigitalcircuitssuchastheoperationalamplificationcircuits,theAND-NOTgatecircuits.RecreationalAstronomyIchosethisselectivecoursebecauseIwasinterestedintheuniverse.Ilearnedtheconstitutionoftheuniverse,thesolarsystemandtheblackhole.ProcessingofGraphicsThiswasalsoaselectivecourse.IttoldushowtousePhotoshoptoeditandprocesspicturesandgraphics.PrincipleofMicro-computerandItsApplicationThiscourseismainlyabouttheinternalstructureofamicrocomputer(namelythePCweuse),suchasCPU,ReadOnlyMemory,RandomAccessMemory,TimerandCounter,Input/output,interruptcontrolsystem.Wealsolearnedthe8086/8088instructionsystemandtheassemblylanguage.ElectromechanicalandElectromotiveDriveFundamentalsInthiscoursewelearnedabouttheprinciplesofDCmotor(separatelyexcited)andACmotor(3-phaseasynchronous),andthestarting,stoppingandspeedregulationofthem.Wealsolearnedbasicsaboutthevoltagetransformer.(这门课重点看)ElectricPowerSupplyforIndustrialPlantsThiscoursetellsaboutthemainelectricdevicesinthepowersupplysystemofindustrialplants,relayprotectiondevices,surgeprotection,groundingandelectricalsafety.TechnologyofSemiconductorAlternatingCurrent(电力电子PowerElectronics)Thiscourseintroducesonepowersemiconductorcomponent,thethyristor,andtheiruseinAC/DCcircuitconvertingcircuits,suchasbridgerectifiercircuits,ACregulatingcircuitandDCchoppercircuits.EDATechniqueApplication(ElectronicDesignAutomation)ElectronicDesignAutomation,orEDAtechnology,istousethesoftwaremethodsdesignhardwarewithstimulationfunctions.EDAhasseveralcomponents,theProgrammableLogicDevices(e.g.FPGA),theHardwareDescriptionLanguageandSoftwaredeveloper(e.g.MAX+plusII).ElectronicsTechniqueCourseDesignThisisanexperimentcourse.Wewererequiredtodesigncircuits(forexampleanoperationalamplifyingcircuit)byusingProtelsoftware.Thiscoursestrengthenedourknowledgeonelectronictechnology,thechipsandtheirfunctionsandtheirapplication.ComputerNetworkThiscourseintroducedthearchitectureofcomputernetworks,namelytheOpenSystemInterconnect(OSI)referencemodel,thePhysicallayer,Datalinklayer,etc.WealsolearnedtheopenstandardEthernet(IEEE802.3).PrincipleandApplicationofSingle-chipMicrocomputerThiscourseexplainstheworkingprincipleofMCS-51single-chipmicrocomputer,itscomposition,instructionsystem,thetimerandCounter,Input/output,interruptcontrolsystem.EngineeringTest(Measurement)TechniqueThiscoursetoldusthemodernmeasurementtechniquewithsensors,forexample,temperature,pressure,flowandobjectpositionsensingsystem.ModernElectricalControlledTechniqueWelearnedseveralmodernelectricalcontroltechniques,suchasrelay-contactorcontrol,especiallytheuseinmotorcontrol(e.g.thestar-trianglestartingofthe3-phasesynchronisedmotor),fieldbuscontrolsystem,etc.ElectronicsCircuitCADInthiscoursewelearnedtheProtelsoftwareindepth,includingthedesigningprocedureofelectriccircuit,theinterfaceofProtel(AltiumDesigner6.0)softwareandhowtouseitintocircuitdrawingandPCBlandscaping:schematicdiagram,encapsulationandPCBlayout.IntelligentControlConventionalcontrol:classicfeedbackcontrolandmoderntheoryofcontrol,basedonaccuratemathematicsystemmodel,suitableforrelativelysimple,linear,time-invariantsystems.Intelligentcontrol:candriveintelligentmachinestofulfilthecontroltargetwithouthumanintervention,suchasneuralnetworks,fuzzylogic,etc.ElectricalControlLaboratoryInthislabcourseweusedelectricalelementssuchasrelayandcontactortodoexperimentsinmotorapplications,suchasthe3-phaseasynchroniesStar-Trianglestarting.ProductionPracticeThistimeIwenttoaniron-makingfactory,andlearnedtheprocessofmakingiron.CourseDesignontheApplicationoftheChipComputerWefirstlearnedtomakeaminimumsystemofthesingle-chipmicrocomputer:Vccpower,GNDgrounding,CrystalOscillator,RCresetcircuitsandalowelectricalleveltoEA.Irememberourteamdesignedalightwatersystem(Sevensegmentdisplaydigitaltube).KEILC51:usedtocompileanddebugtheprogram;Programmer:recordtheprogramtothechip.AutomaticControlTheoryInthiscoursewelearnedhowtousemathematicmodelstoanalysecontrolsystemsbyusingLaplacetransformandtransferfunction,thenwelearnedthethreeanalyticalmethods:TimeDomainAnalysisandtheRootLocusMethod,FrequencyResponseAnalyticalMethodandcontrolsystemcorrection(Proportional,IntegralDifferentialControl).AutomaticControlSystemInthiscoursewelearnedseveralsamplesofanautomaticcontrolsystem,suchasmotorcontrolsystem,whichwe’velearnedthetheoryinelectromotivedrive.Wealsolearnedtheservosystem:tomakethecontrolledelementfollowtheinputsignalautomatically,continuouslyandaccurately.ComputerSimulationItwasaboutusingacomputerprogramtosimulateasystemmodel.InthiscoursewelearnedtheMATLABsoftwaretosimulatecontrolsystems,tocallthefunctionsandinputsomeparameterssothatitwillautomaticallydrawtheperformancecurves,etc.Sowecandirectlyviewtheresultfromachangeoftheinput.E.g.PIDcontrol.ControlTheoryofMicrocomputer(ComputerControlSystem)InthiscoursewelearnedthehardwarecompositionoftheComputerControlSystem,andseveralcommonsystemssuchasDCSsystem,FieldbusControlSystemandtheIndustrialControlComputer.WealsolearnedthetheoreticfundamentalslikeSamplingandZ-transform.ProgrammableLogicControllerAprogrammablecontrollerisadigitalcomputerusedforelectromechanicalautomationprocesses.Unlikegeneral-purposecomputers,thePLChasmultipleinputsandoutputs,extendedtemperatureranges,highEMClevelandresistancetovibrationandimpact.Include:powersupply,CPU,memory,I/Ointerfacecircuit,functionalmodules,andcommunicationmodules.Threeoperationphases:inputsampling,user’sprogramexecution,outputrefresh.AdvancedControlTechnologyofIndustrialProcessAdvancedprocesscontrolhasdifferentkindsofmethods,usedforsolvingcomplex,usuallymultivariablecontrolproblemsordiscretecontrolproblem.AdaptiveControl:theparametersofthecontrolledsystemareuncertainorchangeswithtime,sothecontrollermustfindawayadapttothiskindofsystems.Forexample,whenanaircraftflies,itsmasswillslowlydecreaseasaresultoffuelconsumption.Thespeedcontrolsystemintheaircraftshouldconsiderthisinspeedregulating.Adaptivecontrolmethodhasbeenusedinmechanicalsystemswithouttoomuchdelayandsystemswithcertaindynamicproperties.RobustControl:thiscontrolmethodisusedtodealwithuncertainty.Robustcontrolmethodsfunctionproperlyaslongasuncertainparametersordisturbancesarewithinsomerange.Thismethodaimstoachieverobustperformanceandstabilitywhenthereismodellingerrors.ModelPredictiveControl:orMPC,hasbeeninuseinchemicalplantsandoilrefineries.Modelpredictivecontrollersrelyondynamicmodelsoftheprocess,mostoftenlinearempiricalmodelsobtainedbysystemidentification.Itanalysesthehistoricaldataoftheprocessandthenpredictthefutureinputandoutput.OptimalControl:Acontrolproblemincludesacostfunctionalthatisafunctionofstateandcontrolvariables.Anoptimalcontrolisasetofdifferentialequationsdescribingthepathsofthecontrolvariablesthatminimizethecostfunctional.TheoptimalcontrolcanbederivedusingPontryagin'smaximumprinciple(anecessarycondition)orbysolvingtheBellmanequation(asufficientcondition).PLCApplication(Experiment)Inthisexperimentwedidingroups,Irememberourteamdidanexperimentontrafficlightcontrolintheexperimentpanel.MotionControlComprehensiveExperimentThemotioncontrolsystemisusedtocontrolthepositionorvelocityofmachines,usuallywiththehelpofelectricmotors.Motioncontroliswidelyusedinrobotics,packagingandassemblyindustries.Amotioncontrolsystemcontains:amotioncontroller,adriveoramplifier,anactuator,feedbacksensorsandmechanicalcomponents.Amotioncontroller:tosetupthedesiredoutput.Adriveoramplifier:totransformthecontr